Background characteristics independently predict 9th-grade off-track indicators: boys are 1.7 times as likely to be suspended and 3.5 times as likely to have a GPA below a C than girls¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2019 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Boys have 1.7 times the odds of suspension and 3.5 times the odds of a GPA below C relative to girls; higher 8th-grade math achievement is associated with moderately lower odds of chronic absence and suspension. → Soland 2019

Evidence¶

Soland 2019¶

Soland, J. & Kuhfeld, M. (2019). Identifying students who are off-track academically in 9th Grade: the role of social-emotional learning trajectories. (NWEA Collaborative for Student Growth Research Brief). https://www.nwea.org/research/publication/identifying-students-who-are-off-track-academically-in-9th-grade-the-role-of-social-emotional-learning-trajectories/

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Logistic regressions of each off-track indicator on background covariates without SEL constructs (Table 4, N per model noted as 2,352 in later tables). Printed odds ratios: male 1.713 (suspension), 3.545 (GPA below C), math achievement 0.974 (absence, suspension).

"Boys are 1.7 times as likely to be suspended and 3.5 times as likely to have a GPA of below a C than girls. The odds of being chronically absent or ever suspended were moderately lower for students with higher math achievement in 8th grade."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause

Related Claims¶

• Among students initially on-track, being male, Black, or Hispanic and attending higher-FRPL schools predict higher odds of falling off track in math — related
• Being male, Black, or Hispanic and changing schools predict lower odds of moving on-track; the reading findings are qualitatively similar — related
• No SEL construct status or growth significantly predicted chronic absenteeism in 9th grade after controlling for background characteristics — related
• Self-management status and growth across middle school predict lower odds of having a GPA below a C and of being suspended in 9th grade, but not chronic absenteeism — related
• 8th grade growth mindset and academic behavior self-reports positively predicted 9th grade on-track status; performance avoidance did not — related
• Girls report higher school engagement at time 1 and higher cumulative GPA than boys — related
• Latino girls reported higher belonging and achievement than boys, and Latino subgroup and parent-education differences emerged in the sixth grade — related