CBL, PBL, and TBL each significantly improve nursing students' problem-solving abilities¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesis r3 · q3 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2026 · checked against its sources 2026-10-31 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i3 Subgroup analyses show CBL (SMD = 1.36), PBL (SMD = 0.56), and TBL (SMD = 1.52) each significantly improve problem-solving abilities. → Zou Ya 2026

Evidence¶

Zou Ya 2026¶

Zou Ya, Xie Wenzhao, Huang Hui, Liu Dan, Zhou Qing, Yi Qifeng, Tong Xiaoliang, Mao Ping. (2026). The effects of case-based, problem-based, and team-based learning on nursing students’ problem-solving, self-directed learning, and communication skills: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-026-08602-3

q3 · i3 · quant-synthesis · r3

Subgroup meta-analysis by teaching method for problem-solving abilities, reported in Table 4. All three named methods show significant pooled effects, with varying heterogeneity ("I2 = 95%", "0%", "97%").

"CBL (SMD = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.19–2.52, I2 = 95%, P = 0.02), PBL (SMD = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.76, I2 = 0%, P<0.001), and TBL (SMD = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.21–2.83, I2 = 97%, P = 0.02) all significantly improved nursing students’ problem-solving abilities"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Problem Solving — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Modern teaching methods significantly improve nursing students' problem-solving abilities (SMD = 1.05) — a broader claim this one bears on
• Student satisfaction with CBL, PBL and TBL in public health education was high, reported in 21 of 22 studies (95.4%) — related
• PBL and TBL significantly improve nursing students' self-directed learning — related
• TBL improves ethical reasoning and moral sensitivity — related
• Cluster analysis identifies PBL + WeChat, TBL and CBL + WeChat as most promising for theoretical and practical performance with low dissatisfaction — related