Adolescents with cochlear implants spell significantly less accurately than hearing peers, though 55% spell within one standard deviation of them and 45% two or more below¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2011 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? CI-HS students spelled 67% of Picture Spelling Test items correctly versus 80% for hearing controls, a significant difference, though 55% of CI students scored within 1 SD of the control group. → Geers Ann E.; Hayes Heather 2011
Evidence¶
Geers Ann E.; Hayes Heather 2011¶
Geers Ann E.; Hayes Heather. (2011). Reading, Writing, and Phonological Processing Skills of Adolescents with 10 or More Years of Cochlear Implant Experience. Ear and Hearing. https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181fa41fa
q3 · i? · associational · r2
Group comparison on the Picture Spelling Test between 112 CI-HS students and 46 hearing control high school students. CI students spelled "67% of items correctly compared to 80%" with a significant Mann-Whitney test (U = 3480, z = 3.46, p = .001); 55% of CI students were within 1 SD of controls while 45% scored two or more SDs below.
"On average, the CI-HS participants were significantly poorer spellers than the hearing control group, spelling 67% of items correctly compared to 80% (Mann-Whitney U = 3480, z = 3.46, p = .001). However, more than half of the CI-HS students (55%) spelled within one standard deviation of the NHC-HS group"
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Access — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
Related Claims¶
- Adolescents with cochlear implants receive lower expository writing ratings than hearing peers across organization, content, language use, and vocabulary — related
- Adolescents with cochlear implants perform below hearing peers on phonological processing measures including word attack, spelling plausibility, elision, and nonword repetition — related
- Adolescents with cochlear implants implanted by preschool age score just below the average range on standardized reading tests, with 47-66% within or above hearing norms — related
- Shorter duration of deafness, higher performance IQ, and lack of sign enhancement predict higher literacy in adolescents with cochlear implants — related
- Phonological processing skills account for 38.3% of variance in adolescent literacy after controlling for child, family, and implant characteristics — related
- Most adolescents with cochlear implants maintain their reading standing relative to hearing norms from elementary school to high school — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
ci-adolescents-spelling-poorer-than-hearing-peers |
title |
Adolescents with cochlear implants spell significantly less accurately than hearing peers, though 55% spell within one standard deviation of them and 45% two or more below |
description |
Adolescents with cochlear implants spell significantly less accurately than hearing peers, though 55% spell within one standard deviation of them and 45% two or more below |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2011 |
source_checked |
2026-10-20 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-17 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — geers-ann-e-hayes-heather-2011 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.