Shorter duration of deafness, higher performance IQ, and lack of sign enhancement predict higher literacy in adolescents with cochlear implants¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q2
Currency · newest study 2011 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Duration of deafness was the only significant step-1 predictor (negative influence), and in step 2 gender, PIQ, and sign enhancement were significant, with students whose vocabulary was not enhanced by sign achieving the highest literacy. → Geers Ann E.; Hayes Heather 2011
Evidence¶
Geers Ann E.; Hayes Heather 2011¶
Geers Ann E.; Hayes Heather. (2011). Reading, Writing, and Phonological Processing Skills of Adolescents with 10 or More Years of Cochlear Implant Experience. Ear and Hearing. https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181fa41fa
q2 · i? · associational · r2
Step-wise regression on 112 CI-HS students (Table 4). Child characteristics entered first accounted for 8.6% of variance, with duration of deafness the only significant predictor and its influence negative, suggesting long-term literacy benefits of early implantation. "Students with higher PIQ scores and those whose receptive vocabulary was not enhanced by addition of sign language obtained the highest literacy levels in high school".
"Students with higher PIQ scores and those whose receptive vocabulary was not enhanced by addition of sign language obtained the highest literacy levels in high school"
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Access — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
- General Cognitive Ability — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
Related Claims¶
- Adolescents with cochlear implants implanted by preschool age score just below the average range on standardized reading tests, with 47-66% within or above hearing norms — related
- Adolescents with cochlear implants spell significantly less accurately than hearing peers, though 55% spell within one standard deviation of them and 45% two or more below — related
- Current adolescent characteristics including digit span, sentence duration and sign enhancement predict high school language outcomes — related
- Phonological processing skills account for 38.3% of variance in adolescent literacy after controlling for child, family, and implant characteristics — related
- Sign enhancement predicts high school language in opposite directions at elementary versus adolescent measurement — related
- Most adolescents with cochlear implants maintain their reading standing relative to hearing norms from elementary school to high school — related
- Adolescents with cochlear implants receive lower expository writing ratings than hearing peers across organization, content, language use, and vocabulary — related
- Early elementary characteristics predict 71% of variance in high school language outcomes of CI users — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
duration-of-deafness-piq-sign-enhancement-predict-literacy |
title |
Shorter duration of deafness, higher performance IQ, and lack of sign enhancement predict higher literacy in adolescents with cochlear implants |
description |
Shorter duration of deafness, higher performance IQ, and lack of sign enhancement predict higher literacy in adolescents with cochlear implants |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2011 |
source_checked |
2026-10-20 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-17 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — geers-ann-e-hayes-heather-2011 |
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