Students at later grade levels were more likely to remain at risk across school years than students at earlier grade levels¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr3·q2
Currency · newest study 2024 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2029: baselines and conditions change
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? 77 percent of grade 2 students significantly below benchmark were still significantly below benchmark at the end of grade 3, compared to 64 percent of kindergarten students moving to grade 1. → Mariann Lemke 2024
Evidence¶
Mariann Lemke 2024¶
Mariann Lemke, Dan Murphy, Aaron Soo Ping Chow, and Angela Acuña. (2024). Early Literacy Performance in Massachusetts: Results of Ongoing Analysis of Literacy Screening Assessments. WestEd. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED663754
q2 · i? · associational · r3
Cross-year analysis linking students' screening status across grade levels in 2021/22 and 2022/23. The report states more students in later grades remained below benchmark or significantly below benchmark across years than students in earlier grades.
"77 percent of grade 2 students who were significantly below benchmark were still significantly below benchmark at the end of grade 3 (compared to 64 percent of kindergarten students who moved to grade 1)."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Age and Developmental Stage — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
Related Claims¶
- Across school years, students identified as at risk in earlier grades were more likely to get on track by the end of the next grade than students in later grades — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)
- Risk status tends to persist: 75 percent of students significantly below benchmark at BOY remained so at EOY, and earlier grades showed lower year-to-year persistence — a broader claim this one bears on
- Across grades K–3, the percentage of students below literacy benchmarks decreases more from BOY to EOY in earlier grades than in grade 3 — related
- Most students below benchmark at the beginning of the year remained below at the end, with persistence highest for historically marginalized student groups (67–80 percent) — related
- Few students identified as significantly below benchmark in grades 1–3 met MCAS expectations 1 or 2 years later, with higher rates for earlier identification — related
- Most students identified as significantly below benchmark on early literacy screeners remain significantly below benchmark 1 and 2 years later — related
- Kindergarten students showed the largest BOY-to-EOY decline in significant risk identification, dropping 21 percentage points — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
cross-grade-risk-persistence |
title |
Students at later grade levels were more likely to remain at risk across school years than students at earlier grade levels |
description |
Students at later grade levels were more likely to remain at risk across school years than students at earlier grade levels |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2024 |
source_checked |
2026-10-20 |
recheck_by |
2029 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-09 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — mariann-lemke-2024 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.