Teacher-rated grades show girls rated slightly higher than boys, but gender is unrelated to test performance¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Gender was associated with teacher-rated grades (girls higher) but not with test performance. → Lehikoinen 2025

Evidence¶

Lehikoinen 2025¶

Lehikoinen, H., Väisänen, P., Havu-Nuutinen, S., Lappalainen, K., & Niemivirta, M. (2025). Developmental relations between mathematics self-concept, interest, and achievement: A comparison of solo- and co-taught classes. Instructional Science, 53, 239–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-024-09678-4

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Bivariate correlations in the descriptive analysis of the full sample showed gender (0 = girls, 1 = boys) correlated with teacher-rated grades but not test performance. The later correlation was marginal (p = .064).

"Gender was somewhat associated with earlier (r = –.21, p = .012) and later (r = –.15, p = .064) mathematics achievement, showing girls to have slightly higher teacher-rated grades at the end of fifth and sixth grade, but not with test performance"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause

Related Claims¶

• Girls outperform boys on effortful control, teacher-rated social competence, and achievement in this sample — related
• SAT scores underpredict the academic performance of high school girls, who average lower scores than boys despite higher grades — related
• Ninth-grade GPAs varied substantially by gender, race/ethnicity, neighborhood SES, incoming test scores, course level, and school — related
• No significant gender differences in CTAT performance within either educational pathway — related
• Girls report higher school engagement at time 1 and higher cumulative GPA than boys — related
• Boys received more process praise and scored higher in 4th grade math than girls in this sample — related
• Boys rate their mathematics ability under challenge significantly higher than girls at every level of observed mathematics ability, including the highest (p < 0.001) — related
• Exploratory analyses found videos more beneficial for retention among boys than girls and among fifth graders more than sixth graders — related