In the higher track, reading enjoyment and sex show main effects on non-leisure readers' school achievement, with enjoyers of both sexes scoring higher¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q3·i1small
Currency · newest study 2014 · checked against its sources 2026-10-17 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i1 Among higher-track non-leisure readers, main effects emerged for sex (η2 = 0.03) and reading enjoyment (η2 = 0.01); girl enjoyers scored 0.22 and boy enjoyers 0.34 grade points higher. → Mol SE and Jolles J 2014
Evidence¶
Mol SE and Jolles J 2014¶
Mol SE and Jolles J (2014) Reading enjoyment amongst non-leisure readers can affect achievement in secondary school. Front. Psychol. 5:1214. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01214
q3 · i1 · associational · r2
GLM Univariate ANCOVA among 400 higher-track non-leisure readers. The article reports girl enjoyers scored 0.22 and boy enjoyers 0.34 grade points higher than non-enjoyers, with main effects for sex and reading enjoyment.
"Main effects were found for sex [F(1,393) = 13.40, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.03] and reading enjoyment [F(1,393) = 4.92, p = 0.027, η2 = 0.01] and the covariate classroom type [F(1,393) = 8.75, p = 0.003, η2 = 0.02], but not for mental imagery [F(1,393) = 0.07, p = 0.791, η2 = 0.00]."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Achievement Emotions — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
- Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause
- Interest — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
Related Claims¶
- In the lower track, reading enjoyment relates to school achievement for girls but not for boys among non-leisure readers — related
- Boys read for leisure and enjoy reading less than girls, but no sex differences appear in mental imagery — related
- Mental imagery shows no direct relation to school achievement among non-leisure readers, though a ceiling effect limits this null finding — related
- A majority of non-leisure readers report enjoying reading in general (59% lower track, 69% higher track) — related
- Only a minority of Dutch seventh graders read for leisure, with lower prevalence in the pre-vocational track (19.5%) than the pre-academic track (32.5%) — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
higher-track-enjoyment-grades-both-sexes |
title |
In the higher track, reading enjoyment and sex show main effects on non-leisure readers' school achievement, with enjoyers of both sexes scoring higher |
description |
In the higher track, reading enjoyment and sex show main effects on non-leisure readers' school achievement, with enjoyers of both sexes scoring higher |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2014 |
source_checked |
2026-10-17 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-17 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — mol-se-and-jolles-j-2014 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.