Uni- and multimodal interventions improve executive function (switch cost) relative to active control¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2019 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Design limits · Zwilling 2019: the intervention came bundled with another change (read from the study by two models, 2026-10-26)

Subclaims¶

q3 i2 The ANCOVA on post-intervention switch cost controlling for pre-intervention was significant, with fitness (d = 0.68), fitness plus cognitive (d = 0.29), and fitness plus cognitive plus meditation (d = 0.31) improving relative to active control. → Zwilling 2019

Evidence¶

Zwilling 2019¶

Zwilling, C. E., Daugherty, A. M., Hillman, C. H., Kramer, A. F., Cohen, N. J. & Barbey, A. K. (2019). Enhanced decision-making through multimodal training. npj Science of Learning 4:11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-019-0049-x

q3 · i2 · causal · r2

Omnibus ANCOVA on the set shifting task switch cost measure in the RCT. Table 2 reports Cohen's d effect size of 0.68 (fitness), 0.29 (fitness plus cognitive), and 0.31 (fitness plus cognitive plus meditation) relative to active control; groups did not differ at pre-intervention (F = 0.75, p = 0.52).

"The ANCOVA model testing the post-intervention switch cost measure of executive function, while controlling for the pre-intervention switch cost measure, was signi ficant ( F = 4.17, p = 0.0072, df = (4,155), Table 2)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Executive Function — outcome: instruction changes it
• Self-Regulation — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Participant expectancies about intervention efficacy did not differ by intervention group — related
• Uni-modal HICRT fitness training improves belief assessment and information integration in healthy adults — related
• Training effects are selective: active control improved processing efficiency but not executive function, and uni/multimodal interventions improved executive function but not processing efficiency — related
• Multimodal HICRT plus cognitive training, and HICRT plus cognitive training plus meditation, improve value assessment; meditation conferred an additional benefit — related
• All three facets of decision-making competence improved from pre- to post-intervention at the omnibus level — related