The overall main effect of prediction error on recognition memory, independent of prediction outcome, is not significant¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2023 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? The main effect of PE on recognition memory was not significant, contrasting with prior findings of unsigned reward PE improving memory. → Francesco Pupillo 2023

Evidence¶

Francesco Pupillo 2023¶

Francesco Pupillo, Javier Ortiz-Tudela, Rasmus Bruckner and Yee Lee Shing. (2023). The effect of prediction error on episodic memory encoding is modulated by the outcome of the predictions. npj Science of Learning 8:18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-023-00166-x

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Mixed-model analysis on collapsed data from both experiments; Table 2 reports the PE fixed effect as β = −0.12, p = 0.521, OR = 0.88. No standardised effect size is printed for this null finding, so no magnitude is asserted.

"In contrast to the findings from Rouhani and colleagues, our results showed that the overall effect of PE, independent of the outcome of the prediction, was not significant."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Long-Term Memory — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Recognition performance was worse overall in Experiment 2 than Experiment 1, with no moderation of the effects of interest — related
• Estimated individual learning rates did not affect overall recognition memory or moderate the prediction-error effects — related
• Model-derived prediction error at encoding interacts with prediction outcome in determining subsequent recognition memory — related
• For incorrect predictions, stronger prediction errors during encoding lead to impaired recognition memory — related
• Choice-outcome-incorporated (signed) prediction error shows a positive relationship with recognition memory — related
• For correct predictions, stronger prediction errors during encoding lead to enhanced recognition memory — related
• Feedback-stage reward prediction errors, signed or unsigned, do not modulate memory in either learning condition — related