No significant difference in learning between overt (observable) and covert (mental) practice during film participation¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 1953 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Learning achieved under overt practice conditions did not differ significantly from learning under covert practice conditions. → Michael 1953

Evidence¶

Michael 1953¶

Michael, D. N. (1953). Some Factors Influencing the Effects of Audience Participation on Learning from a Factual Film. Memo Report No. 13A, Human Resources Research Laboratories, Bolling Air Force Base. https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Michael+audience+participation+factual+film

q2 · i? · causal · r1

Comparison within the eight-group film experiment between groups that spoke their answers and groups that wrote them. The review reports "no significant difference between the level of learning achieved under overt practice conditions and under covert practice." Equivalence was not tested; no effect size is printed.

"There was no significant difference between the level of learning achieved under overt practice conditions and under covert practice."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Audience participation during a factual film improves learning of the practiced verbal material compared with simple viewing, with gains attributable to practice rather than motivation — related
• Knowledge of the correct response was the most important single factor in learning from audience-participation film segments — related
• Response format (overt vs. covert retrieval) did not affect final cued recall in spaced retrieval practice, and list structure (blocked vs. random; proportion of overt trials) did not moderate the effect. — related
• Transfer across response formats is incomplete: practicing terms benefited definition recall, but practicing definitions showed no overt-over-covert advantage on a term test — related
• Overt retrieval practice produces higher delayed recall of definitions than covert retrieval practice for learners studying declarative concepts — reports the opposite
• Overt retrieval also outperforms covert retrieval for key terms, but with a smaller advantage than for definitions — reports the opposite
• Overt student behavior is an unreliable proxy for covert cognitive engagement and instructional effectiveness — related
• Practice between or during film demonstrations did not aid perceptual-motor learning — related
• Announcing an upcoming test did not significantly change learning from the participation film — related