Proficient learners complete the CT task faster and with fewer clicks than Novice and Developing learners¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (3 entries) · associational r1 · q2 · i2–i3
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i3 Proficient learners completed tasks faster than Novice and Developing learners (L_Time: F(2, 96) = 10.45, p < .001, η² = .18). → Tanya Chichekian 2026 q2 i3 Proficient learners had fewer clicks than Novice and Developing learners (L_Clicks: F(2, 96) = 7.89, p < .001, η² = .14), possibly reflecting reduced trial-and-error. → Tanya Chichekian 2026 (2) q2 i2 Proficient learners spent less playground time than Novice and Developing learners (PG_Time: F(2, 124) = 8.32, p < .001, η² = .12), suggesting greater initial familiarity. → Tanya Chichekian 2026 (3)

Evidence¶

Tanya Chichekian 2026¶

Tanya Chichekian, Maria Cutumisu, Annie Savard and Yi-Mei Zhang. (2026). Profiling Pre-service Teachers' Computational Thinking: The Role of Metacognition and Coding Experience. Journal of Learning Analytics, 13(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.18608/jla.2026.9077

q2 · i3 · associational · r1

One-way ANOVA on Qualtrics trace data from the Programming Lamps task compared online behaviours across the three CT profiles. Proficient learners' mean task completion time was 80.12 s versus 150.45 s (Novice) and 125.67 s (Developing); the article reports "F(2, 96) = 10.45, p < .001, η² = .18".

"For L_Time ( M = 124.33, SD = 73.27, n = 99), F(2, 96) = 10.45, p < .001, η² = .18, Proficient learners ( M = 80.12, SD = 40.10) completed tasks faster than Novice (M = 150.45, SD = 80.20, p < .001) and Developing (M = 125.67, SD = 70.50, p = .002), indicating greater efficiency in CT."

Tanya Chichekian 2026 (2)¶

q2 · i3 · associational · r1

The same ANOVA on click counts showed Proficient learners averaged 35.89 clicks versus 65.34 (Novice) and 52.12 (Developing); the article reports "F(2, 96) = 7.89, p < .001, η² = .14" and attributes the pattern to possibly reduced trial-and-error.

"For L_Clicks ( M = 50.07, SD = 37.23, n = 99), F(2, 96) = 7.89, p < .001, η² = .14, Proficient learners ( M = 35.89, SD = 20.40) had fewer clicks than Novice ( M = 65.34, SD = 45.60, p < .001) and Developing ( M = 52.12, SD = 35.30, p = .008), possibly reflecting reduced trial -and-error."

Tanya Chichekian 2026 (3)¶

q2 · i2 · associational · r1

ANOVA on playground exploration time showed Proficient learners spent less time (M = 45.21 s) than Novice (M = 85.67 s) and Developing (M = 65.43 s) learners; the article reports "F(2, 124) = 8.32, p < .001, η² = .12" from LSD post-hoc tests.

"For PG_Time (M = 64.77, SD = 37.09, n = 127), F(2, 124) = 8.32, p < .001, η² = .12, LSD post -hoc tests show ed that Proficient learners ( M = 45.21, SD = 25.30) spent less time in the playground than Novice ( M = 85.67, SD = 45.10, p < .001) and Developing ( M = 65.43, SD = 35.20, p = .012), suggesting greater initial familiarity."

Discussion¶

Page metadata

Field	Value
`type`	`claim`
`id`	`proficient-learners-task-efficiency-behaviour`
`title`	`Proficient learners complete the CT task faster and with fewer clicks than Novice and Developing learners`
`description`	`Proficient learners complete the CT task faster and with fewer clicks than Novice and Developing learners`
`status`	`review`
`evidence_strength`	`moderate`
`newest_evidence`	`2026`
`generated`	by `process:wiki-ingest` on `2026-10-08`
`trust`	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
`sources`	3 — `tanya-chichekian-2026`, `tanya-chichekian-2026-2`, `tanya-chichekian-2026-3`

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