Peer outcomes following a district suspension reform varied with school-level implementation¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r? · q3
Currency · newest study 2018 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Postreform changes in peer outcomes varied with school-level implementation of the district-level suspension reform. → Matthew P. Steinberg 2018

Evidence¶

Matthew P. Steinberg 2018¶

Matthew P. Steinberg, Johanna Lacoe. (2018). Reforming School Discipline: School-Level Policy Implementation and the Consequences for Suspended Students and Their Peers. American Journal of Education, vol. 125, issue 1. https://www.mathematica.org/publications/reforming-school-discipline-school-level-policy-implementation-and-the-consequences-for-suspended doi:10.1086/699811

q3 · i? · causal · r?

Difference-in-differences analysis of the Philadelphia reform finds that "Postreform changes in peer outcomes varied with school-level implementation", with unaffected outcomes in fully implementing schools and declines elsewhere. No effect size is printed.

"Postreform changes in peer outcomes varied with school-level implementation: in schools that eliminated classroom disorder OSS, peer math achievement and attendance were unaffected, whereas peer math achievement declined and attendance decreased in schools that did not fully implement the district-level reform."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• In schools that eliminated classroom disorder out-of-school suspensions, peer math achievement and attendance were unaffected — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Many Philadelphia schools did not comply with the policy change prohibiting out-of-school suspension for low-level offenses — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• In schools that did not fully implement the district-level suspension reform, peer math achievement declined and attendance decreased — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• A Philadelphia reform prohibiting out-of-school suspension for classroom disorder decreased classroom disorder suspensions among students suspended before the reform — related
• Philadelphia schools varied significantly in how they implemented the discipline policy change — related
• Truancy rates increased in Philadelphia following the discipline policy reform — related
• Total suspensions in Philadelphia remained unchanged following the discipline policy reform — related
• Philadelphia's 2012-2013 discipline reform produced a modest decline in suspensions for nonviolent infractions in the year of reform — related
• Serious incidents of student misconduct increased in Philadelphia following the discipline policy reform — related
• District math and English language arts achievement declined in Philadelphia following the discipline policy reform — related
• Attendance, but not academic achievement, improved for previously suspended students following the suspension reform — related
• District policies discouraging suspensions show mixed effects: shortened suspensions were associated with improved attendance but worse school climate — related
• School culture changes during turnaround coincided with suspension rates falling from roughly one in four students suspended per year to zero suspensions — related
• Student exposure to restorative practices improves standardized test performance and reduces suspension probability and duration — related
• Negative achievement effects of suspension are robust to instrumental variable estimates leveraging a district-wide suspension policy change — related
• Exposure to suspensions for serious misconduct has very small negative spillovers onto peer achievement — related
• Peer exposure to suspensions does not change peer absences — related