Functional coupling development during inhibition is sex-specific: striatal-motor coupling increases with age in girls, frontostriatal coupling increases with age in boys¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r2 · q2 · i1–i2
Currency · newest study 2021 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2026: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q2 i1 During reactive inhibition, coupling between the right striatum and left motor cortex increased with age specifically for girls (r = 0.17), not boys (r = 0.01). → Pas P. 2021 q2 i2 During proactive inhibition, coupling between the right striatum and mid frontal cortex increased with age specifically for boys (r = 0.23), not girls (r = −0.01). → Pas P. 2021 (2)

Evidence¶

Pas P. 2021¶

Pas P., Hulshoff Pol H.E., Raemaekers M., Vink M. (2021). Self-regulation in the pre-adolescent brain. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101012

q2 · i1 · associational · r2

PPI analysis of reactive inhibition found an age-by-sex interaction (F(1, 636) = 4.66, p = 0.03); post-hoc regressions showed the age association "was specifically present for girls F(1, 361) = 10.52, p < 0.01 (r = 0.17)". Boys with mid pubertal characteristics showed more coupling than boys in pre- and early puberty (t(205) = 2.95, p < 0.01).

"A post-hoc regression analysis revealed that this association with age, was specifically present for girls F(1, 361) = 10.52, p < 0.01 (r = 0.17), but not for boys F(1, 277) = 0.01, p = 0.92 (r = 0.01); (Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons at p < 0.05/2 = 0.025)."

Pas P. 2021 (2)¶

Pas P., Hulshoff Pol H.E., Raemaekers M., Vink M. (2021). Self-regulation in the pre-adolescent brain. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101012

q2 · i2 · associational · r2

PPI analysis of proactive inhibition found an age-by-sex interaction (F(1, 636) = 10.26, p < 0.001); the age association "was specifically present for boys F(1, 277) = 15.56, p < 0.001 (r = 0.23)". No coupling difference by pubertal stage was found for either sex.

"A post-hoc regression analysis revealed that the association with age was specifically present for boys F(1, 277) = 15.56, p < 0.001 (r = 0.23), but not for girls F(1, 361) = 0.03, p = 0.85 (r = −0.01); (Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons at p < 0.05/2 = 0.025)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Children aged 8–11 show significant activation in frontal-striatal-parietal regions during proactive inhibition and striatal activation during reactive inhibition, similar to regions reported in adults — related
• Self-regulation scores correlate with functional coupling between the right striatum and left motor cortex during reactive inhibition, but not frontostriatal coupling during proactive inhibition — related
• Sex-specific subgroup models show the same functional forms for boys and girls, though cubic coefficients for boys were not significant after correction — related
• Higher self-regulation in pre-adolescent children is associated with stronger right mid frontal cortex activation during proactive inhibition — related
• Children aged 8–11 with higher parent-rated self-regulation show more proactive response slowing on a stop-signal anticipation task — related