Greater SLD stigma is generally associated with less optimal psychological adjustment (anxiety, depression, coping, self-efficacy, quality of life), though most associations could not be meta-analytically pooled¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesis r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2023 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Across 12 studies (52 effect sizes), greater SLD stigma was generally related to less optimal psychological adjustment, including greater anxiety and depression and lower adaptive coping, self-efficacy, and quality of life; only the self-esteem association was powered enough for pooling. → Haft Stephanie L. 2023

Evidence¶

Haft Stephanie L. 2023¶

Haft Stephanie L., Greiner de Magalhães Caroline, Hoeft Fumiko. (2023). A Systematic Review of the Consequences of Stigma and Stereotype Threat for Individuals With Specific Learning Disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194221087383

q2 · i? · quant-synthesis · r2

Systematic review of 12 stigma studies (936 participants; 52 correlation coefficients, of which 38.4% were medium and 13.5% large by Cohen's guidelines). The review reports studies "generally showed that greater SLD stigma was associated with less optimal outcomes"; only the self-esteem association had df > 4 for RVE pooling. All 11 psychological-adjustment studies were cross-sectional.

"Other associations were not powered enough to pool effect sizes across outcomes—however, these studies generally showed that greater SLD stigma was associated with less optimal outcomes including greater anxiety and depression and lower academic performance, adaptive coping, self-efficacy, and quality of life."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• SLD stigma effects on psychological adjustment appear in middle childhood as well as adolescence, and no discernible age pattern emerged across the reviewed studies
• Greater SLD stigma is associated with lower self-esteem, with a pooled medium-sized correlation (r = −.39) across nine effect sizes from six studies
• Experimental stereotype threat effects in SLD samples are heterogeneous (Hedges's g 0.06–1.16), with effects more robust for motivation-related psychological outcomes than for cognitive or academic performance outcomes — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Associations between SLD stigma and academic performance are small, based on very few studies, and less robust than stigma's associations with psychological outcomes — related
• Stigma awareness is associated with higher academic anxiety and lower intrinsic motivation among elementary-age children — related