Repeated study–test practice reduces the foresight bias for backward pairs, with the illusion of competence disappearing by the fourth presentation¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2006 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Across four study–test cycles in Experiment 1, the illusion of competence for backward pairs decreased with practice and disappeared by the fourth presentation. → Koriat 2006

Evidence¶

Koriat 2006¶

Koriat, A., & Bjork, R. A. (2006). Illusions of competence during study can be remedied by manipulations that enhance learners' sensitivity to retrieval conditions at test. Memory & Cognition, 34(5), 959-972. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193244

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Experiment 1, 24 participants, four study–test cycles; the triple interaction was significant, F(3,69) 9.41, p .0001, and "the illusion of competence associated with the backward pairs decreased with practice". A ceiling effect on the fourth presentation was checked by repeating the ANOVA on the third.

"The remaining interactions, all involving associative direction, seem to reflect the observation that the illusion of competence associated with the backward pairs decreased with practice to the extent that it disappeared completely by the fourth presentation."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Backward-associated word pairs produce a foresight bias: judgments of learning are inflated relative to actual recall when the dominant association runs from target to cue — related
• The foresight bias has behavioral consequences: learners allocate similar study time to backward and forward pairs despite markedly lower recall for backward pairs — related
• Test experience alleviates the foresight bias more effectively than study experience — related
• Delaying judgments of learning after study markedly reduces, but does not eliminate, the foresight bias — related
• Monitoring resolution improves with study–test practice, with larger gains for backward than for forward pairs — a broader claim this one bears on
• Underconfidence-with-practice effect: learners overestimate learning after one study trial but underestimate it after repeated restudying — related