A 16-lesson TPSR leadership program significantly improved personal and social responsibility scores of sports high school students compared with a control group¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr1·q2·i3large
Currency · newest study 2019 · checked against its sources 2026-11-01 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Design limits · Filiz 2019: groups were assigned but students were analysed as independent (read from the study by two models, 2026-11-01)
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i3 After controlling for pretest scores, the experimental group's corrected posttest PSRB-S scores were significantly higher than the control group's, with a high effect size (η² = .214). → Filiz 2019
Evidence¶
Filiz 2019¶
Filiz, B. (2019). Using personal and social responsibility model for gaining leadership behavior in students. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 157-168. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.1.157
q2 · i3 · causal · r1
Semi-experimental pretest-posttest control group study with 55 athlete students (28 experimental, 27 control); ANCOVA on PSRB-S posttest scores controlling pretest. The article reports "the effect size is in the high level ( η2= .214)" per the Kinnear and Gray classification.
"there was a statistically significant difference between corrected posttest point averages [ F (1,52)= 14.132, p=.00, p<.05]. According to the results of the Bonferroni test, there was a significant difference between the posttest mean score of the experimental group (X=3.635) and the control group ( X=3.277) in favor of the experimental group."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Students' definitions of leadership broadened over the course of the TPSR program, from helping peers to a more comprehensive view including empathy and reassurance — related
- Students in the TPSR leadership program reported gains in self-confidence, taking responsibility, cooperation, and leading behaviors in post-program interviews — related
- The TPSR leadership program significantly improved leadership behavior scores (initiation of structure and consideration) on the LBDQ compared with the control group — related
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