Transformational leadership's protective effect against harassment operates among women but not men, while its self-efficacy effect operates among men but not women (exploratory)¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i2 Transformational leadership's effect on harassment was significant among women (β=-0.238, p<0.001) but not men (β=-0.022, n.s.); its effect on self-efficacy was significant among men (β=0.157, p<0.05) but not women (β=-0.024, n.s.). → Alave Mamani 2026

Evidence¶

Alave Mamani 2026¶

Alave Mamani, C. G., Tocto-Cano, E., Gonzales Medina, R. I., López-Gonzales, J. L., & Turpo-Chaparro, J. E. (2026). Multivariate modeling of organizational dynamics and faculty well-being in higher education. BMC Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-05450-0

q2 · i2 · associational · r2

Multigroup WLSMV SEM with free structural paths (Nmen=251, Nwomen=255), following rejection of full structural equivalence. Wald tests localised gender differences exclusively to the two transformational-leadership paths; the article reports the harassment effect "operated among women" and the efficacy effect "operated among men".

"its protective effect against harassment operated among women (β =-0.238, p0.001) but not men (β =-0.022, n.s.), whereas its effect on self-efficacy operated among men (β=0.157, p0.05) but not women (β =-0.024, n.s.)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Workplace harassment did not significantly degrade teacher self-efficacy, plausibly due to a ceiling effect — related
• Measurement invariance across gender is supported, but full structural equivalence is rejected, with differences localized to transformational-leadership paths — related
• Servant leadership exhibits complementary partial mediation via self-efficacy, whereas transformational leadership shows a small indirect-only effect — related
• Both transformational and servant leadership are negatively associated with workplace harassment among university teachers — related
• Teachers identifying as women or non-binary/third gender reported higher relationship management scores than men, while men reported higher well-being — related