VR radiopharmaceutical administration training module with clinically measured radiation field visualization¶

Element · All elements
Evidence · 6 claims (4 for, 1 mixed, 1 against) · 1 study (1 causal), q2 · 1 of 1 report an effect size · 6 claims rest on one study

Description¶

A VR training module for radiopharmaceutical administration built in Unity with a VIVE Pro Eye HMD, trackers, and VR gloves, integrating a radiation visualization system constructed from spatial dose measurements of Technetium-99m. Dose rates measured around vial and syringe were normalized and "implemented as transparent fixed objects in the VR environment," color-mapped on a logarithmic scale. Visualizations can be toggled so learners "directly compare shielding effects during task performance."

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• PC with NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080, VIVE Pro Eye HMD, VIVE Tracker 3.0 devices, SteamVR Base Station 2.0, and Vib+[L] VR gloves with the Mollisen SDK

Constraints¶

• The measured activity (68.6 MBq of ⁹⁹ᵐTc) was lower than clinical activities; the distribution was normalized to reproduce spatial distribution rather than absolute dose rates
• Spatial accuracy of the visualization was not quantitatively evaluated

Target Learners¶

• third-year undergraduate radiological technology students

Target Learning Goals¶

• radiopharmaceutical administration procedure
• radiation safety awareness
• understanding of spatial radiation dose distribution and shielding

Claims¶

• Conventional training received significantly higher ratings for perceived realism and immersion than VR-based training (r=0.774) [-W]
• No significant differences between VR-based and conventional training in operational understanding, technical skills, or system usability [~W]
• Qualitative analysis found radiation became perceptible in VR for all participants, while all reported operability differences favoring conventional training [+W]
• VR-based training with radiation field visualization received significantly higher ratings for radiation understanding and visualization than conventional training (r=0.878) [+W]
• VR-based training received significantly higher ratings for medical safety awareness and radiation protection than conventional training (r=0.856) [+W]
• VR-based training received significantly higher ratings for learning satisfaction and self-evaluation than conventional training [+W]

Related Elements¶

Examples¶

• Virtual Reality (VR) Training

Key Sources¶

• Kakimoto Akihiro, Fujise Daisuke, Watanabe Shota, Otaka Yutaka, Minemoto Sakura, Yasumatsu Ayaka, Hasegawa Shin. (2026). Development and Educational Evaluation of a Radiation Visualization System in a Virtual Reality Training Module for Radiopharmaceutical Administration: Mixed Methods Study of Students’ Learning Experiences. JMIR Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.2196/104397