Children with ADHD exhibit significantly lower visual-motor integration and math and written language achievement than Non-ADHD peers, but intact visual perception and reading¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r1 · q2 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2022 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i3 Children with ADHD scored significantly lower than Non-ADHD children on visual-motor integration (d=1.16), math (d=0.80), and written language (d=1.21), with potentially lower motor coordination (d=0.51) and no visual perception difference (d=0.03). → Carames 2022

Evidence¶

Carames 2022¶

Carames, C. N., Irwin, L. N., & Kofler, M. J. (2022). Is There a Relation Between Visual-Motor Integration and Academic Achievement in School-Aged Children with and without ADHD? Child Neuropsychology, 28(2), 224–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2021.1967913

q2 · i3 · associational · r1

Between-group comparisons (ADHD N=28, Non-ADHD N=11) from preliminary analyses of the clinically evaluated sample. ADHD group showed lower visual-motor integration (d=1.16), math (d=0.80), written language (d=1.21), potentially lower motor coordination (d=0.51), and equivalent visual perception (d=0.03).

"The ADHD group also had significantly lower math (d=0.80), written language (d = 1.21), visual-motor integration (d=1.16), and potentially lower motor coordination (d=0.51) scores, but did not differ significantly from the Non-ADHD group in terms of reading or visual perception (p>.26)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Visual Processing — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Visual-motor integration, visual perception, and motor coordination each independently predict math achievement in school-aged children with and without ADHD — related
• The integration of visual perception and motor coordination is uniquely associated with math skills but not with reading or written language — related
• Motor coordination uniquely predicts written language achievement, and ADHD symptom severity negatively predicts written language, in children with and without ADHD — related
• Better visual perception and motor coordination uniquely predict better reading skills in school-aged children with and without ADHD, controlling for IQ and ADHD symptoms — related
• Children with ADHD show lower oral contextual and non-contextual reading fluency than controls despite intact word reading — related
• Teacher-rated ADHD symptoms do not uniquely predict reading or math achievement once visual-motor subcomponents are accounted for — related
• Children with ADHD perform worse than controls on WISC-IV Coding but not on Coding Copy, indicating deficits beyond graphomotor speed — related