Cooperative learning's top rank in the broad network rests entirely on a single visual-motor integration study and disappears when that study is removed¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesis r3 · q2 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i3 In the 19-study broad network, Cooperative produced the largest estimated effect and highest P-score (0.994; SMD 3.855, 95% CI 2.141 to 5.568), but the node was defined solely by the Akil visual-motor integration study and did not constitute replicated evidence. → Tian Qi 2026

Evidence¶

Tian Qi 2026¶

Tian Qi, Liu Yaowen, Wang Ziyu, Qin Gang. (2026). Comparative effects of physical education teaching models on motor skill development in school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1905122

q2 · i3 · quant-synthesis · r3

Broad sensitivity network meta-analysis. Because Akil (39) was Cooperative's only contributing study, "its exclusion removed the Cooperative node rather than changing estimates among the remaining connected treatments." The extreme rank is a single-study artifact.

"In the 19-study broad network, Cooperative produced the largest estimated effect and the highest P-score (P-score = 0.994; SMD = 3.855, 95% CI 2.141 to 5.568), but this node was defined solely by Akil (39) and therefore did not constitute replicated evidence."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Visual Processing — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• The treatment ordering is sensitive to outcome definition, participant age, and individual studies, including the reconstructed Orangi effect — related
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• In the under-18 primary network, Hybrid TGfU-SE, Nonlinear, and Functional games are the only nodes whose estimates versus Control exclude zero, led by Hybrid TGfU-SE (SMD 1.35) — related
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