In the under-18 primary network, Hybrid TGfU-SE, Nonlinear, and Functional games are the only nodes whose estimates versus Control exclude zero, led by Hybrid TGfU-SE (SMD 1.35)¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · quant-synthesis r2 · q3 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q3 i3 In the 13-study under-18 primary network, Hybrid TGfU-SE, Nonlinear, and Functional games had positive effect estimates versus Control with 95% CIs excluding zero, with Hybrid TGfU-SE highest (P-score 0.871; SMD 1.35, 95% CI 0.60 to 2.11). → Tian Qi 2026 q3 i3 Nonlinear ranked second (P-score 0.812; SMD 1.24) and Functional games third (P-score 0.738; SMD 1.05) versus Control in the primary network. → Tian Qi 2026 (2)

Evidence¶

Tian Qi 2026¶

Tian Qi, Liu Yaowen, Wang Ziyu, Qin Gang. (2026). Comparative effects of physical education teaching models on motor skill development in school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1905122

q3 · i3 · quant-synthesis · r2

Network meta-analysis of 13 under-18 school-PE studies (random-effects, netmeta), Table 4. Hybrid TGfU-SE led: "Hybrid TGfU-SE had the highest P-score in the under-18 primary network (P-score = 0.871; SMD = 1.35, 95% CI 0.60 to 2.11)."

"Relative to Control, Hybrid TGfU-SE, Nonlinear, and Functional games had positive estimates with 95% confidence intervals that excluded zero."

Tian Qi 2026 (2)¶

q3 · i3 · quant-synthesis · r2

Same under-18 primary NMA: "Nonlinear ranked second (P-score = 0.812; SMD = 1.24, 95% CI 0.47 to 2.01), and Functional games ranked third" with SMD 1.05 (95% CI 0.32 to 1.78). Both CIs exclude zero.

"Nonlinear ranked second (P-score = 0.812; SMD = 1.24, 95% CI 0.47 to 2.01), and Functional games ranked third (P-score = 0.738; SMD = 1.05, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.78)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

Visual Processing — outcome: instruction changes it

In the adolescent subgroup network, Functional games had the highest P-score (0.830; SMD 2.568), but rankings differed by age stratum and inconsistency remained significant — related
Cooperative learning's top rank in the broad network rests entirely on a single visual-motor integration study and disappears when that study is removed — related
The primary network retains substantial heterogeneity and significant local inconsistency, with four linked node splits significant at p = 0.039 — related
Standalone serious games show large, relatively consistent effects on knowledge acquisition compared with other gamification categories — related
Traditional instruction is approximately null versus Control in the primary network, and the analysis does not support claims that every active or structured node outperforms Control — related
The treatment ordering is sensitive to outcome definition, participant age, and individual studies, including the reconstructed Orangi effect — related
Teaching Games for Understanding improves tactical decision-making more than traditional physical education instruction. — related

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`generated`	by `process:wiki-ingest` on `2026-10-31`
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