Traditional instruction is approximately null versus Control in the primary network, and the analysis does not support claims that every active or structured node outperforms Control¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesis r3 · q3 · i0 negligible
Currency · newest study 2026 · checked against its sources 2026-10-31 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i0 Traditional instruction was approximately null relative to Control (SMD -0.01, 95% CI -0.95 to 0.93), and Linear had a negative imprecise point estimate (SMD -0.45, 95% CI -1.57 to 0.66), so the primary analysis does not support the claim that every active or structured teaching node outperformed Control. → Tian Qi 2026

Evidence¶

Tian Qi 2026¶

Tian Qi, Liu Yaowen, Wang Ziyu, Qin Gang. (2026). Comparative effects of physical education teaching models on motor skill development in school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1905122

q3 · i0 · quant-synthesis · r3

Under-18 primary network meta-analysis results section. The authors conclude: "The primary analysis therefore does not support the earlier claim that every active or structured teaching node outperformed Control." Traditional's SMD versus Control was approximately null.

"Traditional was approximately null relative to Control (SMD = –0.01, 95% CI –0.95 to 0.93), while Linear had a negative point estimate with substantial uncertainty (SMD = –0.45, 95% CI –1.57 to 0.66)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Visual Processing — outcome: instruction changes it
• Social Supports — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• The primary network retains substantial heterogeneity and significant local inconsistency, with four linked node splits significant at p = 0.039 — related
• In the under-18 primary network, Hybrid TGfU-SE, Nonlinear, and Functional games are the only nodes whose estimates versus Control exclude zero, led by Hybrid TGfU-SE (SMD 1.35) — related
• Teaching Games for Understanding improves tactical decision-making more than traditional physical education instruction. — related
• Cooperative learning's top rank in the broad network rests entirely on a single visual-motor integration study and disappears when that study is removed — related
• In the adolescent subgroup network, Functional games had the highest P-score (0.830; SMD 2.568), but rankings differed by age stratum and inconsistency remained significant — related
• The treatment ordering is sensitive to outcome definition, participant age, and individual studies, including the reconstructed Orangi effect — related