College enrollment gaps by race, gender, and socioeconomic background among CPS graduates were driven primarily by differences in four-year enrollment¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (3 entries) · associational r1–r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2017 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 3 of 3 entries) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Black and Latino graduates in 2015 had overall enrollment rates 15 to 25 percentage points lower than their White and Asian counterparts, a wider gap than seen nationally. → Coca 2017 q2 i? Latino graduates had the lowest four-year enrollment among their gender groups and the highest two-year enrollment, while the gender gap was most pronounced for Black graduates and least for Latino graduates. → Coca 2017 (2) q2 i? Graduates from low median family income census blocks enrolled in four-year colleges at rates 16 percentage points lower than peers from high-income blocks (39 versus 55 percent), while two-year rates were nearly the same (18 versus 17 percent). → Coca 2017 (3)

Evidence¶

Coca 2017¶

Coca, V.M., Nagaoka, J., & Seeskin, A. (2017). Patterns of two-year and four-year college enrollment among Chicago Public Schools graduates. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Consortium on School Research. https://toandthrough.uchicago.edu/tool

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Descriptive disaggregation of 2015 CPS enrollment by race/ethnicity in Chapter 2, Figure 3. The report states the Chicago gap was much wider than the roughly 2-to-7-point gaps seen nationally.

"Black and Latino graduates from the class of 2015 had rates of overall college enrollment that ranged from 15 to 25 percentage points lower than their respective White and Asian counterparts"

Coca 2017 (2)¶

Coca, V.M., Nagaoka, J., & Seeskin, A. (2017). Patterns of two-year and four-year college enrollment among Chicago Public Schools graduates. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Consortium on School Research. https://toandthrough.uchicago.edu/tool

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Chapter 2 analysis of enrollment by race/ethnicity and gender. The report also notes more Latino graduates attended two-year colleges than Black, White, and Asian graduates, and that the gender gap ranged from 10 points for Black to 6 points for Latino graduates.

"The differences in CPS graduates' enrollment rates by race/ethnicity were primarily driven by four-year college enrollment rates. Latino graduates had the lowest rates of four-year college enrollment in comparison to the rates of other racial/ethnic groups in their respective gender group."

Coca 2017 (3)¶

Coca, V.M., Nagaoka, J., & Seeskin, A. (2017). Patterns of two-year and four-year college enrollment among Chicago Public Schools graduates. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Consortium on School Research. https://toandthrough.uchicago.edu/tool

q2 · i? · associational · r1

Chapter 2 analysis using census-block median family income as a proxy for socioeconomic background, shown in Figure 4. The report cautions this proxy likely makes the enrollment gap an underestimate.

"The share of CPS graduates from low median family income census blocks who enrolled in a four-year college was 16 percentage points lower than their peers from high median family income census blocks (39 percent vs. 55 percent, respectively), while two-year enrollment rates were nearly the same (18 percent vs. 17 percent, respectively)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Socioeconomic Status — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause
• Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause

Related Claims¶

• School test score averages are strongly related to the income of the families a school serves — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it
• Young women were more likely than young men to both immediately enroll in and persist through college, in both four-year and two-year colleges — related
• The 2017 CPS Bachelor's Degree Attainment Index is estimated at 19 percent, up from 11 percent in 2006, with the Direct Bachelor's DAI at 17 percent — related
• Attainment indices vary sharply by race/ethnicity and gender: Black young men face a projected PAI of 12.6 percent versus 62.0 percent for Asian/Pacific Islander young women — related
• Latino CPS graduates who aspire to a four-year degree are least likely to plan to attend a four-year college after graduation — related
• San Diego regional data show STEM access and pay remain inequitable by race, socioeconomic status, and gender — related
• Black students from high-SES families enroll at highly selective colleges at far lower rates than White peers of similar SES — related
• Pre-kindergarten attendance predicts college enrollment across racial and ethnic groups, most strongly four-year enrollment among Black and Hispanic students — related
• Chicago graduates who enrolled in the most popular colleges had lower adjusted graduation rates than similar Chicago students who enrolled elsewhere — related
• College completion among immediate enrollees in the CPS class of 2015 shows large race/ethnicity and gender gaps, with fewer than a third of Black and Latino young men completing a bachelor's degree — related
• College completion among CPS 2017 immediate enrollees shows large disparities by race/ethnicity and gender, with fewer than one-third of Black and Latino young men completing a bachelor's degree — related
• Low-income urban students complete college-application steps at far lower rates than suburban peers with similar aspirations — related