Claims

Black, Hispanic, and poverty students enrolled in charter schools show stronger growth trends than the same subgroups citywide in several cities

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2022 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i? Black students in charter schools in cities such as Denver, Indianapolis, Kansas City, and San Antonio show stronger performance trends than Black students citywide; in most cities Hispanic charter students perform better than Hispanic students in the state and show stronger growth than Hispanic students citywide; charter students in poverty tend to perform better than students in poverty statewide, with stronger growth than citywide peers in poverty reported for Indianapolis and Kansas City and upward trends in San Antonio and St. Louis. → Margaret E. Raymond 2022

Evidence

Margaret E. Raymond 2022

Margaret E. Raymond, Won Fy Lee. (2022). City Studies Project Meta-Analysis by CREDO of Stanford University: Cohort 1 Cities. Center for Research on Education Outcomes, Stanford University. https://credo.stanford.edu/city-studies/

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Section 3 summary comparing charter subgroup growth trends (Black, Hispanic, poverty, ELL, special education) to the citywide subgroup trends in sections 2.3-2.7. For Black students the report states that charter-enrolled students "have shown stronger performance trends than the Black students as a whole in those cities"; for Hispanic students and students in poverty it compares both performance levels (against the state) and growth (against the city), and names fewer cities for poverty. These are comparative observational trends; they do not show that charter enrolment caused the differences.

"Black students enrolled in charter schools in cities such as Denver, Indianapolis, Kansas City, and San Antonio have shown stronger performance trends than the Black students as a whole in those cities."

Discussion

Page metadata
Field Value
type claim
id credo-cohort1-charter-subgroup-stronger-growth
title Black, Hispanic, and poverty students enrolled in charter schools show stronger growth trends than the same subgroups citywide in several cities
description Black, Hispanic, and poverty students enrolled in charter schools show stronger growth trends than the same subgroups citywide in several cities
status review
evidence_strength moderate
newest_evidence 2022
source_checked 2026-10-20
generated by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-08
trust unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
sources 1 — margaret-e-raymond-2022

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