Educational programmes are consistently associated with statistically significant improvements in nurses' knowledge of diabetic foot care across nine quasi-experimental studies, with very low certainty of evidence¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · reviewr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? All nine included quasi-experimental studies reported statistically significant improvements in nurses' knowledge following educational programme delivery, though certainty was rated very low. → Al‐Me'ani Mohammad 2026
Evidence¶
Al‐Me'ani Mohammad 2026¶
Al‐Me'ani Mohammad, Alqaisi Omar, Dibas Mohammed, Al‐Aaraj Heyam, Rubbai Yousef. (2026). Effectiveness of Educational Programmes on Knowledge and Practice Related to Diabetic Foot Care Among Nurses: A Systematic Review. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70324
q3 · i? · review · r2
Systematic review narrative synthesis of nine quasi-experimental studies; knowledge outcomes were assessed in all nine studies. The review reports that improvements occurred "regardless of country, clinical setting or programme format", but no pooled effect size was calculated due to heterogeneity.
"All nine included studies reported statistically significant improvements in nurses' knowledge and/or practice following educational programme delivery, regardless of country, clinical setting or programme format"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- The overall certainty of evidence for educational programme effects on nurses' knowledge and practice is very low (GRADE), driven by bias, inconsistency and imprecision — a broader claim this one bears on
- Educational programmes are associated with significant improvements in nurses' diabetic foot care practice, measured in seven of the nine included studies — related
- Nurses begin with low baseline knowledge of diabetic foot care, and educational qualifications may moderate post-training knowledge gains — related
- An interactive workshop produced higher post-test knowledge scores than an e-learning course of equivalent content among nurses — related
- Post-intervention knowledge and practice scores are positively correlated, suggesting education should be designed to bridge the knowledge-practice gap — related
- No included comparative study assessed patient-based clinical outcomes, patient acceptability of care, or staff resource time — related
- Certainty of evidence for narrative medicine education effects is rated very low under GRADE — related
- Many nurses in SSA have adequate knowledge of diabetes self-management support and care in some studies — related
- Only two studies evaluated learning outcomes, with small improvements and very low to moderate certainty — related
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