In Experiment 1, participants in both groups were significantly biased towards excessive reminder use relative to the optimal strategy¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr?·q3·i1small
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i1 One-sample tests showed reminder bias significantly above zero in both the feedback and no-feedback groups, replicating the pro-reminder bias found in prior optimal offloading studies. → Ceri Ngai and Sam J. Gilbert 2026
Evidence¶
Ceri Ngai and Sam J. Gilbert 2026¶
Ceri Ngai and Sam J. Gilbert (2026). Metacognitive training facilitates optimal cognitive offloading. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-026-00714-0
q3 · i1 · causal · r?
One-sample t-tests against zero reminder bias in Experiment 1 (N = 164). "both groups chose to set reminders on more trials than was optimal" (feedback d = .367; no-feedback d = .702), consistent with prior studies cited in the introduction.
"Two-tailed one-sample t-tests showed that participants in both the feedback group (t(81) = 3.22, p = .002, d = .367) and in the no-feedback group (t(81) = 6.35, p < .001, d = .702) were significantly biased towards reminders, showing that both groups chose to set reminders on more trials than was optimal."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- In Experiment 1, lower confidence predicted greater offloading beyond objective performance in the no-feedback group, but not in the feedback group — related
- In Experiment 1, a five-trial metacognitive prediction-plus-feedback intervention significantly reduced reminder bias, producing more optimal reminder-setting behaviour — related
- Individuals systematically overuse reminders relative to the optimal offloading level, and reminder bias correlates with confidence and metacognitive bias — a broader claim this one bears on
- Older adults show reduced reminder bias relative to objective need despite setting more reminders — related
- Effort avoidance contributes to reminder overuse beyond metacognitive error — related
- Participants show a significant reminder bias (overuse of reminders relative to the optimal strategy) when reminders are framed as gains — related
- Individuals show a systematic positive reminder bias, setting more reminders than optimal — a broader claim this one bears on
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
excessive-reminder-bias-both-groups-exp1 |
title |
In Experiment 1, participants in both groups were significantly biased towards excessive reminder use relative to the optimal strategy |
description |
In Experiment 1, participants in both groups were significantly biased towards excessive reminder use relative to the optimal strategy |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2026 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-11 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — ceri-ngai-and-sam-j-gilbert-2026 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.