Including SES and offspring genome in the same model reduces the education PGS effect by more than 20% and SES effects by about 10–15%, implying 20–30% of parental SES effects are genomic¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2022 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? When both predictor sets are in the model, both remain significant but estimates are reduced; the reductions are interpreted as upward biases from uncontrolled parental genomes. → Guang Guo 2022

Evidence¶

Guang Guo 2022¶

Guang Guo, Meng-Jung Lin and Kathleen Mullan Harris. (2022). Socioeconomic and genomic roots of verbal ability from current evidence. npj Science of Learning 7:22. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-022-00137-8

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Comparison of Table 4 (SES + PGS) with Tables 2 and 3 in the combined sample. The article reports the education PGS reduction exceeds 20% (2.27 to 1.73) and SES coefficient reductions of about 10–15% (e.g., mother's college degree 5.65 to 4.98, an 11.8% reduction).

"The reduction in the education PGS is more than 20% and the reduction in the ability PGS is about 7%. These reductions may be interpreted as the upward biases when parental genomic effects are not controlled. The reduction in the SES effects is about 10 –15%"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Socioeconomic Status — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause

Related Claims¶

• A positive G×E interaction between the education PGS and SES indicates a favorable SES environment enhances the effect of offspring genome — related
• Incremental R2s for offspring genome, genomic component in parental SES, and environmental SES are about 1.5%, 1.5%, and 7.8%, yielding total genomic R2 of 3% and environmental R2 of 7.8% — related
• Education and cognitive-ability polygenic scores significantly predict verbal ability, with the education PGS far more robust — related
• Children in higher SES families have higher average polygenic scores for educational attainment — related
• Parental SES context significantly and simultaneously predicts youth verbal ability in Add Health, with mother's education the largest SES coefficient — related