Parental SES context significantly and simultaneously predicts youth verbal ability in Add Health, with mother's education the largest SES coefficient¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2022 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? In multilevel models without genomic measures, all social-contextual characteristics except mother's occupation significantly predict verbal ability in expected directions. → Guang Guo 2022

Evidence¶

Guang Guo 2022¶

Guang Guo, Meng-Jung Lin and Kathleen Mullan Harris. (2022). Socioeconomic and genomic roots of verbal ability from current evidence. npj Science of Learning 7:22. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-022-00137-8

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Multilevel (3-level) models of Wave-1 and Wave-3 verbal ability in the combined whites and Hispanic whites Add Health sample (N = 7194; OLS R2 0.199). The article reports mother's college degree associated with "5.65 points higher on verbal ability"; household income top 20% scores 3.88 points higher; neighborhood disadvantage one SD decrease of 0.60 point.

"individuals whose mothers have at least a college degree score 5.65 points higher on verbal ability than those whose mothers have an education less than high school. Those whose fathers have at least a college degree score 1.96 points higher"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Socioeconomic Status — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause

Related Claims¶

• Incremental R2s for offspring genome, genomic component in parental SES, and environmental SES are about 1.5%, 1.5%, and 7.8%, yielding total genomic R2 of 3% and environmental R2 of 7.8% — related
• Conditional on Wave-1 verbal ability, years of schooling by Wave 3 and Wave-1 neighborhood disadvantage remain significant predictors of Wave-3 verbal ability — related
• Including SES and offspring genome in the same model reduces the education PGS effect by more than 20% and SES effects by about 10–15%, implying 20–30% of parental SES effects are genomic — related
• Education and cognitive-ability polygenic scores significantly predict verbal ability, with the education PGS far more robust — related
• A positive G×E interaction between the education PGS and SES indicates a favorable SES environment enhances the effect of offspring genome — related