Metacognitive confidence triggers intention offloading independently of objective memory need¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r3 · q2
Currency · newest study 2023 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Metacognitive interventions shifting confidence shift reminder bias, mediated by confidence, without affecting unaided accuracy. → Gilbert 2023

Evidence¶

Gilbert 2023¶

Gilbert, S. J., Boldt, A., Sachdeva, C., Scarampi, C., & Tsai, P.-C. (2023). Outsourcing Memory to External Tools: A Review of 'Intention Offloading'. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-022-02139-4

q2 · i? · review · r3

The review reports Gilbert et al. (2020, Experiment 3), which manipulated practice-trial difficulty and feedback valence; mediation analysis showed shifts in reminder bias were mediated by shifts in confidence. No effect size is printed.

"Results showed that the metacognitive interventions influenced confidence: Partici - pants were significantly more confident after receiving posi- tive feedback, and when they received easy practice trials. However, there was no effect on objective accuracy."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• In Experiment 1, lower confidence predicted greater offloading beyond objective performance in the no-feedback group, but not in the feedback group — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Metacognitive evaluations of effort and performance, rather than objective performance, drive spontaneous offloading — a broader claim this one bears on
• Individuals systematically overuse reminders relative to the optimal offloading level, and reminder bias correlates with confidence and metacognitive bias — related
• Feedback interventions show phase-specific effects: advice feedback reduces reminder bias, but ranking feedback alters beliefs without increasing offloading — related
• Offloading attenuates individual differences linked to unaided ability — related
• Task accuracy is far higher with reminders than internal memory and is unaffected by reminder framing — related
• The more underconfident participants are about their memory abilities, the larger their reminder bias, regardless of framing — related
• External reminders dramatically reduce forgetting of delayed intentions — related
• Metacognitive confidence about credit correlates with financial behaviors and advice giving, but knowledge performance does not correlate with behavior — related
• Both performance-oriented goals and effort minimization motivate offloading, and effort's effect disappears when performance monitoring is considered simultaneously — related
• Framing adds an additive predictive value to the reminder bias beyond participants' internal metacognitive bias — related
• Difficulty and value of to-be-learned items determine which items children offload — related