The more underconfident participants are about their memory abilities, the larger their reminder bias, regardless of framing¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr3·q3·i1small
Currency · newest study 2022 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
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q3 i1 Participants were significantly underconfident about both internal memory (d = 0.21) and reminder accuracy (d = 0.75). → Lea Fröscher 2022
Evidence¶
Lea Fröscher 2022¶
Lea Fröscher, Ann‑Kathrin Friedrich, Max Berentelg, Curtis Widmer, Sam J. Gilbert and Frank Papenmeier. (2022). Framing cognitive offloading in terms of gains or losses: achieving a more optimal use of reminders. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-022-00416-3
q3 · i1 · causal · r3
Experiment 2 one-sample t tests against zero on internal and external metacognitive bias scores showed participants were "significantly underconfident about their memory abilities and their accuracy using reminders" (printed effect size d = 0.21 internal, a small effect; d = 0.75 external). The authors note this replicates the negative relationship found in Gilbert et al. (2020).
"Both the internal, t(299) = − 3.65, p < 0.001, d = 0.21, and external, t(299) = − 12.96, p < 0.001, d = 0.75, metacognitive bias scores were significant"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Framing adds an additive predictive value to the reminder bias beyond participants' internal metacognitive bias — related
- Participants still offload more than optimal under loss framing — related
- Metacognitive confidence triggers intention offloading independently of objective memory need — related
- External reminders dramatically reduce forgetting of delayed intentions — related
- Individuals show a systematic positive reminder bias, setting more reminders than optimal — related
- Framing reminders as losses reduces, but does not eliminate or reverse, the reminder bias in both between- and within-participants designs — related
- Learners generally underestimate how fast they will learn word pairs, and this underconfidence is larger for low-variability lists — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
underconfidence-predicts-reminder-bias |
title |
The more underconfident participants are about their memory abilities, the larger their reminder bias, regardless of framing |
description |
The more underconfident participants are about their memory abilities, the larger their reminder bias, regardless of framing |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2022 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-16 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — lea-fröscher-2022 |
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