Framing adds an additive predictive value to the reminder bias beyond participants' internal metacognitive bias¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2022 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Mixed-effects model comparison showed internal metacognitive bias predicted reminder bias and framing improved fit further, while the bias × framing interaction did not improve fit. → Lea Fröscher 2022

Evidence¶

Lea Fröscher 2022¶

Lea Fröscher, Ann‑Kathrin Friedrich, Max Berentelg, Curtis Widmer, Sam J. Gilbert and Frank Papenmeier. (2022). Framing cognitive offloading in terms of gains or losses: achieving a more optimal use of reminders. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-022-00416-3

q3 · i? · causal · r3

Exploratory mixed-effects models on Experiment 2 reminder bias scores with random participant intercepts: adding internal metacognitive bias improved fit (χ2(1) = 9.29, p = 0.002), adding framing improved fit further, χ2(1) = 23.51, p < 0.001, and the interaction did not (χ2(1) = 0.09, p = 0.761). The article concludes "framing adds an additive predictive value to the reminder bias" beyond metacognitive miscalibration. No standardized effect size is printed, so impact is null.

"Again, a likelihood-ratio test revealed significant differences, χ 2(1) = 23.51, p < 0.001. We thus selected the model with the two fixed factors and compared it with a model including the interaction of internal metacognitive bias and framing as the third fixed effect (AIC: 2603.60), with no significant differences between the models"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• The more underconfident participants are about their memory abilities, the larger their reminder bias, regardless of framing — related
• Individuals systematically overuse reminders relative to the optimal offloading level, and reminder bias correlates with confidence and metacognitive bias — related
• In Experiment 1, lower confidence predicted greater offloading beyond objective performance in the no-feedback group, but not in the feedback group — related
• Participants show a significant reminder bias (overuse of reminders relative to the optimal strategy) when reminders are framed as gains — related
• Task accuracy is far higher with reminders than internal memory and is unaffected by reminder framing — related
• Metacognitive confidence triggers intention offloading independently of objective memory need — related
• Framing reminders as losses reduces, but does not eliminate or reverse, the reminder bias in both between- and within-participants designs — related