At Time 3, profile membership was significantly associated with Japanese learning self-efficacy and learning burnout, with all three profiles differing pairwise¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Self-efficacy increased progressively from maladaptive (M = 3.94) to moderate (M = 4.61) to positive adaptation (M = 5.11), Wald χ²(2) = 42.13, p < 0.001, with all pairwise differences significant. → Wu Y 2026

Evidence¶

Wu Y 2026¶

Wu Y (2026) Profiles and transitions of psychological adaptation in AI-assisted Japanese language learning. Front. Psychol. 17:1837484. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1837484

q3 · i? · associational · r2

BCH-adjusted Wald tests of Time 3 distal outcomes across profiles, accounting for classification uncertainty; all three profiles differed significantly from one another in self-efficacy, increasing progressively from maladaptive to positive adaptation. Table 8 gives the omnibus statistic as a Wald chi-square with two degrees of freedom, χ²Wald(2) = 42.13; the text below labels the same value F.

"For Japanese learning self- efficacy, the omnibus test was significant, F = 42.13, p < 0.001. Learners in the positive adaptation profile reported the highest level of self-efficacy (M = 5.11), followed by those in the moderate adaptation profile (M = 4.61), whereas those in the maladaptive adaptation profile reported the lowest level (M = 3.94)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Higher self-rated Japanese proficiency, more frequent AI use, and prior AI-related training predicted membership in the positive versus maladaptive adaptation profile at Time 1 — related
• Three latent profiles of psychological adaptation to AI-assisted Japanese learning (maladaptive, moderate, positive) are identified at each of three waves — related
• Positive adaptation showed the highest temporal stability while maladaptive adaptation was the least stable profile across the semester — related
• AI dependency is positively associated with learning burnout among university students — related
• Adult learners' motivational profiles differ significantly in self-efficacy, learning strategies and behavioral engagement: the good-quality motivation group scores higher on all three, the high-quantity group on strategies and engagement only — related
• Latent career adapt-abilities profiles differ strongly in core self-evaluations, with a stepwise increase across low, moderate, and high groups — related
• Lower academic self-efficacy is associated with membership of three less engaged momentary-engagement profiles and lower peer support with two, while educational goals and family support do not differ across the four profiles tested — related
• Maladaptive motivational profiles are associated with less time on task and lower cognitive task achievement — related