Participants still offload more than optimal under loss framing¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r3 · q3 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2022 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i2 Reminder bias under loss framing was significantly greater than zero in Experiment 1 (dz = 0.41) and Experiment 2 (d = 0.25), so loss framing did not achieve fully optimal offloading. → Lea Fröscher 2022

Evidence¶

Lea Fröscher 2022¶

Lea Fröscher, Ann‑Kathrin Friedrich, Max Berentelg, Curtis Widmer, Sam J. Gilbert and Frank Papenmeier. (2022). Framing cognitive offloading in terms of gains or losses: achieving a more optimal use of reminders. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-022-00416-3

q3 · i2 · causal · r3

Experiment 1 preregistered one-tailed paired t tests (OIPs vs AIPs) showed the loss-condition reminder bias remained significant, t(77) = 3.60, p < 0.001, dz = 0.41 (printed effect size dz = 0.41, a medium effect); the article states "participants still offloaded more than optimal also under loss framing".

"the reminder bias was still significant both in the gain, t(62) = 6.49, p < 0.001, dz = 0.82, and loss condition, t(77) = 3.60, p < 0.001, dz = 0.41."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Framing reminders as losses reduces, but does not eliminate or reverse, the reminder bias in both between- and within-participants designs — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)
• Participants show a significant reminder bias (overuse of reminders relative to the optimal strategy) when reminders are framed as gains — related
• The more underconfident participants are about their memory abilities, the larger their reminder bias, regardless of framing — related
• Individuals systematically overuse reminders relative to the optimal offloading level, and reminder bias correlates with confidence and metacognitive bias — a broader claim this one bears on
• Effort avoidance contributes to reminder overuse beyond metacognitive error — related
• Task accuracy is far higher with reminders than internal memory and is unaffected by reminder framing — related