Most proposed constructs showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha above 0.70) but control variables did not and were removed¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Perceived enjoyment, PU, PEoU, perceived risk, attitude, behavioural intention, and facilitating conditions each exceeded Cronbach's alpha of 0.70. → Zhanni Luo 2024 q2 i? Control variables had low internal reliability (α = .586) and their three items were removed. → Zhanni Luo 2024 (2)

Evidence¶

Zhanni Luo 2024¶

Zhanni Luo. (2024). Factors contributing to teachers' acceptance intention to gamified EFL tools: a scale development study. Education Tech Research Dev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-023-10249-6

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Reliability analysis (Cronbach's alpha) on the complete dataset (N = 512). The article reports alphas for seven constructs, all above the 0.70 threshold. These are reliability coefficients, not effect sizes.

"Specifically, perceived enjoyment (α = .870), perceived usefulness (α = .916), perceived ease of use (α = .916), perceived risk (α = .825), attitude (α = .836), behavioural intention (α = .787), and facilitating conditions (α = .747) showed high internal consistency."

Zhanni Luo 2024 (2)¶

Zhanni Luo. (2024). Factors contributing to teachers' acceptance intention to gamified EFL tools: a scale development study. Education Tech Research Dev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-023-10249-6

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Same reliability analysis on the N = 512 survey dataset. The control-variable items printed α = .586, below threshold, and the article states the three items were removed.

"However, the control variables had a relatively low internal reliability (α = .586). Therefore, the three items corresponding to the control variables were removed."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• In the EFA with 512 secondary school teachers, only two factors (PU and PEoU) were extracted from the proposed six-factor acceptance framework — related
• Perceived enjoyment merged statistically with PU, and perceived risks merged with PEoU, indicating face-validity problems for the proposed constructs — related
• Attitude, facilitating conditions, and social influence correlate most strongly with behavioral intention, while perceived ease of use correlates weakest — related
• The survey instrument's nine constructs show convergent and discriminant validity in this sample — reports the opposite
• Item reduction produced a validated five-item PU scale (α = 0.899) and a six-item PEoU scale for gamified EFL contexts — related