The percentage of students who stay at risk across time periods increases across grade levels K–3¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 2023 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Among students with at least two scores, 51 percent of kindergarten students at risk at BOY were also at risk at EOY, compared to 67 percent for grade 3. → Lemke 2023

Evidence¶

Lemke 2023¶

Lemke, M., Murphy, D., Soo Ping Chow, A., Spencer, H., & Zhang, A. (2023). Supporting students early: Findings from initial analysis of student progress in early literacy in Massachusetts. WestEd. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED638614

q2 · i? · associational · r1

Table 1 of the brief, based on 2020/21 and 2021/22 district-provided screening data, shows persistence rising monotonically by grade: "51 percent of kindergarten students" versus 67 percent for grade 3, with grades 1 and 2 at 58 and 67 percent.

"51 percent of kindergarten students who were at risk at BOY were also at risk at EOY, compared to 67 percent for grade 3"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Age and Developmental Stage — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Most students identified as significantly below benchmark on early literacy screeners remain significantly below benchmark 1 and 2 years later — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it
• Kindergarten students showed the largest BOY-to-EOY decline in significant risk identification, dropping 21 percentage points — related
• Most students at risk at BOY remain at risk later, but students who meet benchmark by midyear tend to stay on track — related
• Across grades K–3, the percentage of students below literacy benchmarks decreases more from BOY to EOY in earlier grades than in grade 3 — related
• Risk status tends to persist: 75 percent of students significantly below benchmark at BOY remained so at EOY, and earlier grades showed lower year-to-year persistence — related
• English learners' progress beyond the significant risk level differed by test language: 21 percent stayed above threshold in English and 19 percent improved to it, versus 11 percent improving in Spanish — related
• About 60 percent of students significantly below benchmark at BOY remained so at EOY, and improving to benchmark by MOY predicted meeting benchmark at EOY — related