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VAK model: learning structured around visual, auditory, and kinesthetic styles in four steps

Design · All designs
Evidence · 1 claim (1 for) · 1 study (1 causal), q2 · 1 of 1 report an effect size · 1 claim rests on one study

Description

The VAK model "combines three learning styles namely learning by seeing (visual), learning by listening (auditory) and learning by motion and emotions (kinesthetic)", giving students flexibility to use one, two, or all three styles. In this study it was implemented in language learning through four steps: "preparation, delivery, training, and the display of results". In the delivery step teachers used powerpoints and videos for visual and auditory learners and had students demonstrate experiences for kinesthetic learners; the training step used group discussion and brief narrative drafting; the final step shared and consolidated discussion results.

Design Implications

Context

Requirements

  • Teachers prepare learning devices, condition the class, and motivate students in the preparation step
  • Media such as powerpoints and learning videos, plus demonstration and discussion activities matched to the three styles

Constraints

  • The article notes some students with auditory styles may find it difficult to decipher a series of phonemes quickly, so linguistic intelligence "will not be maximized" in that part

Target Learners

  • fifth-grade primary school students

Learning Goals

  • narrative writing skills
  • language learning

Claims

Examples

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Key Sources

  • Kusumawarti, E., Subiyantoro, S., & Rukayah. (2020). The Effectiveness of Visualization, Auditory, Kinesthetic (VAK) Model toward Writing Narrative: Linguistic Intelligence Perspective. International Journal of Instruction, 13(4), 677-694. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13442a
Page metadata
Field Value
type design
id vak-learning-model-four-steps
title VAK model: learning structured around visual, auditory, and kinesthetic styles in four steps
description The VAK model "combines three learning styles namely learning by seeing (visual), learning by listening (auditory) and learning by motion and emotions (kinesthetic)", giving students flexibility to use one, two, or al...
status review
generated by process:settle-candidates on 2026-11-02
trust unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
sources 1 — kusumawarti-2020

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