Designs¶

Designs for a particular setting, course, population or product: what a design uses the general patterns for. A pattern is general across contexts; a design is not.

1022 entries · 0 stable · 1022 in review · 0 drafts

In Review¶

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A¶

A co-orchestration technology ecosystem combining intelligent tutoring systems, peer tutoring, and a teacher-facing orchestration tool. - The article describes a technology ecosystem for dynamic combinations of individual and collaborative learning.
A conceptual design framework for PST collaborative inquiry combining knowledge building principles with collaborative-analytics reflective assessment - The article proposes a conceptual and design framework in which knowledge building principles emphasise \"epistemic agency, idea improvement, community knowledge and transformative assessment\" and PSTs take epistemic a...
A design-oriented pedagogical framework for integrating LLMs to scaffold critical thinking in higher education - The article proposes a normative, design-oriented framework grounded in Design-Based Research, instructional-design theory, AI ethics and Freirean critical pedagogy.
A five-phase lesson structure for metacognitive strategy instruction on divergent thinking - The intervention lesson followed a structured sequence of five phases: (1) orientation on metacognitive knowledge activating prior conceptions of creativity, (2) metacognitive strategy instruction exemplifying diverge...
A four-part test battery measuring tension, perseverance, environmental assimilation, and aggression - The article describes a battery administered to 87 summoned students to probe factors behind intelligence–scholarship discrepancy.
A model linking Australian and institutional quality expectations to GenAI realities in Malaysian-campus journalism education - The article contributes \"a model that links Australian and institutional quality expectations to the realities of GenAI in journalism education in Malaysia campus.\" The model connects external quality assurance requir...
A model of twelve divergent thinking activities organised along two dimensions of remoteness and abstractness - The article presents a matrix of twelve divergent thinking activities organised along two dimensions: remoteness (the metaphorical distance from a stimulus, running from free association to bisociation) and abstractne...
A multi-step reading lesson pattern: skimming and scanning, structured comprehension exercises, and teacher-read-aloud vocabulary clarification - The article describes a lesson pattern used with an upper-intermediate reading passage on legendary places.
A predictable set of educator teams — freshman success, instructional leadership, postsecondary leadership, senior leadership, and care — drives improvement in NCS partner high schools - The paper describes the teaming structures used to drive improvement in NCS partner high schools, where visiting educators would likely find a predictable set of teams.
A student-informed conceptual framework for integrating GenAI education throughout business degree programmes - The article presents a new conceptual framework for integrating GenAI education throughout business degree programmes.
A taxonomy of 17 cognitively-grounded flashcard interaction types across three learning categories - Memdora's central design contribution is a taxonomy of 17 interaction types across three learning categories: Language (6 types), By Heart (1 type with 3 retrieval modes), and Exam (10 types).
A three-stage design space for hybrid control in dynamic pairing: before, during, and after pairing up. - The article organizes the dynamic pairing process into a design space of control distribution across three stages: \"Stage 1—Before Pairing Up, Stage 2—During Pairing Up(pairing, collaboration, and unpairing), andStage...
A2PL three-level intervention design: Person, Task, and Person x Task levels - The A2PL intervention operates at three levels.
A4L Analytics Pipeline - The A4L Analytics Pipeline is a component of the Architecture for AI-Augmented Learning that performs statistical analyses on learner interaction data from educational AI assistants.
Accelerated middle schools share a common design: thematic cross-subject linking, experiential instruction, smaller classes, and added academic and social supports - Despite varying somewhat in instructional approach, the programs share several common design elements: \"Classes are often linked thematically across multiple subjects\"; instruction is \"more experiential and 'hands on'...
ACE's Dynamic Bayesian Network student model with gaze-shift and time nodes as independent predictors of implicit self-explanation - ACE's student model is a Dynamic Bayesian Network that assesses exploratory behavior at multiple levels of granularity (exploration cases, exercises, units, and categories) together with knowledge nodes.
Active Learning Framework: pre-workshop, active workshop and post-workshop consolidation replacing lecture-tutorial format - The Active Learning Framework (ALF) is the delivery pattern that operationalises the model on the Moodle LMS for face-to-face and online students.
Adaptive game-based design combining scaffolding, embedded assessment, and narrative engagement - The program's design pattern combines a math curriculum with adaptive game-based learning: each game activity maps to a learning objective with \"an interactive instruction level, as well as several layers of scaffoldi...
Adaptive Virtual Patient framework: separating behavioral state transitions from language generation - The AVP framework inserts an explicit behavioral-state module between the trainee's turn and the virtual patient's reply: LLM evaluators score empathy and exploration each turn, a dynamics module accumulates the score...
ADDIE-based orchestration framework for curriculum-aligned LLM lesson generation with teacher validation gates - ConnectED uses the ADDIE instructional design model as a unifying orchestration layer, using \"ADDIE to structure instructional reasoning, decompose pedagogical goals, and control generation flow\" rather than treating...
Admission structured as a rite of passage combining rituals and constructivist therapy - The article's organizing pattern treats residential admission as a rite of passage rather than an event, integrating Van Gennep's phases with constructivist therapy.
Adopted instructional materials should reflect learning principles, pupil maturity, major cultures, varied teaching methods, and individual differences - The framework's philosophy section sets criteria for what adopted courses and materials should reflect.
Adult narrative comprehension gesture observation-and-production experiment - An experimental study with adult learners that manipulated gesture observation (typical versus atypical gestures) and gesture production to test their roles in narrative comprehension.
After-school mathematics clubs as counter spaces using home language, community, and knowledge as learning resources - The after-school mathematics clubs were designed as alternative learning environments that 'explicitly defined and utilized students' home language, communities, and knowledge as learning resources.' They offered coll...
AI book discussion companion: a fixed peer-role conversational agent using Whisper speech-to-text and GPT-3.5 - A conversational AI system developed by the research team for elementary book talk.
AI Co-Creators project - The AI Co-Creators project is a student-staff co-creation initiative exploring generative AI in higher education assessments.
AI Expert Feedback Ecology: a closed-loop cognition framework linking AI Twins, AI Tutors, dashboards, and learners - The article defines the AI Expert Feedback Ecology as \"a closed-loop educational ecosystem in which AI Twins, AI tutors, dashboards, and learners continuously interact through cognition-aware feedback processes.\" AI T...
AI guardrails policy set for PBL courses - A five-part guardrail package governing student GenAI use in PBL courses: tool restrictions, data protection, disclosure and validation, code provenance, and equity of access.
AI Study Coach: a notebook-embedded scaffolded AI tutor with two modes and four session constraints - The AI Study Coach is an AI tool built into Jupyter-notebook laboratory sessions so students can consult it without leaving the task.
AI teaching technology stack: dashboard, reinforcement-learning feedback, and LLM-based semantic assessment - The article specifies the implemented technologies behind the smart teaching ecosystem.
AI-as-learning-companion: leveraging LLM fallibility through a critique-refinement cycle to develop higher-order thinking - The paper's central framework reframes generative AI errors and hallucinations as a pedagogical resource rather than a limitation.
AI-assisted inquiry condition in which a conversational AI partner is embedded in climate-change inquiry - The experimental condition embedded a conversational generative AI partner within inquiry-based learning on climate change, a socio-scientific issue.
AI-assisted lab manual design project in analytical chemistry laboratory course - A group-based project embedded in a third-year analytical chemistry laboratory course at Hong Kong Baptist University.
AI-assisted pretest question generation workflow with generator, evaluator, and controller components - The article presents an AI-assisted workflow for pretest question development with three iterative components: automated generation grounded in instructional materials, rubric-based evaluation of question quality, and...
AI-augmented practical instruction versus conventional human-led instruction - The study's instructional arrangement contrasts two lesson-level designs for practical STEM teaching: an AI-augmented format in which students work with a real-time AI tutor providing synchronous correction, and a con...
AI-decision checkpoints framework: one explicit AI-adoption decision point per BPM lifecycle phase - The framework uses the BPM lifecycle to structure explicit, phase-related decisions about AI adoption across identification, discovery, analysis, redesign, implementation, and monitoring.
AI-driven talent cultivation reform framework with five interconnected components - The article proposes a comprehensive reform framework for computer-related majors grounded in the new engineering philosophy, integrating AI across curriculum, pedagogy, and practical training.
AI-driven tutor training and real-life assessment system linking scenario-based lessons to transcript-based evaluation - The article introduces a pipeline that trains tutors on research-supported \"tutor moves\" via immersive scenario-based lessons, then uses generative AI (Gemini-2.5-pro) to evaluate real-life application in tutoring tra...
AI-enabled immersive virtual environment (AI-IVE) with four characteristics - An AI-enabled immersive virtual environment (AI-IVE) is the technological setting the article characterizes as \"characterized by stereoscopic immersion, embodied engagement, intelligent interaction, and real-time feed...
AI-enhanced course set spanning compulsory, elective, and practice categories - Table 1 of the article catalogs representative reformed courses.
AI-focused learning activities in the first-year undergraduate business curriculum - The instructional element evaluated in this case study is a set of newly implemented AI-focused learning activities introduced into the first-year undergraduate curriculum of a UK business school.
AI-Guided Learning: integrated support for the Consume-Understand-Imitate cycle - The dissertation proposes AI-Guided Learning, an integrated approach in which deep learning systems provide adaptive support at each of three interrelated stages of learning from audio and video: Consume (efficient co...
AI-integrated 5E learning cycle for critical media literacy in elementary grades - An 18-hour instructional pattern that maps each phase of the 5E learning cycle (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate) onto specific AI and digital tools, activities, and national curriculum outcomes.
AI-integrated LMS for middle school with bounded, policy-gated AI assistance embedded in everyday coursework - The article proposes a middle-school LMS that couples standard capabilities (course organization, assignments, assessments, communication) with bounded AI features.
AI-integrated module design combining lesson plans, videos, AI exercises, and curated readings - The course redesign organizes each module around \"four core components that support scaffolded learning—lesson plans, short videos, AI-focused exercises, and curated readings\".
AI-integrated role-rotation pedagogical model conceptualizing role rotation as a mechanism for structuring critical human-AI interaction - The model combines four interconnected components: a digital educational environment, integration of generative AI tools, case-based learning, and collaborative role-based interaction with role rotation.
AI-mediated third space assessment environments connecting formal curriculum with students' interests, experiences, and learning needs - Drawing on third space theory, the paper argues that AI agents implemented \"within relational and ethically governed environments\" can help mediate assessment settings that \"connect formal curriculum with students' in...
AI-powered interactive Elinor Wonders Why videos with contingent dialogue - Interactive science videos built with PBS KIDS on two Elinor Wonders Why episodes (aerodynamics and reptile molting), in which \"the main character, powered by artificial intelligence (AI), engaged in conversation with...
AI-supported e-mentoring model integrating human mentoring with AI-driven support across engagement, analysis, feedback, and reflection cycles - The article proposes a dynamic, iterative e-mentoring system in which pre-service teachers generate inputs through learning activities, teaching practice, and reflective interaction; an AI system analyzes these inputs...
AI-supported exploration assignment in an asynchronous introductory physics course - The article describes an implemented assignment in which students in an asynchronous introductory physics course, Patterns of Nature, with approximately 70 students, selected one or two subtopics, began an AI conversa...
AI-supported inquiry-based learning as a mathematics teaching approach combining guided exploration, adaptive feedback, and reduced cognitive load - The article treats AI-supported inquiry-based learning as an instructional approach for secondary mathematics that embeds AI support within inquiry-based learning.
AIfred: desk-based robotic arm with end-effector projector delivering spatially co-located generative AI assistance - AIfred is a prototype combining a robotic arm with a mini projector at its end-effector, an OptiTrack motion-capture system tracking a desk object, and an overhead camera.
AIRIS: a three-phase framework for cognitively activated AI augmentation in physics instruction - AIRIS (Activate – Inquire – Reflect with Intelligent Support) is a three-phase instructional framework that structures student activities before, during, and after AI use in science education.
AISecKG ontology as a pre-display validation layer for agent-generated content - CyberAGENTS integrates the AISecKG cybersecurity ontology, which \"defines valid entity types (e.g., tool, technique, attack, vulnerability, defense, system) and permissible relations among them (e.g., exploits, detect...
Align Tier 2 supplemental reading instruction with Tier 1 core instruction through teacher professional development and materials - The program's central design principle is alignment: it provides \"teachers with professional development and materials to improve the alignment of Tier 2 with Tier 1 core instruction.\" Core reading teachers also recei...
Aligned Generative AI Course Policy framework for deciding allowed and unallowed GenAI use per task - The article presents an Aligned Generative AI Course Policy as a design framework in which \"the allowed and unallowed uses of GenAI tools are described in a transparent manner for students.\" Rather than a blanket cour...
Allow LLM use with required attribution while increasing the weight of proctored assessments with retakes to guard against over-reliance - Rather than banning or unconditionally allowing LLMs, the course permits their use with a required attribution statement on every code file, while grade weight shifts from programming assignments to proctored assessme...
Alternating-treatments self-determination intervention for middle school students with intellectual disabilities - This intervention taught self-determination skills to middle school students with intellectual disabilities using an alternating-treatments design: \"middle school students with intellectual disabilities alternately le...
Ambiente computacional \"sólidos geométricos\" con andamiaje de autoeficacia (metas, autoevaluación y mensajes motivacionales) - Ambiente de aprendizaje computacional para geometría en educación básica primaria, compuesto por tres módulos de aprendizaje con información textual y gráfica, actividades y evaluación final de diez preguntas.
An ethical framework integrating Experiential Learning Design with Bloom's revised taxonomy scaffolds GenAI-integrated journalism assessment - The article presents a practice-based curriculum intervention built on an ethical framework that embeds GenAI into undergraduate journalism assessment.
An online card-matching game for early algebra designed under Realistic Mathematics Education principles - The research team designed an online card-matching game in which students match equivalent mathematical structures presented in different forms, supporting understanding of algebraic symbols and expressions.
Analytical approach to strategy training: detailed step-by-step strategy presentation combined with integration of strategies across modules and practice tasks - The article implements and tests an analytical approach to strategy training that \"combined a detailed, step-by-step presentation of each strategy with the integration of various strategies across modules and practice...
Anchor LLM inference provenance on-chain and require instructor co-signatures for high-stakes grading records - To make AI-generated educational decisions auditable and attributable, the framework records not only the AI output but the full inference configuration on the consortium ledger: \"the model release and inference confi...
Anchored discussion: linked artifact-centered discourse creating a stronger collaborative context - Anchored discussion is a design for online discussion in which the article under discussion is displayed adjacent to the threaded discussion and messages can be anchored to specific passages of the text.
Antagonistic AI design agent with steerable stakeholder pushback in Miro - An LLM-powered agent built in Miro (Next.js, Miro SDK, GPT-4.1, Whisper, GPT-4o) that enacts constructive conflict for interaction design students.
Any statewide behavioral health TA model should combine cross-agency collaboration with a dual focus on student outcomes and sustainable service infrastructure - Research for this project suggests design features for capacity-building TA in school-based behavioral health.
App-based metacognitive monitoring training program with paired-associates memory tasks and feedback - A computerized, self-paced training program delivered on tablet computers in which children completed paired-associates memory learning tasks (learning, delay, recognition, monitoring, and feedback phases) across 12 s...
Argumentative Essay Writing online module with FeedbackFruits peer feedback - An online module called \"Argumentative Essay Writing\" (AEW) delivered in Brightspace over two weeks, designed to improve students' essay writing skills through peer feedback.
Aspen: a prompt-engineered AI chatbot peer mentor for inquiry revision - Aspen is a custom AI chatbot built as a prompt-engineered pedagogical agent on a general-purpose GPT model, not a fine-tuned model, with behavior shaped through system-level instructions, response-format constraints,...
Assessment Design Matrix (ADM) linking graduate competencies, assessment strategies, and assessment methods - The ADM is a tripartite structure that integrates graduate competencies, assessment strategies, and assessment methods into a practical guide for assessment designers.
Assessment twins: two deliberately linked assessment components addressing the same outcomes through different modes of evidence - The article names and substantively describes assessment twins as a redesign approach for the GenAI era.
Assessment without examinations: weight moved to in-class exercises, reflective writing, and a defended team project that resist unattributed automation - This pattern rebuilds grading around tasks a language model cannot quietly ghost-write, on the bet that \"an assessment a model can silently complete is a weak assessment.\" The Spring 2026 grade comprised in-class exer...
ASSURE instructional design model for face-to-face and blended older-adult instruction - The ASSURE model is the instructional design framework the authors used to structure both workshop modalities.
Auditability principle and the seven-part anatomy of an agentic workflow turn - The article defines auditability as the discipline's defining principle: \"a workflow that cannot be inspected, replayed or evaluated after the fact is craft, while engineering is accountable and reproducible.\" Its ope...
Augmented bow hold aid with finger pressure force mapping - A bow-mounted augmentation preserving the geometry of a traditional frog, using thin-film pressure sensors (e.g., Velostat) to produce a spatial force map across finger contact points and an IMU to capture bow orienta...
Augmented bow track with graded friction feedback - A speculative clip-on augmentation positioned between the bridge and fingerboard, using two moving tensioners that hold the bow and shift position according to the string being played.
Augmented Knights' Castle (AKC): an RFID-augmented Playmobil playset producing context-relevant sounds - The Augmented Knights' Castle is \"an audio-enhanced Playmobil® medieval castle playset designed to let play ﬁgures 'come alive.'\" Play figures carry RFID tags identifying their location, so placing a figure in a speci...
Authentic project unit (Field Day) with embedded assessment tasks mapped to critical objectives - The Type 3 assessment is organized as a project unit (a class Field Day, including a cookie-selling sub-project) whose everyday activities double as assessment occasions.
Automated generation of seven vocabulary activity types with distractor collision prevention - During each training session the algorithm selects target words from the P, S, and L sets and generates activities optimizing predicted learning gains.
Automated Matlab signal pipeline synchronizing EDA, EEG, and survey data - The signal pipeline is an autonomous Matlab program into which raw signals from the Empatica E4, the CytonRK headsets, and Qualtrics survey data are fed, producing a synchronized and processed dataset without subjecti...

B¶

Banking customer-onboarding teaching case with AI-constrained fraud-screening agent - A fictitious retail-bank customer onboarding process (registration, fraud assessment, approval) facing a scalability crisis, deliberately rich in regulatory constraints, knowledge-intensive work, and heterogeneous dat...
Battery of creativity, intelligence and executive-function measures for 8- to 13-year-olds - The study administered a battery measuring creativity, crystallized (Gc) and fluid intelligence (Gf), and executive functions, which the article specifies as \"working memory, inhibition and shifting\", to 209 children...
Before using CALPADS course records for eligibility studies, align CALPADS A-G categorization with UC/CSU categorization for each year and school - The report recommends reviewing how courses are categorized into A-G categories in CALPADS so that categorization matches what the UC/CSU systems use.
Before-during-after metacognitive behavior checklist for reading lessons - The article presents a table of metacognitive behaviors teachers exhibit before, during, and after a reading lesson.
Before-the-problem complete worked examples for a game-based puzzle task - A worked example intervention inserted between two rounds of a commercial computer puzzle game.
Begin inclusive design work with teacher self-reflection on intersecting identities - Steps 0 and 1 of the exercise turn the teacher's gaze inward before any student contact.
Behavior-based persona and course-grounded memory architecture for simulated students - EducaSim's student-agent architecture synthesizes generative agents with personas and memories, domain-contextualized memories aligned with actual course material, and a classroom dynamic tree using LLM as a judge.
Benchmark lesson: a classroom CVS unit translating the laboratory training procedure - The benchmark lesson is a classroom instructional unit that translates the laboratory CVS training procedure into a fourth-grade science lesson using the ramps materials.
Bespoke: a five-stage pipeline that regenerates a complete industry-personalized lecture video from a seed transcript - Bespoke is a directed acyclic pipeline that takes a seed lecture transcript, a learner profile (healthcare, finance, energy, or generic), and a target duration, and compiles a new lecture video with slides, narration,...
Bilingual Community Outreach Assistant (BCOA) position - The BCOA was a new staff position created to promote engagement of Spanish-language-dominant parents of English learners.
Bioart Boundary-Crossing Making - A progressive, multi-institution making project design that uses living-organism art materials and low-threshold, self-buildable tools to move learners across art, science, and nature-facing institutional boundaries.
Biology learning chatbot system providing instant out-of-class interaction and learning support - The article develops an educational chatbot system for biology learning that lets students \"interact with a chatbot out of class anytime and anywhere and further obtain instant learning supports.\" It was designed to s...
Biweekly homerooms as relationship-centered small communities - McLane High School transformed its homeroom structure as a core RCS effort to build consistent relationships in a large school.
Black Male Teacher Fellowship Program - One LEA created a fellowship for all of its Black male teachers, administrators, and staff in service of a goal to increase Black men in LEA teaching positions \"by 25 in the next 5 years.\" The program creates \"a very...
Blended inservice course combining televised programs, programmed workbook sessions, and drive-in seminars - The course design distributes instruction across three mutually reinforcing components: television programs broadcast on the statewide ETV network, programmed workbook work sessions completed and mailed in by learners...
Blended off-the-job and on-the-job module structure for supervisor training - The package organises learning as six free-standing modules sequenced so learning integrates with the workplace.
Blended-funding classroom alignment: uniform curricula, assessments, quality measures, and ratios across funding streams - This pattern, observed in Lindsay Unified School District, aligns preschool classrooms funded through different streams by braiding funding and applying identical standards everywhere.
Blind Turing-test evaluation protocol for LLM legal exam papers - An evaluation design in which LLM-generated and human exam papers are formatted identically and anonymously assessed by expert examiners using official criteria.
Bloom-level mapping of exercise difficulty levels in AI exercise generation - The exercise-generation tool maps its three difficulty levels directly onto Bloom's Taxonomy cognitive levels within the system prompt: easy prompts tasks focused on remembering and understanding, medium on applying a...
Body-Scale Collaborative Geometric Construction - A group activity in which learners physically build a large geometric structure from manipulatives using only a target image and a list of properties (no assembly instructions), forcing iterative discovery and naming of structural constraints.
Boston Public Schools early learning strategy: uniform early math and literacy curricula, teacher training, coaches, and NAEYC accreditation support - Boston Public Schools enlists early childhood programming in its achievement acceleration agenda by \"implementing uniform mathematics and literacy programs across early learning programs and including teacher training...
Bridges model: professional, citizen, and student bridges connecting schools with communities outside school, linked by a learning circle - The article proposes a preliminary conceptual model of how community and citizen science projects connect schools with communities outside school.
Bring together a cross-department state team to design and deliver a resource allocation review. - The report's first lesson is that a state education agency should assemble staff from many departments to design and deliver the RAR, including the offices of the superintendent, student support services, teaching and...
Brown-Peterson working memory task with animated goal cue tracking for preschoolers - A computerized Brown-Peterson task in which 4- and 5-year-olds memorized series of one to three colored drawings of animals and objects presented visually with their auditory name, then recalled them after a retention...
Build community engagement and stakeholder buy-in, supported by effective communication and simplified informed consent, to sustain school testing programs - The report's implementation lessons hold that testing programs succeed when schools invest in community engagement and buy-in from key stakeholders.
Build early statistical thinking on measurement activities that let students observe, represent and contrast variation in both hand-drawn and software formats - The article recommends an early instructional focus on variation and distribution through meaningful measurement activities.
Build evaluation frameworks with faster metrics and role-specific data access to time contract decisions - The article identifies a timing misalignment: districts must make contract renewal decisions before reliable outcome data arrive, since state test results typically arrive in mid- to late summer after procurement cycl...
Build trusting relationships through stable cohorts, advisories, restorative circles, and peer buddy structures - The report identifies relationships as the foundation of the school's learning culture, supported by concrete structures: each new student is paired with a buddy from a similar linguistic and cultural background, stud...
Buoyancy physics virtual lab with variable datasheet - A physics virtual lab demonstrating buoyancy in a liquid tank, in which students \"can change values of variables in the virtual lab to observe the process and conduct experiments about Buoyancy.\" It exposes variables...

C¶

CALI unit structure: Connect, Clarify, Research, and Apply lessons cycling through disciplinary-specific practices over 3-week units. - Each CALI unit follows a four-phase lesson framework delivered over three weeks, four days per week.
Calibrated hybrid feedback model for EAP writing instruction - The article proposes a hybrid model of feedback provision in which language instructors leverage generative AI to support formative assessment while maintaining pedagogical oversight.
California universal prekindergarten mixed-delivery system and the 2022–23 UPK Planning and Implementation Grant Survey - California's UPK system is a mixed-delivery early learning arrangement comprising transitional kindergarten (TK), the California State Preschool Program (CSPP), Head Start, and locally funded early learning programs.
California's 2010s systemic alignment of standards, curriculum frameworks, instructional materials, assessments, teacher education, equitable funding, and multiple measures accountability - The paper presents California's 2010s reforms, enacted while the author was State Board of Education president, as a promising example of systemic standards-based reform.
Camelot Jr. recursive backtracking solver agent - A game-playing agent for Camelot Jr.
Candidate pools and credentialing pathways for building the TK teaching workforce - The report identifies four pools of potential TK teacher candidates: current Multiple Subject credential holders who can teach while earning 24 ECE units; early childhood educators with a bachelor's degree, for whom \"...
Card-based design-time GenUI paradigm for educational content - The paper proposes organizing educational content as bounded, modality-agnostic semantic cards whose learning objective is encoded separately from any interface representation.
Case-based instruction sequencing individual case analysis before collaborative discussion to support self- and co-regulation - The article describes CBI as an instructional strategy with two components: \"narratives covering real-world situations for individual knowledge construction (self-regulation) and collaborative discussions offering stu...
cc-self-train adaptive learning system: a three-layer hook-based engagement observation and scaffolding adjustment mechanism - The adaptive learning system observes learner engagement quality through keyword-heuristic classification of each learner message into six engagement categories with quality scores from 1 to 5, accumulated in a local...
CCTDI-to-writing-rubric mapping framework linking critical thinking dispositions to writing performance indicators - The study establishes a conceptual mapping between the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) framework and a customized writing rubric, so that cognitive dispositions are measured through writing...
cellVIEW VR immersive learning unit on HIV - An immersive VR learning environment built on the tool cellVIEW for this study, presenting a guided tour through an HIV cell in 3D.
Central-server synchronization pattern replacing peer-to-peer HMD relaying for multi-user VR classrooms - The design pattern routes all client communication through Photon Cloud as a central server that synchronizes object states and audio among all clients in real time, instead of the prior peer-to-peer arrangement whose...
Chain-of-Concept: topic-graph organisation of past assessments replacing similarity-based retrieval - Chain-of-Concept is the article's framework for curriculum-grounded retrieval.
Challenge-by-modification pattern: learners modify a minimal working program to test their own model - The QRC's instructional pattern is a minimal, transparent computer realization of an experiment that learners modify to embody their own favored model.
Chat-based dyad activities with a conversational agent and learning analytics dashboard in a MOOC - A MOOC component combining weekly chat-based collaborative activities in which students \"collaborate in dyads to submit a joint answer as a team\" with a conversational agent (TIM) that injects prompts during peer disc...
ChatGPT Prompt Framework for children's art teachers - A ChatGPT prompt framework developed for children's art teachers to structure interactions with GPT-4o during lesson planning.
ChatGPT-as-starting-point with mandatory cross-validation against academic sources - A challenge-based learning activity design in which students use ChatGPT as a starting point for research and then verify its outputs.
ChatGPT-based automated HDR assessment system (problem generation, scoring, and feedback pipeline) - An LLM-based automated environment built with ChatGPT (GPT-4o) that integrates three prompts—problem generation, scoring, and feedback—into one system handling the full HDR assessment cycle.
ChatGPT-based flipped learning guiding approach (ChatGPT-FLGA) - ChatGPT-FLGA is a flipped learning guiding approach the author developed \"based on Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) and the learning scaffolding theory\", created \"according to the analysis, design, de...
ChatGPT-integrated feedback aid within a VR learning environment for embedded IoT tasks - A VR learning environment for embedded IoT tasks in which ChatGPT supplies targeted, real-time feedback to learners, replacing or augmenting traditional VR feedback mechanisms.
ChemViz Project at the National Center for Supercomputing Activities - ChemViz is one of three educational implementations of scientific visualization described in the article, cited as \"the ChemViz Project at the National Center for Supercomputing Activities.\" It exemplifies using scien...
Citizen science as a context for concurrently fostering statistical, scientific and NOS reasoning - The article positions citizen science as a pedagogical design pattern in which learners engage in authentic scientific practices, including data analysis, while learning scientific content.
CLASP discussion/laboratory activity cycle: small-group work on model-based activities, whole-class discussion, and homework integrated into the next DL meeting - The CLASP discussion/laboratory (DL) is the core instructional setting: students in five-member groups at tables with a wall-mounted blackboard work through three activity cycles of 30 to 60 minutes each, twice weekly.
Class experiment pattern: a practiced class and unpracticed control classes taking identical pre- and post-tests to study practice, transfer, and interference - The article demonstrates a class experiment in which one class practices a skill (translating English into a code) for twenty-two trials while control classes take the same five tests without intervening practice, twe...
Classroom teachers and teaching assistants — not only researchers — can deliver effective phoneme awareness instruction in kindergarten - The study's central design choice was to have phonological awareness instruction delivered \"by kindergarten teachers and their teaching assistants\" in ordinary low-income, inner-city classrooms, rather than by outside...
Clearly define the community school coordinator's skills, responsibilities, and position classification before hiring to support selection and onboarding - Because the community school coordinator is a role that previously did not exist in most schools, the report recommends defining its skills, disposition, and classification up front.
Clinical Empathy Module for PA coaching chatbots - The Clinical Empathy Module is a pipeline attached to the Empathetic chatbot variant that identifies Empathy Opportunities in user messages and generates clinically informed empathetic responses.
Closed-loop adaptive teaching assistance model integrating perception, evaluation, generation and feedback for music education - The article proposes an adaptive teaching assistance model for music education organized as a closed-loop path of \"perception evaluation generation feedback\".
Closed-loop referral system linking DNUSD wellness centers with community and county behavioral health providers - DNUSD established a closed-loop referral system with Project Cal-Well support after earlier referrals to community partners were often lost to waiting lists and lacked follow-up communication.
Closed-loop three-layer interpretable ITS architecture linking multimodal scoring, expressive diagnostics, and conversational coaching - The article proposes an ITS architecture that treats assessment not as an endpoint but as part of a closed loop of practice, feedback, and behavioral adjustment.
Clover: an instrumented AI code completion tool with attention checks - Clover is a Visual Studio Code extension that uses the Gemini 3 Large Language Model to provide real-time, single-line code suggestions at the cursor position.
CMP active, collaborative pedagogy with productive struggle and productive persistence in the corequisite pairs - The instructional design carried from the original Quantway and Statway pathways into the new corequisite courses: student-centered, collaborative problem solving in authentic contexts, small-group productive struggle...
Co-design principles for regional STEM pathways: Pre-K-to-career alignment, flexible entry, stackable credentials, industry recognition, and representative instructors - During the Inquire & Investigate phase, the CAC developed five principles to shape regional STEM pathways: \"Align STEM pathways from Pre-K to career\"; \"Create flexible entry points for all learners\"; \"Offer stackable...
Co-designing community AI education through four key decisions: balanced topics, conceptual grounding, local relevance, and dialogical learning - This pattern describes the recurring design decisions the research team and community partners made when co-creating the AI education session.
Co-teaching implementation with shared planning, teaching, and evaluation supported by workshops and fidelity monitoring - The study implemented co-teaching as a collaborative effort of two or more educators who \"share all aspects of teaching, planning, and evaluation\", pairing class teachers with special education teachers in the same ma...
Coding-focused GenAI declaration structure with five activity categories - A parallel declaration structure for coding assessments reflecting typical phases of software development and code-based learning, with five activity categories: Planning & Design, Code Generation, Code Improvement, U...
CogEvolution framework: ICAP perception, IRT-based memory retrieval, and evolutionary cognitive state update - CogEvolution is a generative educational agent architecture that shifts from static personas to dynamic cognitive flow.
Cognitive and reading test battery from the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center twin study - The study drew on a battery of measures administered across four 2.5-hour testing sessions to 483 twins ages 8 to 16.
Cognitive-flexibility-informed early literacy instruction combines multiple knowledge linkages, multiple application cases, participatory learning, and scaffolding - The article enumerates the design characteristics of an early literacy approach informed by cognitive flexibility theory: it \"includes emphasis on multiple alternative systems of linkage among knowledge elements (e.g.
Cognitive–ecological model of aggression prevention - The cognitive–ecological model holds that aggression is learned and maintained across multiple social contexts, so prevention must modify both individual cognition and context.
CogTax: a four-level cognitive taxonomy integrating cognitive complexity and operational impact via a maximum rule - CogTax is a four-level cognitive taxonomy for command-line computing education that integrates two dimensions: cognitive complexity C, derived from Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, and operational impact O, the degree to whi...
CogTax: a four-level taxonomy for bash command assessment combining cognitive complexity and operational impact - CogTax classifies bash commands covered in a course by two integrated dimensions: \"cognitive complexity (C)\" and \"operational impact (O)\".
Coherent whole-course lever configurations: think-first, direct-instruction, and Harkness classrooms - The paper presents three full configurations of all seven levers drawn from classrooms the author has taught: a think-first classroom aiming at curiosity, perseverance, collaboration, and ownership; a direct-instructi...
Cohort learning organized around a common theme with guiding values - The toolkit's design pattern is a learning cohort of participants organized around a common theme, such as equity, supported by guiding values that facilitators consider when planning activities.
Collaborative deck layer with live synchronization and independent per-follower scheduling - Memdora's collaborative layer lets users publish decks publicly, to friends, or privately; published decks appear in a Discover feed where users follow them.
Collaborative framework for culturally aware AIED across education, technology, and culture dimensions - The article contributes a \"collaborative framework for culturally aware AIED\" organizing the field around three dimensions—education (students become co-producers), technology (AI augments while \"people validate\"), an...
Collaborative making project pattern: multi-material, digitally enhanced, holistic, thematically anchored - Drawing on craft (sloyd) tradition, the authors characterize school-based collaborative making projects as \"1) multi-material, including both soft (e.g., textile) and hard (e.g., metals) materials; 2) digitally enhanc...
Collective impact model aligning health and education systems for school-community mental health - SCOE leaders organize their county-wide mental health work through a collective impact model that aligns health and education systems.
College and career pathways framework integrating CTE, core academics, work-based learning, and personalized supports - The report proposes a comprehensive high school redesign framework in which pathways \"integrate CTE and core academic curriculum, combine classroom and work-based learning, and align secondary and postsecondary progra...
Combine occupational training with an employer internship and layered supports to improve early career earnings for disadvantaged young adults - The reviewed evidence indicates that a program model pairing full-time technical training with a subsequent employer internship, wrapped in advising, mentoring, stipends, and post-program placement services, can subst...
Combined geographic-zone and open-enrollment attendance policy for revitalization magnets - A magnet attendance design combining a residential attendance boundary with voluntary regional open enrollment, so the school both serves its immediate neighborhood and draws integrating families from the wider region.
Combined health and financial literacy assessment yielding an averaged total literacy score - The article describes a literacy assessment composed of nine health literacy questions (e.g., understanding Medicare, medication instructions, interpreting drug risk) and 23 financial literacy questions (numeracy, com...
Combining challenge-based learning, community-engaged learning, COIL, and cross-university collaboration in one course design - The article presents a course-level design pattern in which societal engagement (via CBL and CEL), a global challenge, and collaboration (via COIL and a cross-university collaboration) are combined.
Combining visual demonstrations, guided inquiry, computational-model manipulation, and group discussion to teach cutting-edge science concepts - This instructional pattern sequences four modes of engagement around one scientific concept: a physical demonstration, a guided-inquiry worksheet, manipulation of a computational model, and group discussion.
CoMeT: a browser-based contingent AI programming tutor with a support ladder over authored decision points - CoMeT is \"a browser-based environment in which a learner works through a short programming task beside a chat tutor\", with a sketchpad and code editor.
Community Integrated Data System for coordinating student supports - During the COVID-19 pandemic, UCLA-CS partnered with UCLA's Life Course Intervention Research Network to create a Community Integrated Data System (CIDS) that helps three support teams, faculty, and staff communicate...
Community organizing cycle as a model for school transformation - The report describes the community organizing cycle as the change model embodied by the RCS campaign.
Community-building through celebratory traditions: quarterly awards, bridging ceremonies, and staff-family-student recognition - This pattern uses recurring celebratory events to build school community and reinforce culture.
COMPASS: a theory-driven intervention addressing dimensional and temporal comparison processes and their associated beliefs - COMPASS (comparison processes in students' self-concept formation) is an intervention framework that enhances subject-specific academic self-concepts by educating students about dimensional comparisons (comparisons of...
Competency-mapping module organizing curriculum topics by difficulty, prerequisites, and concept clusters - The competency-mapping module extracts structured competencies from course materials using a cybersecurity-specific competency schema.
Complementary-affordances account: AI dialogue as supported monologue versus human dialogue as interactional-competence practice - The article's explanatory framework holds that AI and human dialogue \"create distinct but complementary conditions for L2 practice.\" AI dialogue \"structurally approximates supported monologue\": sustained output with f...
Composite daily math lesson structure with six engagement-oriented components - The observed middle school math lessons shared a common structure of six components: a warm-up, direct instruction, group activity, share-out, note-taking, and demonstration of understanding.
Compound Line Graph lesson (Jiangsu Education Edition, Grade 5) integrating AI prediction comparison into mathematics instruction - A Stage 2 lesson built on the textbook's vacuum-flask temperature dataset, in which \"The lesson was organized into three instructional segments: Mathematical Inquiry (15 minutes), AI Prediction Comparison (8 minutes),...
Comprehensive principal preparation programs combine recruitment, coherent curriculum, applied learning, mentoring, and cohorts - The report defines \"comprehensive principal preparation programs\" as those incorporating features identified in Preparing Leaders for a Changing World: \"close partnerships between districts and programs; proactive rec...
Compress or mainstream developmental education with course redesign - The guide recommends compressing or mainstreaming developmental education through course redesign, an instructional intervention affecting the content and pacing of classroom instruction.
Computer-assisted reading lessons for relativization instruction (MOG, ROG, and COG treatments) - Ten daily computer-assisted reading lessons delivered the treatments to all three groups in a common format: \"a text that appeared on the screen in three sequential reading-skills formats—a skimming format, an in-dept...
Computer-controlled self-study course in the artificial language Experanto - The article's instructional element is a \"computer-controlled self-study course in an artificial language\" (Experanto), used to deliver L2 input and explicit instruction to university students under controlled conditi...
Computer-presented trajectories task on objects falling from stationary or moving carriers - The study used a computer-presented science task in which pairs discussed and predicted the trajectories objects follow when falling from stationary or moving carriers.
Computer-supported complex systems curricula delivered in science classrooms - Computer-supported complex systems curricula are classroom science materials in which computational tools support student learning about complex systems, a topic that next generation science standards in the United St...
Conceptual model of cultural and contextual factors shaping students' discussion behaviors in student-centered education - The study built a conceptual model (Figure 2) linking cultural and contextual factors to students' discussion behaviors and skills in PBL.
Conceptual model positioning students as co-designers of course policies through guided inquiry, perspectival thinking, and student voice - The article's conceptual model (Figure 1) positions students not only as learners but as co-designers of course structures and policies.
Conditions for equitable learning and development framework: personal, school, and system conditions - The guide organizes the conditions needed for equitable learning and development into three categories drawn from ecological models of development.
Configurable scenery generator instantiating formal and informal learning fields - The scenery generator instantiates scenarios as parameterized learning fields with spatial structure, participant roles, resources, communication channels, schedules, norms, and evaluation expectations.
Constrained sentence-production tasks with limited color vocabulary (syntactic-priming and sentence-completion tasks) - Two novel controlled production instruments for eliciting Korean passive sentences.
Constructive alignment (Biggs & Tang) as a student-centered framework for aligning learning outcomes, teaching-and-learning activities, and assessment tasks - The study is underpinned by the theory of constructive alignment coined by Biggs and Tang, derived from constructivism and advocating active involvement in creating understanding.
Constructive competition within Social Interdependence Theory - The article frames classroom competition through Social Interdependence Theory, which defines competition as a situation in which \"individuals have similar goals and each individual's performance is impacted by the ac...
Constructivist learning environment for argument structure training - A computerised training intervention conveying conceptual and procedural knowledge about the Toulmin model within a constructivist learning environment using Jonassen's (1999) cognitive modelling approach.
Content Area Review Panels (CARPs) - CARPs are the Nevada panels that \"Evaluate and rate instructional materials submitted by publishers.\" Per Table 1, they include subject-matter experts, content-area and special education teachers, curriculum directors...
Context prompts: instructor-designed prompts defining role, task, and boundaries of a Gen AI interaction - The article's central framework is the context prompt: instructor-designed prompts that establish guidelines for generative AI to follow during student interactions.
Contrasting cases with a synthesis (inventing principles) task to develop perceptual differentiation of discussion features - The instructional approach uses \"juxtaposed examples that are chosen to highlight distinctive features or relationships\", with most features held constant so key differences stand out.
Contrasting examples as a generative-processing instructional method whose preconditions for critical-thinking transfer are questioned - The article frames contrasting examples—comparing fictitious students' correct and erroneous solutions side by side—as a method expected to induce generative processing, structural alignment, and focus on underlying p...
Control timing as a design dimension for AI-assisted visual authoring: pre-, mid-, and post-generation control - The article introduces \"control timing\" as a key design dimension in AI-assisted visual authoring, operationalized through three interaction paradigms that differ in when teachers intervene relative to AI output.
Controlled tutor-audit testbed: ConvTutor, PedTutor, and cold baseline over identical frozen weights with a weak simulated student - A within-base testbed in which two tutoring policies are instantiated from identical frozen model weights so that only the policy layer differs.
Conversational pedagogical agent with AI-driven dialogue, lip-synchronised audio and conversation memory - The agents studied were \"animated characters represented in human form\" that converse with learners via an artificial intelligence engine matching student comments to agent responses.
Coordination of Services Teams (COST) link students to mental health supports within a multi-tiered system of supports - COST is SCOE's coordination mechanism linking students in Sacramento County schools to mental health supports within a multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS).
CORE districts' multiple-measures accountability system spanning academic and social-emotional domains - The California Office to Reform Education (CORE) districts, a network of 10 districts that secured an ESEA flexibility waiver in 2013, use a multiple measures accountability system with two domains: Academic Achieveme...
CoTAL: a three-phase framework unifying Evidence-Centered Design, human-in-the-loop prompt engineering, chain-of-thought prompting, and active learning for formative assessment scoring - CoTAL is an LLM-based approach to formative assessment scoring defined as an approach \"that(1)leveragesEvidence-CenteredDesign(ECD)toalignassessments andrubrics with curriculum goals, (2) applieshuman-in-the-looppromp...
Course-specific RAG as an intermediary layer between independent study and formal academic support - The article proposes that course-specific RAG systems occupy an intermediary space between independent study and formal academic support: rather than replacing educators, they offer \"private,immediate,andcourse‐specif...
Coursework aligned to four Program Learning Outcomes integrated across all courses - Alder's curriculum is organized around four Program Learning Outcomes: asset-based community and cultural responsiveness; developmentally appropriate, whole child, and inclusive practices; pedagogical content knowledg...
CREATE: a six-strategy meta-creative pedagogy for fostering creative thinking - CREATE is an explicit, theory-grounded meta-creative pedagogy whose acronym names six strategies: comprehending the core problem and subproblems, reconstructing connections, exploring and experimenting, adding more id...
CrewScaler 16-protocol AI-tutor coaching library - The framework specifies the AI tutor's pedagogy in advance as a library of 16 named protocols drawn from the retrieval-practice, productive-failure, and affect literatures, rather than a single general-purpose prompt.
CrewScaler: an end-to-end five-stage AI-accelerated upskilling pipeline - CrewScaler organizes rapid upskilling as a pipeline in which AI accelerates production at every stage rather than a single stage.
CRITICS three-component ecosystem for cross-lingual scientific knowledge transfer - The CRITICS approach integrates machine translation and educational technology as a three-component system: an LLM-based scientific document translation system, a Teaching and Learning Sequence (TLS) generator, and an...
Critique-then-inquire sequence for virtual lab activities - A lesson-level sequence in which students first critique problematic inquiry cases and then conduct science inquiries with a virtual lab.
Critique-to-evidence workflow: snapshot, independent coding, reconciliation, export - This pattern connects an evolving design artefact, its critique, an action plan and an inspectable research record.
Cross-device learning platform with Course, Gallery, and GenAI modules for flipped studio preparation - A responsive website developed to support pre-class learning, studio readiness, and early-stage visual ideation in an undergraduate knit yarn design course, accessible on desktop and mobile devices.
CS1-CR course structure: unrestricted AI use with mandatory oral code review interviews and a flipped classroom - CS1-CR is a CS1 course design in which students may freely use generative AI on coding assignments but must complete \"an oral, in-person code review (CR) interview session with a TA or instructor within 48 hours after...
CSCL teacher dashboard prototype for primary-school fractions with six activity indicators - A teacher dashboard prototype built on MathTutor digital traces for dyads collaborating on fraction assignments, developed through \"a teacher co-design methodology\" with 10 teachers.
CSUB Teacher Residency Consortium, a monthly professional learning community of residency coordinators - The CSUB Teacher Residency Consortium is a professional learning community that brings together all of the university's residency coordinators monthly to align practices and share solutions across the seven residency...
Cueing strategy progressing from language models and closed cues to open cues to build independent language use - Workbook C of the language unit presents a cueing strategy for developing pupils' independent language use.
Curriculum design combining learning progressions, CPA model, and spaced/interleaved practice - The curriculum is \"built around research-based learning progressions, a Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract model, and rich mathematical activities designed to connect concepts, interleave and space practice for long-term ret...
Custom AI assistants with curated legal knowledge bases, queried in de-identified form - The method's operational key tool in both units was a custom AI built on free-tier platform functionality (Projects in ChatGPT and Claude, Gems in Gemini) loaded with the unit's applicable normative base.
Custom GenAI writing platform with 30-word prompt limit and copy-paste disabled - The learning task used a custom-built platform integrated with the DeepSeek Large Language Model in which students wrote an academic abstract for a research paper.
Custom LLM practice platform with validated offloading classifier for extent-of-support labeling - The article built a custom web platform (React frontend, Python backend, PostgreSQL) giving full experimental control and logging of a fraction-arithmetic learning session with an LLM assistant built on GPT-OSS-120B a...
Custom-built online waves module with simulations integrated with a chatbot - A 10-page extra-credit online activity on wave concepts, built for a large-enrollment calculus-based physics course for future engineers using the Matter and Interactions textbook.
Cyclical sequence of five metaconceptual activities externalising, monitoring, and evaluating civic concepts - The intervention organized instruction as a non-linear, cyclical sequence of five activities: analyzing concepts and their features, extracting hidden concepts from Atatürk's sayings via group posters, concept mapping...
CytonRK: a custom head-mounted portable EEG recorder for classroom use - The CytonRK is a bespoke head-mounted EEG device built by the lead author because no commercial device met classroom requirements.

D¶

Daily individualized tutoring sessions with response-to-intervention progress monitoring - The program's instructional design combines daily one-to-one tutoring with continuous data use.
Daily one-to-one tutoring session structure: re-reading, word study, sentence writing, new books - Early Steps sessions follow a repeating daily structure in which tutors use \"a series of leveled, non-phonetic books\" and \"follow a daily schedule of re-reading familiar books, systematic word study, sentence writing,...
DataCanvas-EDU: a four-phase agentic framework for instructor-guided synthetic data generation - DataCanvas-EDU is an agentic framework in which the instructor specifies a teaching brief (business setting, learner level, permitted tools, assignment scope) and intended patterns through conversation, while an AI ag...
Dative alternation training task presented as a simple structural change - The learning target and task of the experiment: the English dative alternation, an abstract generalization that learners tend to overgeneralize.
DCog model of debriefing as a coordination device for conversational remembering and distributed metacognition - The article reconceptualises the three-phase simulation debriefing through distributed cognition, arguing that the debriefing conversation itself is the major coordination device.
Decision tree used by a curriculum administrator to assess external courses for the Lund C program - Based on correspondence with the former program director, the authors constructed a decision tree (Fig.
Decoding/Fluency tutoring program: 20-week adaptive one-on-one intervention with six scripted lesson components - A one-on-one decoding and fluency treatment delivered over 20 weeks using 10 books ordered by reading difficulty, with placement and lesson repetition/skipping adaptive to student performance.
Demo game rendering Blackboard course elements as 3D school environments - A standalone Universal Windows Platform demo game serving as the practical use case for the integration package.
Demystify, use, and reflect: a structured LLM-intervention course design positioning LLMs as tools for supported learning - The course design centers on a structured intervention that works by \"demystifying LLMs, how they work, their capabilities, and their probabilistic nature and limitations, alongside guided use through prompting strate...
Derring effect and deliberate erring as a guided-error learning approach within the Prevention–Permission–Promotion (3P) framework - The derring effect is a counterintuitive phenomenon in which \"deliberate erring has been found to enhance learning\", implemented by having students intentionally generate a plausible conceptual error, then strike it o...
Describe the specific elements of an effective program so it can be replicated - After an intervention is shown effective, document its specific program elements so practitioners can replicate it.
Design CCT for older adults as supervised group-based training at 1–3 sessions per week with sessions of at least 30 minutes - The review's moderator analyses ground a design principle: efficacy in healthy older adults \"is to a large extent determined by design choices.\" Group-based delivery (g = 0.29) and 1–3 weekly sessions were effective,...
Design family literacy programs for low-SES children as targeted programs focused on a limited set of activities and skills, restricted to one (training) context - The meta-analysis concludes that low-SES children benefit most from family literacy programs that are targeted rather than comprehensive: \"children benefit from targeted programs that focus on a limited set of activit...
Design teams and student advisory committees for student voice in decision-making - As part of increasing student voice in decision-making and strategic-planning forums, Long Beach Unified implemented two participatory structures.
Designed-pattern authoring: linking each teaching pattern to its generation rule, check, and reference analysis - A designed pattern is \"a trend, group difference, interaction, or exception intentionally built into a dataset for students to investigate.\" The workflow records each pattern in an executable case specification connec...
Detect-verify-escalate pipeline with four pedagogically distinct routes - The pipeline routes each student submission through an answer-key check and, for correct-answer cases, an LLM graduated assessment producing four routes: Red (wrong answer, automated correction), Green (clear reasonin...
Deterministic pedagogical orchestration architecture with the LLM as linguistic executor - The architecture separates pedagogical orchestration from text generation: instructional decisions (intent recognition, concept selection, chunk typing, prompt structure) are handled by deterministic modules, and the...
Developmental period scheme dividing the growth charts into six motor and mental phases - The article organizes its growth charts by dividing the measurement span into numbered developmental periods: a pre-grasping period to the fourth month, development of grasping from the fourth to sixth month, movement...
Developmental-Critical Model for AI-Mediated SSH Pedagogy with Six Checkpoints - A three-stage pedagogical framework guiding learners from AI-dependent toward AI-critical interpretation, grounded in cognitive-developmental theory, hermeneutics, and critical pedagogy.
Dialogic microteaching supported by two complementary manipulatives: mediating puppets and perspective-taking animation - The article's explanatory framework holds that achieving dialogic microteaching requires overcoming two challenges: role-playing various imaginary students plausibly, and appropriating their viewpoints in subsequent r...
DIALOGOS focus days: interdisciplinary dialogic argumentation program for Grade 7 - The DIALOGOS Center initiated a program in four schools in a mid-size Israeli town, with a teacher professional development program for Grade 7 in mathematics, humanities, and science.
Dichotic listening preexposure paradigm with CS-scoreboard instrumental conditioning task - An experimental apparatus and procedure for studying latent inhibition in adult humans.
Digital learning environments characterized by problem- and project-centered, student-centered, collaborative, communicative, customized, productive and lifelong learning - The report enumerates the characteristics learning takes on once digital content is integrated into curriculum: problem and project centered, student-centered, collaborative, communicative, customized, productive, and...
Digital Technologies project framework: semester-spanning agile Scrum projects as an integral third of a robotics-relevant CS curriculum - The article proposes a project-based learning framework in which students work in small teams on industry-relevant problems across multiple semesters.
Directly measured maximal oxygen uptake test protocol for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents - The study assessed cardiorespiratory fitness with an incremental treadmill test to volitional exhaustion, using a metabolic system with a 4.2-L mixing chamber.
Discovery-synthesis split: system initiative over domain discovery, author initiative over narrative synthesis - The article's organizing design framework divides cognitive labor in AI-assisted writing: the system takes initiative only over domain discovery, where the Illusion of Explanatory Depth renders authors unable to act f...
Diseño mixto con grabación en audio de tutorías de 6 docentes tutores de trabajo de grado - Elemento metodológico central de la tesis: un estudio con diseño mixto en el que el análisis cualitativo de los enunciados se categoriza y transforma en datos cuantitativos.
Distribute state special education funds to LEAs rather than exclusively to SELPAs to promote coordination and inclusive practices - The report recommends transitioning over time from distributing state special education funds exclusively to SELPAs to distributing them to LEAs, which could then contract with regional entities for regionalized servi...
Distributed leadership with monitoring routines in elementary schools - A school-level organizational pattern in which principals delegate leadership functions to staff (coaches, counselors, teachers) while maintaining regular instructional monitoring routines such as progress-report revi...
Distributed scaffolding and complementarity between material and teacher scaffolds - Distributed scaffolding is the framework in which support for complex project-based learning is spread across multiple tools, routines, activities, and the teacher, forming a system that simultaneously supports all st...
District homeless programs provide a coordinated web of six support categories: essential items, transportation, academic services, health supports, specialized unaccompanied-youth support, and family supports - Across all five study districts, homeless program staff coordinated services provided by the district program, schools, and community-based organizations.
District strategy pattern: compensation increases, high-retention pathways, recruitment capacity, and added student-support staff - The report identifies a four-part pattern of district responses to shortages: \"increasing teacher compensation, improving recruitment and hiring capacity, developing high-retention pathways into teaching within the di...
District-level dashboards aggregating Portrait of a Graduate skill data - Dashboards are web-based platforms presenting aggregated and disaggregated data on student Portrait of a Graduate ability, used by two interviewed districts and explored by four more.
District-level reform pattern: data transparency, defiance-suspension bans, and restorative infrastructure - The guide identifies a reusable district-level pattern of policy changes: \"Oakland has implemented a few practices that other districts across the country can adopt or adapt to improve schools for Latina and Black gir...
Divergence-groan-convergence participatory decision-making structure for group ethics discussion - The system structures each discussion stage around a participatory decision-making model comprising \"divergence (generating diverse ideas), groan (struggling with differences), and convergence (narrowing down to share...
Diversity by design schools combine innovative instructional models, transportation, and a controlled-choice lottery - The report describes San Antonio Independent School District's \"diversity by design\" schools, which enroll students from inside and outside district boundaries starting in preschool.
Documents Model and Online Research and Comprehension Model as the framework for sourcing throughout online inquiry - The study is informed by two theoretical models.
Domain-grounded mediation framework for LLM-assisted VR instruction - The article frames LLM-assisted VR instruction as a mediation process connecting three layers: expert expression, executable operations, and learner-facing representations.
Double-content examples as instructional support for video-based analysis in an ill-structured domain - Double-content examples integrate two levels: the learning domain level (the skill being taught, here analyzing classroom videos) and the exemplifying domain level (the content illustrating it, here classroom manageme...
Double-dose semester block: Strategic Reading first semester, English 1 second semester - TDHS gives ninth graders a double dose of reading: students take double periods of Strategic Reading, 90 minutes daily, in the first semester, and then double periods of English 1 in the second semester.
Drop-in game lab structure preserving flexible play sessions for ecological validity - The study's delivery pattern was a supervised lab open on a drop-in basis (9am-5pm Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays) where students managed their own play time within a prescribed per-game log target.
Dual tailoring: simultaneous individualization of readings along interest and comprehension-level dimensions within an AI-mediated workflow - Dual tailoring is the article's descriptive design label (explicitly \"not a new theory\") for an instructional configuration combining two individualization dimensions in one AI-mediated workflow.
Dual-condition reinforcement-sensitivity indexing of visuospatial WM and STM in ADHD subtypes - The study operationalizes reinforcement sensitivity by administering the same visuospatial WM and STM tasks under two conditions: a standard feedback-only condition and a high-reinforcement condition adding a monetary...
Dual-language program and Reader Identity Self-Assessment for biliteracy development - UCLA-CS is a dual-language school offering content instruction in Spanish, Korean, and English, with elementary Spanish-English and Korean-English programs and a Grades 9-12 Spanish pathway; about 4 in 10 students ear...
Dual-process (Geneplore) creative writing instruction design framework with Schacter's five creative teaching areas - The article grounds its creative writing unit in Finke et al.'s dual-process Geneplore model, in which \"Generative and exploratory processes alternate continuously\", mapped onto writing as alternation between the fict...
Dual-process reasoning hazards framework with hazard-matched questioning strategies - Dual-process theories describe reasoning as the interplay of a fast, automatic Process 1 producing a provisional mental model and a slow, effortful Process 2 that evaluates it.
Duolingo English Test operational calibration data used for the empirical evaluation - The evaluation applied consensus calibration to operational response data from the Duolingo English Test, described as \"a high-volume, continuously evolving language assessment\" measuring two latent dimensions with it...
DURA (Demystify-Use-Reflect-Assess): a lightweight framework for incorporating LLMs into courses - DURA is the article's four-component framework for updating courses to incorporate AI/LLMs: Demystify how LLMs work and how they affect learning; Use LLMs with guidance and attribution; Reflect on LLM use and problem-...
Dyad composition pairing low-scoring with higher-scoring students to maximize peer conflicts, combined with POE simulation tasks - In this design pattern, students are assigned to dyads to work on simulation-based predict-observe-explain tasks with pairing deliberately arranged so that \"students of low scores being paired up with students of rela...
Dynamic business-simulation mechanism: generative AI shifts simulation-based learning from executing predetermined rules to decision-making under uncertainty - The third of the article's three proposed mechanisms.

E¶

Early-elementary implementation of the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction - This element is the early-elementary implementation of the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction described and validated in the study: a teaching model that young children ages 5-6 used to set goals for learni...
ECED professional development model: institute, site visits, and monthly check-ins across two years - ECED's professional development combines an initial institute, recurring on-site visits, and regular remote check-ins.
Eco-feedback LLM interface with five latency-based eco modes and four sustainability visualizations - A live LLM chat interface in which \"Users can choose among multiple eco modes, each characterized by a distinct latency profile and corresponding carbon impact based on backend hardware configurations.\" Eco modes 1–5...
Educational Design Research Studio (EDRS) for collaborative design work - The Educational Design Research Studio (EDRS) is a technology-rich space, equipped with \"interactive surfaces, writable walls, an interactive whiteboard, a data projector, and iPads.\" The studios are meant to support...
Educational Opportunity Program (EOP) at Stony Brook University - EOP is a state-sponsored access-and-support program at Stony Brook serving nearly 600 low-income students and students of color whose high school preparation was incomplete.
Educational psychology as a distinct experimental science whose standard course takes the learning process as its backbone - The article argues that educational psychology deserves status as a distinct discipline because education is a significant field of application of psychological truth, comparing it to agriculture: \"Experimental pedago...
Educator workshops on retrieval practice as the authors' science-communication vehicle - The authors report that their efforts to increase science communication with educators \"have included workshops\", through which they engage educators in conversation about implementing retrieval practice.
Educator-guided architecture separating artifact-grounded diagnosis, pedagogical workflow control, and student-facing LLM generation - The architecture places a hidden, artifact-grounded diagnosis inside an explicit, stateful pedagogical workflow so the language model is not solely responsible for instructional strategy.
Eight learner-centered design criteria for classroom proof assistants, organized under learning and usability goals - The article proposes a framework of two broad goals — \"learning: the tool should help students refine and improve their mathematical proof skills; and usability: the tool should not create unnecessary frictions in wri...
Eight linked microsites organizing a place-based MAR time-travel journey from the Ordovician period to the present day - A microsite is defined as \"the intersection of the groups' interactions, the digital MAR content, and the physical setting.\" The Time Explorers app arranged eight such microsites in geologic-time order—Time Spiral Scu...
Eight-step constructionism imagineering learning process delivered through metaverse rooms within a three-stage lesson structure - The article synthesizes an eight-step learning process from imagineering and constructionism principles: \"Imagine; start with an idea; research/explore/learn; design and write the script; create innovation; summarise...
Eight-strategy pattern for overcoming ESL pronunciation challenges within the CLT framework - The review proposes a matched set of eight strategies mirroring its eight identified challenges: a pronunciation-oriented curriculum within CLT, inclusion of pronunciation assessment, teacher preparedness through CPD,...
Eight-week MI module sequence with assignments and compact assessment rubric - The paper provides reusable curriculum artifacts: an eight-week module sequence aligned to the materials discovery workflow, three assignments (descriptor benchmarking, leakage and dataset-shift diagnosis, uncertainty...
Emancipatory immersion as a design goal for VR learning about exclusion and discrimination - Emancipatory immersion, developed in the CSCL field by Enyedy and Yoon, is the concept the authors use to interpret how students meaningfully related to the VR stories.
Embedded high-dosage tutoring pattern: small ratios, in-schedule sessions, and classroom-aligned sequencing - The Saga approach instantiates a high-dosage tutoring design in which tutoring is \"embedded in students' regular school schedules\", occurs at least three times weekly for 90 minutes, uses small tutor-to-student ratios...
Embedded two-adult classroom: college instruction delivered on the high school campus with a familiar school-based adult present - OUSD delivers college courses on high school campuses during the school day, taught by Peralta instructors with an OUSD point person present—a dynamic some educators describe as team teaching.
Embodied Physics Inquiry Through Dance Improvisation - A session structure that pairs a short physics concept demonstration with dance improvisation exploring that concept, validating culturally specific movement styles as legitimate scientific expression.
Emerging-knowledge tracking mechanism: generative AI reduces the time lag between textbook updates and business practice - The second of the article's three proposed mechanisms.
Encourage students to attend more SI-PASS sessions rather than altering the scheme itself - Because performance benefits emerged only above an attendance cut point, the authors recommend that support efforts target participation levels.
Engage-to-Unlock: engagement-based access as a productive-friction mechanism for GenAI - Engage-to-Unlock is an interaction method in which generative capabilities become available only after users show task-relevant engagement.
Engagement intensity as a pair of complementary intake features (reported use and self-rated familiarity) for learner modeling - The article introduces engagement intensity as a working label for two complementary intake indicators of technology engagement drawn from technology acceptance and AI literacy research: \"reported use and self-rated f...
Engineering Design-Based Learning (EDBL) as a six-stage iterative pedagogical framework - EDBL is a pedagogical approach grounded in problem-based learning and constructivist theories in which students engage in authentic, iterative design challenges to develop scientific understanding and practical skills.
Engineering inquiry pattern: student-generated starter questions sorted into engineering design-goal challenges - In this inquiry pattern, learners first explore phenomena during Starters and write observations and questions on sentence strips, as in science inquiry.
Ensure students complete the full set of strategy-instruction lessons, since effects grow with dosage - The article recommends that students complete the whole writing instruction program rather than only part of it, because the intervention effect was larger for students who finished all lessons.
EPIC study of Michigan school district responses to the COVID-19 pandemic - The Education Policy Innovation Collaborative (EPIC) at Michigan State University is conducting a study of \"Michigan school district responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to support student learning.\" The stu...
Episode memory linking feedback episodes to versioned ERD states - Each feedback request creates a session history containing stages shown, student answers, generated feedback, follow-up questions, credit use, and next actions, allowing later stages to condition on what has already o...
Eriksen and Eriksen nonsearch flanker paradigm (six-condition tachistoscopic letter task) - A tachistoscopic task in which the subject responds with a right or left leverpress to a single target letter (H or K vs S or C) that always appears at a fixed location above fixation during a 1-sec exposure.
Evaluate standards implementation by implementation strategy, student subgroups, and outcomes beyond test scores - The article argues that existing literature on the Common Core State Standards in Math showed little benefit but had not examined variation by implementation strategies, student subgroups, or outcomes other than test...
Event design details—offsite venues, elevated BIPOC vendors, compelling speakers, and intentional branding—foster pride and engagement - Across the LEAs, Design Teams emphasized event-planning details that make events feel high in quality and foster pride and value among participating teachers.
Evolving Knowledge Space Graph (EKSG) model - The EKSG model is a graph-structured knowledge representation framework for adaptive intelligent tutoring in fast-changing domains, combining the structural clarity of ontologies with the adaptive potential of Compete...
Evolving-artifact course organization: each module's output becomes the next module's input - A course-level structural pattern in which module deliverables chain across the lifecycle so that students revisit AI-related decisions repeatedly with accumulating evidence.
Expand access to full-day pre-k, prioritizing students and families facing the greatest logistical and economic barriers to attendance - The article recommends that policymakers increase full-day pre-k availability because it better fits families' daily lives and raises attendance, particularly for groups with historically lower attendance.
Expanding then maintenance repetition schedule for audio vocabulary lessons - The article prescribes a two-phase repetition schedule for audio vocabulary lessons.
Expert-panel human-review workflow for AI-generated MCQ drafting in a high-stakes exam - A structured workflow in which LLMs (ChatGPT-4o and Gemini 1.5 Pro) received the full blended-learning curriculum and generated MCQs via sequential prompting, followed by expert-panel review.
Explicit Instruction in Historical Contextualization - A two-part unit design that first gives students a reason to engage with historical background knowledge through discussion-based case studies and source-sorting, then supports the procedural writing skill of placing and connecting that background to evidence through modeled text analysis and targeted language practice.
Explicit skills instruction versus implicit extensive reading as competing approaches to adult literacy instruction - The article frames adult literacy instruction as divided between two approaches.
Exploratory laboratory program pattern: hands-on experiences leading to tentative career decisions - A course-level pattern in which middle school students explore career fields through varied experiential modes before selecting secondary programs.
Expression-transformation puzzle: match a starting expression to an equivalent target form via valid operations - The core design pattern of FH2T is a transformation puzzle: \"The program presents a starting expression and a mathematically equivalent target expression.
Extension of Biggs' constructive alignment for embedding GenAI in existing curricula - The article extends Biggs' theory of constructive alignment into the GenAI era, using it as the lens for curriculum integration of generative AI in business higher education.
Eye Movement Modeling Examples (EMME) as an instructional tool for multimedia learning - EMME are recordings of a model's eye movements performed during a task, overlaid onto the task material so that learners can see where, how long, and in what order the model looks.

F¶

Facilitated complex problem solving (FCPS) condition - FCPS is the comparison condition in this study: it is \"the same as the PF condition except that students received instructional facilitation throughout their lessons.\" It serves as the design component that isolates t...
Feedback History interface with LLM contribution tracking and draft management - The Teacher Dashboard includes a Feedback History interface providing a comprehensive log of all feedback sent to each student.
Feedback literacy capacities mapped onto a cyclical forethought-control-retrospect engagement model - The framework integrates Carless and Boud's feedback literacy, \"comprising four interdependent elements: (a) appreciating feedback; (b) making judgments; (c) managing affect; and (d) taking action\", with Zhan et al.'s...
Fiber Crafting for Proportional Reasoning - A multi-day craft camp (knitting, crochet, and fabric pleating) in which learners define their own stitch or fold units through personal tension and material choice, then discover multiplicative proportional relationships (e.g., stitch width-to-height ratios, row-to-row growth, unfolded-to-folded fabric ratios) as an emergent property of the material rather than a taught formula.
Fiber crafts course (weaving and fabric manipulation) as a context for computational learning with middle school youth - A 6-session fiber crafts course, facilitated twice at a K-8 charter school, offered weaving with three loom types and fabric manipulation with a laser-cut matrix template as contexts for performing computational conce...
Fiber crafts course with weaving and fabric manipulation units in a school design studio - A fiber crafts course facilitated within a weekly design studio at a K-8 public charter school, in which 16 middle school students aged 11-14 self-selected into units on weaving and fabric manipulation.
Fifteen-week digital game-based language learning program at a Thai university - The studied intervention was a fifteen-week digital game-based learning program at a university in Thailand, in which five students participated.
Film-plus-cloze metacognitive assessment paradigm with confidence judgments and answer withdrawal - A multi-phase assessment paradigm for children's metacognitive monitoring and control.
Fink's Integrated Course Design framework for aligning learning goals, teaching activities, and feedback and assessment - The study's organizing framework is Fink's (2013) Integrated Course Design, which \"revolves around three primary components: Learning Goals, Teaching and Learning Activities, and Feedback and Assessment\".
Five characteristics distinguish effective LRE programs - The digest lists five characteristics of effective LRE programs: extensive interaction among students, realistic content with balanced treatment of issues, use of outside resource persons, strong administrator support...
Five design principles: one artifact, dependency sequencing, progressive sim-hardware integration, scaffolded bounded choice, and paired collaboration with individual evidence - The article states five principles (P1-P5) describing the framework: coordinate disciplines through one artifact; sequence by technical dependencies with observable gates; integrate simulation and hardware progressive...
Five key characteristics of rigorous regular group processing in enquiry-based learning seminars - The article specifies five key characteristics that defined group processing in the studied seminars: non-hierarchical group dynamics with equal voice, ongoing per-session feedback to every member, a consistent durati...
Five key computational thinking competencies organizing K-12 content - The pathway conceptualizes content at every grade level as relating to one of five competencies: \"Abstraction, Data Collection and Analysis, Algorithmic Thinking, Building Models & Simulations, and Decomposition.\" Thi...
Five key representations for introductory statistics: verbal descriptions, visualizations, word equations, GLM notation, and R code - The textbook asks students to repeatedly translate and connect among five representations: \"verbal descriptions, visualizations, word equations, GLM (general linear model) notation, and R code.\" Students describe mode...
Five organizational capacity levers leaders used to support Skyline ELA implementation - The infographic identifies five domains of strategic investment through which school leaders strengthened organizational capacity for curriculum implementation: \"Championed professional learning\", \"Protected teacher t...
Five-agent DPT simulated classroom on a static-friction problem - A simulated class of five AI students, each embodying a distinct point of failure in the reasoning process: Davide (Hazards A+B), Elena (Hazard C), Tommaso (Hazard D), Chiara (in transition) and Andrea (a near-expert...
Five-category artifact taxonomy for evaluating AI-generated images - The article organizes visual inspection of AI-generated images around a taxonomy of five artifact categories drawn from a written guide on distinguishing AI-generated images from authentic photographs.
Five-component structured student profile capturing knowledge and dialogue behavior - Each generated profile has a fixed structure with five sections: Knowledge State (estimated KC mastery as correct over total attempts), Knowledge Acquisition (how mastery changes over time), Misconception (recurring m...
Five-level pyramid hierarchy for AI-integrated engineering curricula based on scaffolded instruction - The MLME course is organized as a pyramid representing scaffolded instruction, in which guidance is gradually reduced as students gain mastery.
Five-month workplace-based PD program blueprint for teacher differentiation skills - A professional development program designed with 4C/ID and the Ten Steps to teach primary school teachers differentiated instruction in mathematics.
Five-phase design-thinking process bridging students as residents and as students in CCS urban development projects - The educational design used a design-thinking process comprising five phases: \"discovery, definition, ideation, experimentation and model construction, and testing and presentation.\" In discovery, professionals presen...
Five-phase retrieval practice session crossing question format and level of thinking - The study's session design: read a passage, do a distractor task, answer mixed-format retrieval questions, do a second distractor, then take a final test.
Five-sites framework of AI-use expectations in a course - The article proposes that for any given course, concepts of appropriate AI use for academic writing are housed in five distinct sites: faculty intention, formal policy, student interpretation, student self-policy, and...
Five-stage game-ready asset production pipeline for a pedagogically controlled 3D Virtual Teacher avatar - The prototype's Virtual Teacher avatar was manually authored rather than sourced from a pre-packaged library, to give pedagogical control over appearance and expressive affordances.
Five-stage MLE lesson pattern: curiosity arousal, explicit goals, meaning mediation, critical questioning, and transfer task - The article's Table 1 presents a five-stage English lesson enacting MLE: (1) arousing excitement and curiosity with materials, (2) announcing explicit learning goals, (3) mediating meaning through explanation and resp...
Five-stage retrieval-grounded textbook synthesis pipeline producing 686K source-grounded books (32B tokens) - A pipeline that transforms a pre-training corpus into textbook-form training data in two phases: knowledge extraction (query generation, retrieval, chunking, KMeans clustering with relevance filtering) and structured...
Five-stage spoken learning loop with supplementary visual affordances - Kutti AI's interaction design is \"a spoken conversation with five stages\": welcome (a single large haptic-enabled control), spoken lesson delivery paced with natural pauses, voice response captured by a large micropho...
Five-step prompting framework (Clarify, Organize, Integrate, Differentiate, Correct) operationalizing Generative Learning Theory in AI-supported review - The article introduces a five-step interaction framework that translates Generative Learning Theory's selecting, organizing, and integrating processes into observable student–AI interaction behaviors during review.
Five-tool GenAI slide generation evaluation (NotebookLM, M365 Copilot, Claude, Cursor, Claude Code) - The article evaluates five accessible GenAI tools for transforming online textbook chapters into lecture slides for a 5 ECTS Web Software Development course: NotebookLM, M365 Copilot, Claude (Sonnet 4.5), Cursor, and...
Five-unit arc building classroom skills toward a community field trip and public sharing - The curriculum is organized as five sequential units of roughly two to six hours each: Get a Clear Picture, Solve the Puzzle (four science stations), Get into the Zone (a field trip), Putting the Pieces Together, and...
Five-unit curriculum progressing from syllable stress awareness to automation of spelling - The training's pedagogical structure is a five-unit progression: \"The training consists of five curriculum units\" covering syllable stress awareness, syllable structure, orthographic markers, spelling, and consolidati...
Fixation-star lexical processing task with noun and verb trials - A variant of Fernald et al.'s (1998) lexical processing task in which, during the Response phase, 'the two images or videos disappeared, and a centrally positioned yellow star appeared, during which children heard the...
Flexible hypertext-based online course design with hierarchical navigation and multiple representations - This pattern describes the flexible online course design the article built on cognitive flexibility hypertext theory: an e-learning process using video, PDF, images, simulations and discussion forums, organized by hie...
Flexible-Individualistic PjBL: students design their own projects with separate final presentations - Quadrant 3 (Flexible-Individualistic) PjBL, exemplified by Course E, lets each student design an individual project using emerging technologies in a shared campus production space.
Focus on Freshmen Study - The Focus on Freshmen Study is a UChicago CCSR research project examining the transition to high school and the school practices that contribute to ninth-grade performance.
Four activity categories scaffold CRA learning from reflection to redesign - The guide organizes course activities into four categories that progress from self-examination to system redesign: positionality and reflection; understanding the on-the-ground ecosystem of assessment; critically exam...
Four CAC-developed STEM pathway solution concepts (Inspire to Aspire, CIELO, ATGC, STEM SD Partner Exchange) - In the Design & Develop phase, advisors \"voted to select four solution concepts and self-selected into subgroups based on their interest areas and expertise\".
Four case vignettes systematically varying motivational and comprehension-related problems - The study's core instrument is a booklet of four case vignettes describing a study group preparing for an exam, arranged in a 2 × 2 within-subjects design: no problems (\"high knowledge and high learning motivation\"),...
Four coordinated disciplinary tracks (ME, Build, EE, CS+AI) with dependency-gated progression - The curriculum organizes content into four coordinated tracks connecting disciplinary ideas to practical decisions: Mechanical Engineering connects geometry, balance, and motion to predictions; Build turns assembly in...
Four core competencies and three core beliefs guiding teaching and learning at UCLA-CS - UCLA-CS grounds instruction in three core beliefs, including that \"Language and culture are central to learning and human development\", and in four core student competencies developed with multiple stakeholders: becom...
Four design goals for teacher-facing programming-process visualization: visibility, workflow support, formative feedback, and non-automated integrity clarification - The article organizes the tool's design around four stated goals: DG1 making students' programming processes visible to teachers through interpretable views; DG2 supporting teacher decision-making through workflows fo...
Four design principles for a local-first AI language-tutor scheme (P1-P4) - The article's scheme is organized as four design principles, each answering one identified constraint: \"(P1) a web interface backed entirely by local, free, lowest-hardware-cost models\"; (P2) the complete listening-re...
Four domains central to meaningful learning goals - The report defines meaningful 21st century learning goals through four domains: \"Both research and local knowledge suggest four specific domains that are central to meaningful learning\" — high-level cognitive skills i...
Four educational design objectives for course-specific AI support: course-specificity, independent learning, transparency and trust, and complementing existing teaching - The article organises Beacon's educational design around four objectives: providing course-specific academic support aligned with module outcomes; supporting independent learning through explanations and guidance rath...
Four modalities of embodied collaboration in shared VR environments - The article integrates theories of embodied cognition with distributed and extended cognition to focus on four modalities for embodied collaboration in shared VR: actions on virtual objects, gesture, body movement, an...
Four pedagogical principles for AI companion design derived from the HELF - Building on the Higher Education Learning Framework, the paper derives four principles for AI companion design: \"deep and interactive learning, which prompts learners to actively process and connect new knowledge thro...
Four showcased LER technologies introduced via onboarding videos - The study introduced participant-advisors to four LER technologies: \"Teacher Wallet (RANDA Solutions), MilGears (SOLID Inc), LearnCard (LEF), and Career Wallet (Velocity Network).\" Each technology partner delivered a...
Four specialized evaluation agents for LLM-generated problems - The system employs four agents that each evaluate a different dimension of generated problems: an Authenticity agent evaluating whether the context is age-appropriate and likely to be relatable for middle school learn...
Four structural features plus one instructional choice that foster a classroom community of practice in an advanced laboratory - The article identifies four structural features of AdLab: \"Paucity of instructor time\", \"All in the room together\", \"Experiments long and hard\", and \"Same experiments at diﬀerent times\".
Four-challenge framework for designing blended learning environments - The article presents a framework organizing blended learning design around four key challenges: incorporating flexibility, stimulating interaction, facilitating students' learning processes, and fostering an affective...
Four-component lesson plan representation schema grounded in curriculum studies and differentiated instruction - AdaPT decomposes lesson plans into four components: curriculum standards, learning objectives, learning profile analysis, and learning tasks.
Four-condition communicative task treatment contrasting negative feedback and modified output opportunities - The treatment consisted of a series of communicative tasks carried out with native English speakers under four conditions that differed in the negative feedback and modified output opportunities they provided.
Four-condition computerized training design for implicit, incidental, rule-search, and instructed L2 rule learning - A computerized training apparatus in which 104 adult ESL learners were randomly assigned to implicit, incidental, rule-search, or instructed conditions, then judged novel tokens of easy and hard rule sentence types.
Four-dimensional personalization framework for study planning: goals, time, pace, and path - The four-dimensional personalization framework structures personalized study planning along four dimensions adapted from prior work on personalization in online learning.
Four-element in-class scaffolding session preparing students to author high-quality questions - Before the first assessed authoring task, the courses ran a 90-minute session of four elements: a content-neutral quiz teaching MCQ language, a self-diagnosis quiz guiding students toward learning orientation, a quest...
Four-facet problem solving competency model grounded in rule acquisition and rule application - The article's competency model divides problem solving skill into four facets: \"analyzing givens and constraints\", \"planning a solution pathway\", \"using tools and resources effectively and efficiently\", and \"monitorin...
Four-factor scripting approach for blended learning: space, pedagogical method, participants, and history - The final article in the issue, by Mar Pérez-Sanagustín, Patricia Santos, Davinia Hernández-Leo, and Josep Blat, proposes and illustrates a scripting approach the editors describe as \"focused on four factors: the spac...
Four-model ITS architecture with inner and outer loop pedagogical model - SCRIPT adopts the standard four-models ITS approach: \"a Pedagogical Model, a Learner Model, a Domain Model, and a User Interface.\" The pedagogical model follows VanLehn's inner/outer loop differentiation: \"The outer l...
Four-module architecture for language-driven robot control in educational simulation - The article describes a hierarchical instruction processing pipeline in which natural language is translated into executable robot behavior.
Four-phase generative-AI physics workflow: video generation, Tracker tracking, Excel Solver curve fitting, parameter validation - A replicable instructional workflow combining generative-AI video platforms (PixVerse.ai, Grok Imagine, Pippit), the open-source Tracker video analysis tool, and the Microsoft Excel Solver GRG Nonlinear algorithm.
Four-phase iterative cGPT co-creation process with SPAR reflective logging - The article describes a reusable co-creation pattern with four construction phases: Creation (writing the system prompt and selecting knowledge-base files), Refinement (iterative testing, prompt editing, and SPAR refl...
Four-phase modified SIM explicit instruction model for adult learners - The article describes a modified Strategic Instruction Model (SIM) instructional method adapted for adult-to-adult interaction in four phases: Phase 1 addresses learning readiness, goal setting and commitment; Phase 2...
Four-phase weekly cycle for AI-based noticing practice: video, chatbot interaction, reflection, mentor feedback - The implementation was organised as a repeating weekly structure in which \"each week consisting of four phases\".
Four-pillar conceptual framework for tailoring generative UI to learning: curriculum alignment, agency and motivation, guidance and scaffolding, formative feedback - The article develops a conceptual framework of four pillars for tailoring generative interfaces to learning: \"curriculum alignment; agency and motivation; guidance and scaffolding; formative feedback.\" Each pillar is...
Four-sequence high/low guidance intervention for teaching CVS to third graders - An instructional intervention in which third-grade children received instruction in the control of variables strategy (CVS) under one of four orderings of guidance: \"high followed by high (HH), high followed by low (H...
Four-stage data strategy cycle — understand, collect, transform, socialize — carried by a data strategist working with a team leader - This pattern describes how school-based data work is organized in NCS partner high schools.
Four-stage framework for a common English learner definition: identify, classify, establish an English-proficient standard, and reclassify - The paper organizes the entire EL definitional process around four stages adapted from a National Research Council panel report: \"1) identify a student as a potential English learner; 2) classify (confirm/disconfirm)...
Four-stage learner-controlled workflow: concept check, guided application, guided feedback, and guided Q&A - The deployed workflow implements graduated prompting under learner control in an ERD editor.
Four-stage model of cognitive skill acquisition through the worked-example approach - The article describes the worked-example approach as a procedure that \"usually involves four stages\" of cognitive skill acquisition.
Four-stage scenario generation pipeline with demographic sampling, quality verification, and adversarial extension packs - The scenario generation pipeline synthesizes and curates diverse clinical scenarios through four stages: demographic and behavioral attribute sampling from US population distributions including Big Five personality tr...
Four-stage windowed pipeline architecture for deck-level question generation - The article's organizing architecture is a multi-pass generative pipeline: a Window Planner that \"Analyzes overlapping windows of slides, creating a contact sheet image to infer titles, summaries, modalities, roles, a...
Four-step formative assessment cycle: create assignments, assist students through immediate feedback, assess class performance, analyze answers together - The report organizes the intervention around a \"4-step formative assessment process (Heritage & Popham, 2013) that is integrated throughout the ASSISTments platform\": (1) create assignments aligned with grade-level st...
Four-step heuristic worked example model for mathematical modeling with dialogical fictitious-student examples - The article advances a four-step account of mathematical modeling linked to Polya's steps: \"(1) understand the problem, (2) mathematize it, (3) work mathematically, and (4) explain the result.\" Heuristic worked exampl...
Four-type negative feedback manipulation contrasted with a no-feedback comparison group - The study operationalizes negative feedback as four distinct types assigned between groups.
FRAC Feedback Literacy Script (Filter–Reason–Act–Check) - FRAC is a four-step feedback literacy script that guides students' processing of external AI feedback: \"Filter, identifying the type of problem addressed by the feedback; Reason, judging whether the feedback was valid...
Framework for closing the learning analytics loop via LLM-characterized misconceptions - A cyclical framework in which data collection and analysis pinpoint challenging topics, LLMs characterize underlying misconceptions, and this analysis informs two intervention pathways: \"cohort-level interventions for...
Framework for finding students' funds of knowledge and categorising FoK/I-related teaching practices - A framework produced by the project's analyses that serves two functions: it \"suggests ways to find students’ FoK\" and it categorises FoK/I-related teaching practices along two dimensions — (1) individual students' re...
Framework for student-focused GenAI educational applications that prompt generative learning activities and use GLA products as formative assessment - The article proposes a framework for developing student-focused GenAI educational applications grounded in generative learning theory and the select-integrate-organize framework, in which \"interaction is initiated by...
Fresno TK–3 Teacher Residency Program - An 18-month residency (2017–2019) within Fresno Unified's workforce pipeline, run with California State University, Fresno, leading to a Multiple Subject credential and a master's degree in curriculum and instruction.
Full-immersion day structure: morning background lectures, afternoon group laboratories, evening observation - The summer school organizes each day so that lectures prepare hands-on work: \"In the morning, we usually propose lectures in which, by stimulating the active involvement, we give the necessary background for the follo...
Functional complementarity model of AI and human roles in clinical skills education - The article proposes that AI and human educators need not perform identical instructional work: \"AI agents may be especially useful for repetitive practice, consistent role-play, checklist monitoring, Socratic prompti...
Future-oriented science course combining authentic emerging technology with futures-studies methods - A lesson/course-level design in which a contemporary science topic (quantum computing) provides continuity from scientific knowledge to emerging technologies and their future possibilities, intertwined with futures-st...

G¶

GAI role framework: tutor, teammate, and tool mapped onto teaching, social, and cognitive presence - The article integrates Role Theory with the Community of Inquiry (CoI) model to propose that GAI can assume three roles in marketing education.
Game jam resource kit: non-digital and digital materials, software, venue and devices for 4C-focused jams - A concrete set of materials, tools and venue conditions the article identifies as necessary to organize a game jam aimed at 4C skill development.
Game jams as pedagogical spaces combining co-creation, co-production and co-design with four learning types - The article frames game jams as constructivist learning environments that emulate industrial processes (co-creation, co-production, co-design) and host four learning types: \"The type of learning that takes place durin...
Gateway's three guiding principles instantiated through a coherent set of schoolwide structures and practices - The case study documents how Gateway's founding ideals became three guiding principles—inclusivity and equity, relationships, and continuous improvement—that inform a set of structures and practices.
Gen-AI-tecture: a bespoke, locally run ComfyUI generative-AI image creation and editing workflow for architectural education - A bespoke generative-AI image workflow implemented as a localised ComfyUI environment in which students upload or select images, describe changes in natural language, and receive multiple visual alternatives.
GenAI agent embedded in VIPE small-group processes as an instructional component - The element is a generative artificial intelligence-based agent (genAI agent) placed into the small group processes of student teams during a session of a well-established virtual interprofessional education methodology.
GenAI as Trainer and Synthesizer: two complementary roles in EFL speaking peer feedback - The article proposes a theory-informed design framework positioning generative AI in two constrained roles within L2 speaking peer feedback.
GenAI policy co-design module: guided inquiry activity with curated resources, individual policy design, and group discussion - A 3-4-week course module on GenAI in education within an undergraduate course, Technology and the Global Society.
GenAI-integrated professional development program embedding ethical reasoning for EAP educators - A field-tested professional development program for higher education EAP educators that integrates generative AI training with ethical reasoning.
Generative AI as a cognitive and instructional partner in teacher professional learning - The study conceptualizes generative AI not as a content-delivery tool but as \"a cognitive and instructional partner\" that supports teacher learning through contingent prompting, feedback, rehearsal, and guided reflect...
Genius Hour: student-elected enrichment blocks in the extended day with showcase events - Genius Hour is Los Padillas's extended-day enrichment structure in which \"Students select an extracurricular activity to focus on daily for 6 weeks,\" with options ranging \"from coding, robotics, and circuits to knitti...
Georgia Department of Education LEAD staged certification and recognition pilot for whole child education model schools - From 2021 to 2023, the Georgia Department of Education piloted a certification and recognition process for community schools implementing a whole child education model.
Geospatial Semester: a GIS-based in-school spatial curriculum for high school STEM - The Geospatial Semester is a real-world high school course, first adopted by Virginia high schools in 2005 and now implemented over two semesters, in which students construct and evaluate spatial representations (maps...
Give both conditions a matched popup message to isolate the effect of disclosing AI fallibility - When testing transparency cues about AI fallibility, the control condition should receive a comparable popup that omits only the fallibility disclosure.
GPT-4-extracted curriculum prerequisite knowledge graph (54 topic nodes, 47 directed prerequisite edges) - A prerequisite knowledge graph extracted by GPT-4 from 26 lesson PDFs of a graduate-level AI course, following a three-stage protocol of topic extraction, boundary consolidation, and edge extraction.
Graded-reader extensive reading program with level-matched readers and repeated vocabulary testing - An extensive reading program in which 60 EFL learners read 10 Level 1 and 10 Level 2 graded readers over 37 weeks during two terms.
Grant matrix aligning district school-based mental health grants and initiatives - NHUHSD created a grant matrix to align its many school-based mental health grants, projects, and initiatives.
Grant-funded school-based Wellness Centers as accessible hubs for services - With Project Cal-Well support, PUSD established grant-funded Wellness Centers in partnership with Butte County Behavioral Health, first at Paradise High School in 2021/22, then Ridgeview High School in 2022/23, and Pa...
GraphRAG textbook knowledge retrieval for grounded tutoring - The system implements Retrieval-Augmented Generation via the GraphRAG framework, in which textbook material is represented as a knowledge graph to provide contextually relevant information to the Tutor Agent and cours...
Greedy student-to-project assignment algorithm with dynamic skill weighting and tunable preference weight - The matching system iteratively computes a match score for every student-project pair, combining a student's preference score weighted by an instructor-tunable parameter α with skill self-ratings weighted by a dynamic...
Group formation system with automatic grouping panel, group composition visualization, and Wordcloud group-awareness tool - A group formation system embedded in the LEAF infrastructure that automates grouping from learning log data.
Grow-Your-Own credential pathway for classified staff - One LEA implemented a Grow-Your-Own program \"structured to set up pathways for classified staff to earn credentials—in part because classified staff in the LEA are, on the whole, more diverse than classroom teachers.\"...
Growth orientations in students' identities as knowledge builders theorized building on Dweck's mindset theory - The editorial describes the Kashi and Hod article as breaking new theoretical ground in conceptualizing human growth within knowledge-building communities, \"building on Dweck's theory of mindset\".
Guidance and manipulation as complementary instructional variables in computer-based problem solving - The article proposes that two instructional variables play complementary roles in computer-based problem solving for concept development.
Guided human–AI collaboration workflow with five components and AI-use logging - An instructional component in which the experimental group received \"explicit instruction in a guided human–AI collaboration workflow built around five interrelated components\": problem framing and prompt design; gene...
Guided STEM activity kits with embedded stories, parent tips, and extension ideas - Guided activity kits are self-guiding material kits for parent-child play containing materials for building wooden structures plus guidance features.
Guideline exploration tool linking design guidelines to stakeholder statements - The article presents \"a guideline exploration tool that aids in the ideation of technologies by connecting the guidelines to stakeholder statements surfaced in the analysis process\".
Gulf of Envisioning framework as a design lens for prompting instruction - The article adopts the Gulf of Envisioning framework (Subramonyam et al.) to explain why learners may fail even when using powerful AI tools, and uses it to organize its intervention.

H¶

Haiti Blended Learning Pilot in 33 rural primary schools - A two-year Digital Promise project working \"with 33 rural primary schools in 2 departments\" covering public, religious, and community schools.
Hallucination-inducing film-detail question set with pre-generated incorrect AI responses - A six-question instrument about fine visual details of films (e.g., Agatha's hairstyle in The Grand Budapest Hotel), designed, in the article's words, to be \"both hard for participants to answer and likely to induce h...
Hands-on math-science exposure pattern: labs, computer facilities, field sites, and scientist contact - The UBMS design pattern combines practical STEM settings with expert contact: grantees \"provide participants with hands-on experience in laboratories, computer facilities, and at field sites, as well as opportunities...
HERO-QA pipeline: hierarchical retrieval, answer generation with abstention, and a structured-output LLM judge - HERO-QA is the audit pipeline the article uses to generate and compare answers grounded in different institutional handbooks.
HeuristicEdu: an SFT-then-GRPO alignment pipeline with a three-component heuristic reward for Socratic tutoring - HeuristicEdu is a two-phase alignment pipeline that redirects an instruction-tuned LLM from direct answer delivery toward Socratic guided inquiry.
HI-AI collaborative flipped classroom framework explained by constructivist learning theory, cognitive load theory, and the technology acceptance model - The article proposes a human intelligence (HI)-AI collaborative framework layered on the flipped classroom, in which AI provides \"real-time information resources and support for instructional process analysis\" while t...
Hidden-prize marking and transfer task paradigm for assessing children's spontaneous external reminder-setting strategies - A preregistered experimental paradigm in which children watch an experimenter demonstrate how to mark the location of a hidden prize, helping them retrieve it later, and are then given opportunities across six test tr...
Hierarchical memory-trace framework for sensorimotor training design - The article proposes that bodily experiences be organized by the proximity of their memory traces to the learning content: specific (pencil-and-paper), intermediate (arm), and general (body) levels.
High dosage tutoring implementation factor set: frequency and scheduling, group size, qualified personnel, outcome measurement, curriculum, tutor-to-student relationships, and removing barriers to access - The brief organizes effective high dosage tutoring around a set of implementation factors that \"must be considered and included to implement high dosage tutoring effectively.\" These are \"frequency and scheduling, grou...
Highly Configurable System design for cross-domain learning analytics - The pipeline applies Highly Configurable System (HCS) principles, \"enabling a single underlying codebase to be applied to different scenarios through flexible configuration\".
Highly structured course design: daily and weekly active-learning exercises with frequent low-stakes formative assessment - The highly structured course design assigns \"daily and weekly active-learning exercises with the goal of providing constant practice with the analytical skills required to do well on exams,\" in contrast to low-structu...
Hobbs's five-part media literacy model operationalized through participatory culture theory - The study's theoretical foundation combines Hobbs's five-domain media literacy framework with Jenkins's participatory culture theory.
Holistic, place-based, time-bound Indigenous teaching pattern - In the Elders' teaching of Indigenous knowledge in this study, all forms of knowledge were taught holistically rather than divided into disciplines, avoiding what Nadasdy called compartmentalization of IK.
Horizontal and vertical transfer framework for guiding AI-assisted problem posing - The study employs a conceptual framework, adapted from the authors' prior work on transfer of learning and Jonassen's problem-solving framework, in which problem posing proceeds by \"horizontal transfer, where the read...
Horn-Ashbaugh Speller weekly curriculum: distributed practice and retrieval practice with pretesting, self-testing, and spaced review - The Speller's curriculum assigned a new word list each Monday with a pretest, self-testing study routines on Tuesday and Thursday (look, visualize, cover, write from memory, check, repeated three times), diagnostic te...
HP Learning Studio at Anaheim High School - The HP Learning Studio is a school-community technology space launched in Winter 2024 at Anaheim High School, featuring \"high-end HP workstations running Windows 11 and powered by the latest Intel processors, scholast...
Human-AI co-mentorship model with complementary tactical and strategic roles - The article proposes a co-mentorship model in which AI tools and human mentors play fundamentally different, complementary roles in project-based learning.
Human-guided design framework for GenAI-enabled assessment in computer science education - The paper advances a pedagogically grounded framework in which GenAI assessment integration is governed by deliberate human design rather than technological capability alone.
Human-in-the-Loop AI-assisted evaluation framework for high-stakes writing assessment - A decision-oriented operational framework integrating LLM-based scoring of the Writing section into a national exam workflow while keeping humans in charge of outcome-determining decisions.
Human-in-the-loop human–AI–human collaboration workflow for critical prompt engineering - A six-step structured workflow introduced in Week 3 to scaffold critical human–AI–human collaboration: cognitive activation before prompting, prompt formulation, AI output generation, critical evaluation with fact and...
Human-supervised AI video production pipeline for personalized instructional videos - A custom software pipeline produced 300 AI-generated personalized videos (100 topics × three interest variants: business, technology, society/biology) for a large online undergraduate course.
Human–AI co-learning loop: persistent learner-state memory, adaptive question generation, and a transparent evidence view - CoLearn operationalises the ideal tutor as a loop in which the learner practises while the agent refines a persistent memory of the learner's mastery and misconceptions.
Hybrid grading: behavior-based grades up to a threshold, quality-based grades above it - The article's organizing framework splits the grading scale by what earns the grade: below the threshold (B), the grade rests wholly on observable behaviors and completion; above it, the grade rests wholly on judged q...
Hybrid IndoBERT–BiLSTM automated essay scoring architecture with per-dimension classifiers - The IB-BiLSTM architecture \"combines IndoBERT as a contextual encoder with a two -layer Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) as a sequential classifier.\" IndoBERT produces token-level embeddings of shape (batch × 128 × 768) fe...
Hybrid micro-level personalization framework combining learner-driven preferences with system-driven Bloom's Taxonomy cognitive assessment - A framework for personalizing LLM/RAG teaching assistants at the level of individual student questions.
Hybrid productive failure with analogical comparison: schema abstraction through comparing contrasting models - The article proposes a hybrid learning design that combines productive failure's two phases (Exploration and Generation, then Consolidation and Knowledge Assembly) with analogical comparison scaffolds.
Hybrid query-resolution platform routing queries across AI assistant, peer layer, curated FAQ corpus and administrator escalation - A deployed support platform for a large online internship programme that routes each raised query across four paths: an AI chatbot answering only from a curated FAQ corpus, a peer layer where any participant may answe...
Hypergamification: bidirectional LMS-game integration where the whole game environment is generated from LMS content - Hypergamification is the authors' proposed concept in which a complete game environment, not just isolated game design elements, is generated from LMS learning materials and course structure, and gameplay translates b...
Hyperledger Fabric prototype with four educational smart contracts - A working prototype built on Hyperledger Fabric with 4 peer nodes belonging to four different institutions.

I¶

ICE-T: a didactic framework integrating intermodal transfer, computational thinking, and explanatory thinking for ML education - ICE-T is a multi-faceted didactic framework for teaching machine learning whose name mnemonically captures its components: Intermodal Transfer grounded in Bruner's enactive-iconic-symbolic principle, Computational Thi...
iCub LLM-powered narrative HRI system architecture - A companion-like social robotic platform in which the iCub humanoid and a human partner co-create a story in turn from pictures on nine soft cubes, each story built on a sequence of three cubes.
Identity-Centered E-Textile Making - A maker pattern combining e-textiles (sewable circuits, LEDs, microcontrollers) with explicit invitation for participants to author identity into their design choices, so STEM making and identity expression develop together rather than separately.
Illustrated mitosis learning material (11 pages, 1113 words) with EMME videos demonstrating multimedia processing strategies - The study's learning material is an expository illustrated text on mitosis distributed across 11 pages with an overall length of 1113 words, text on the left and a complementary picture on the right of each page.
Illustrative early alert system for first-year gateway courses used to demonstrate LEAGUE - The article demonstrates LEAGUE's operational value on a scenario in which \"Students receive a risk score from 0 to 100 based on four indicators: no LMS login for seven days, two missing assignments, attendance below...
Image Processing for Teaching (IPT) project at the University of Arizona - The Image Processing for Teaching (IPT) project at the University of Arizona is the second of three educational examples the article provides of \"using scientific visualization within education.\" It applies image-proc...
Immersive, family-centered, place-based LOTM framework linking the five SANSE immersion processes to mobile augmented reality design conjectures - The article contributes a design framework combining learning-on-the-move with Enyedy and Yoon's five-part immersion framework, called SANSE: \"sensory, actional, narrative, social, and emancipatory\" immersion.
Implement Red Light, Purple Light as short circle-time sessions twice weekly over eight weeks with trained teachers - In the studies contributing to the WWC report, the program was delivered in low-dosage, repeated circle-time sessions rather than as a separate curriculum block.
In SLO implementation, the process of thinking through the inter-related components matters most - Drawing on fifteen years of SLO practice and research, the report holds that the value of Student Learning Objectives lies in the deliberative process rather than the compliance artifact: \"The process of thinking thro...
Inferential word-learning task with retrospective confidence ratings and hierarchical Bayesian meta-d' estimation - A cross-modal experimental instrument in which participants learn 20 pseudoword–referent pairings through disambiguation of semantically ambiguous scenes (e.g.
Inquiry model of ADHD coaching - The article describes ADHD coaching as an \"inquiry\" model that contrasts with didactic academic services such as tutoring or strategy instruction.
INSIGHT: a three-hour teacher professional development training session on AI-based technologies for individualised instruction - INSIGHT (Information on Schooling with Generative AI and Helpful AI Tools) is a three-hour in-person TPD session for in-service teachers, designed as a pilot intervention to be iteratively refined before larger-scale...
Instructional design pattern: a school-based CCS project enacting the full data lifecycle with youth-led decisions - The study's program design builds on the CCS education framework and aligns its phases with the data lifecycle: developing expertise through bird-identification lessons; defining research questions in the after-school...
Instructional design principles for self-regulated example-based learning at multiple complexity levels - The article organizes its analysis around five instructional design principles for novices acquiring problem-solving skills from examples and problems: the example-based-learning-principle (studying several examples,...
Instructional governance: the designed allocation of authority, agency, accountability, context, and evaluation visibility in AI-mediated teaching interactions - The article defines instructional governance as \"the designed allocation of pedagogical authority, learner agency, human accountability, contextual boundaries, and evaluation visibility within an AI-mediated teaching...
Instructional Model for Human-Centered Generative AI Engagement: five recursive phases for LLM-integrated learning - A constructionist pedagogical framework that structures student engagement with text-based LLMs in higher education.
Instructor-centered framework for translating institutional GenAI guidance into course implementation via three mediating factors - The authors propose a framework that guides the translation of institutional guidance to course implementation by placing the instructor at the center of the process and considering mediating factors (Figure 3).
Instructor-curated knowledge graph and dual-readability typed chunk corpus for a dimensional modelling course - The course knowledge is represented as a lightweight knowledge graph containing 43 concepts organised into thematic groups, connected through structural relations (is a, part of) and didactic relations (precedes, conf...
Integrate AI-supported experimental design with professional validation to make authentic inquiry manageable in undergraduate laboratories - The article presents an approach where students use AI to design lab manuals for real-world sample analysis, then implement them experimentally.
Integrate English language learning with digital literacy instruction in one curriculum for immigrant adult learners - Briya combines English learning and digital skills in a single curriculum: \"All of their devices, software, and online programs use English, so their learners are integrating their English language learning (ELL) with...
Integrated AI Triad (IAT) model for teacher-AI cooperative instructional design - The IAT model, developed by Talebzadeh (2025a), is a conceptual framework structuring the cooperative workflow between teachers and generative AI during the design of learning trajectories.
Integrated Diplomacy course design alternating lectures and game sessions - A university international relations course built around the board game Diplomacy, with alternating \"1.5-hour lectures and 2-hour game sessions\" in a weekly cycle of reading, lectures with small-group discussion, game...
Integrated framework assigning complementary roles to flipped preparation, exemplar calibration, GenAI exploration, and studio refinement - The article proposes a pedagogical framework that connects flipped preparation, exemplar reference, GenAI-assisted visual exploration, and studio-based refinement in a practice-based design course.
Integrated framework combining Bayesian cognitive diagnosis, knowledge space theory, and cognitive load theory for personalized path optimization - The article proposes and validates \"a personalized learning path optimization framework that integrates Bayesian cognitive diagnosis, knowledge space theory, and cognitive load theory.\" Bayesian DINA estimation suppli...
Integrated Learning Pathways defined by four principles: competency-based, complementary, cumulative, and consistent - Learning pathways are system-wide learning progressions that \"function according to four principles: They are competency-based, complementary to disciplinary learning, consistent across classrooms, and cumulative from...
Integrated prevention-intervention framework connecting adaptive survey chatbots to mental health assessment tools - The dissertation's proposed framework (Objective 3) unifies the preventive layer (TigerGPT plus AURA) with the intervention layer (PsychoGPT and SMMR).
Integrated robotics course framework organizing a complete research workflow around one shared robot artifact - The framework organizes mechanical assembly, electrical setup, simulation, policy learning, system identification, and physical deployment around a shared robotic artifact.
Integrated simulation performance assessment design characteristics - The report enumerates four design characteristics of its integrated simulation performance assessment: \"(a) relevant, project-based scenarios that include meaningful, real-world tasks; (b) individual and team processe...
Integrated theoretical framework combining UDL, Bloom's Taxonomy, and design thinking for AI-focused faculty development - The institute design rested on three complementary lenses treated as interconnected rather than separate: Universal Design for Learning as the inclusive framework, Bloom's Taxonomy as a cognitive framework for judging...
Intelligent digital textbook framework with LLM-powered structured dialogue for reading comprehension support - The learning engineer collaborators are developing a framework for intelligent digital textbooks augmented with AI capabilities.
Intelligent Mixed-Reality Exhibit - A free-choice, hands-on exhibit augmented with computer-vision sensing and an animated character that runs a predict-observe-explain cycle over contrasting physical cases, then fades guidance into open-ended construction.
Intelligent tutoring system for fractions used in individual, collaborative, and combined learning conditions - An intelligent tutoring system for fractions served as the core learning environment in this study, deployed with \"382 4th and 5th grade students\" across three conditions: a combined condition and \"individual or colla...
Intelligent tutoring systems as three-model architectures operationalizing formative assessment - The article describes ITS as autonomous technologies that continuously assess learners' progress through formative assessment and deliver tailored instructional support.
Intent-to-didactic-approach mapping structuring responses by Bloom level and typed chunk selection - The system elicited the instructor's actual response practice into a small set of declarative didactic approaches (Definition, Identification, Illustration, Explanation, Comparison, Complex synthesis), each targeting...
Interactive oral grammar exercises with five defining qualities (Comeau) - The bibliography describes, citing Comeau (1992), an interactive oral grammar exercise defined as having five qualities: \"be communicative, be meaningful, provide a limited choice, be expressive, and be integrated wit...
Intercultural folk-tale multiliteracies program for preschool critical thinking - A seven-month pedagogical program implemented in a preschool in Larissa, Central Greece, during the school year 2018-2019 with 25 five-year-old children (48% boys, 52% girls).
Interdisciplinary Societal Dilemma Units - A school-based pattern that organizes interdisciplinary units around authentic societal dilemmas with no single correct answer, alternating disciplinary preparation with dialogic small-group deliberation, run out-of-school to escape institutional scheduling constraints.
Interdisciplinary teacher teams with a block of time and common planning as the middle school organizational core - The proposed organization standards specify that \"Teachers are organized into interdisciplinary teams to provide instruction in the core subjects of reading, language arts, science, mathematics, and social studies,\" s...
Interleave individual and team assignments to help students maintain AI practices across both contexts - The article's course design interleaved individual homework and team milestones in close temporal proximity, and the authors argue this \"provides a natural scaffold that purely sequential designs lack.\" The rapid reco...
Interpretable decision layer for outcome-independent coordination of teacher and student feedback - A transparent mechanism that combines teacher and student feedback to rank course topics needing attention without grades or outcome labels.
Invest in professional learning and partnership infrastructure for both college instructors and school-based support staff - The report finds the point person model functions because both sides receive training.
ISLE (Investigative Science Learning Environment): inquiry organized around observational, testing and application experiments - ISLE is an approach to physics teaching in which students build and test physics knowledge the way physicists do, starting from phenomena they observe with their own eyes and hands.
Iterative co-design development cycle with design-implement-revise cycles - M-PLANS development used a co-design process bringing research and practice closer together, structured as a series of design-implement-revise cycles over three years.
Iterative LLM refinement strategy for generating course-tailored exam questions - A two-stage generation procedure, similar to Self-Refine, in which an LLM generator produces multiple-choice questions from instructor-provided course materials and an AI judge labels each question \"good\" or \"bad\"; la...
Iterative TPACK design-practice cycle with feedback, revision, micro-teaching, and reflection - A reusable instructional pattern in which design practice is completed through repeated cycles.

J¶

Japan's decoupled reform: universal Python instruction with DNCL pseudocode examination - Japan's 2022 Information I reform standardizes \"Python for classroom instruction across all secondary schools\" while a domain-specific pseudocode (DNCL) is used for the national university entrance examination.
Jill Watson prompt-engineering personalization module integrated with the RAG pipeline - A modular personalization component for the Jill Watson virtual teaching assistant that encodes learner attributes in an engineered prompt conditioning the underlying LLM at runtime.
JiTT: a feedback loop between Web-based pre-class assignments and classroom instruction - JiTT is a teaching and learning approach that combines traditional in-class instruction with Web communication.
Jointly varying intrinsic and extraneous load in a Reversi game to isolate germane load effects - This design pattern uses a computer-based Reversi game with three conditions crossing a display factor affecting extraneous load (Black and White vs.
Jordan Chatbot: a unit-specific GPT-4o pedagogical support agent grounded in constructivist and socio-cultural learning theory - The Jordan Chatbot is a human-centred, pedagogical support agent built on the GPT-4o large language model and deployed as a unit-specific conversational agent within the LMS.
Journey maps structured as entry, action, and goal for learners and school systems - The blueprint uses journey maps as a reusable design structure for codifying success criteria.

K¶

Kern County regional BLA workforce planning pilot - A regional BLA workforce planning pilot that \"brought together county, district, and educator preparation program partners in Kern County for a series of planning workshops in 2025 to examine recruitment and retention...
KISS-Pro open educational resources: the openHPI MOOC on teacher professional development for AI in schools - To facilitate broader dissemination of INSIGHT, central elements of the training were transferred into open educational resources within the KISS-Pro project.
Knowledge-building pedagogy model with initial acculturation to collaborative culture before introducing Knowledge Forum - A design pattern emergent from failed starts in the Hong Kong teacher network: students are first acculturated to a collaborative culture before the Knowledge Forum tool is introduced.
Knowledge-building portfolios as assessment that characterizes and scaffolds collective knowledge advances - Knowledge-building portfolios are student-produced records in which learners select exemplary clusters of computer notes and write reflections explaining how the notes evidence knowledge building, guided by principles.
Knowledge–Learning–Instruction (KLI) framework as an organizing theory for AI instructional design - The KLI framework connects knowledge components, learning processes, and instructional principles to support robust learning.

L¶

La metodología Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) como marco para desarrollar competencias prácticas y valores en estudiantes universitarios - El catálogo presenta el Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) como metodología socioeducativa aplicada desde la educación física y el deporte.
Laboratory combining a fundamental-constant measurement, laser physics investigation, and nontrivial statistical analysis - The article's laboratory design integrates three strands in one experiment: an accurate measurement of a fundamental constant, investigation of the basic laser system's longitudinal modes, and nontrivial statistical a...
Language 0–5 Project longitudinal cohort with looking-while-listening processing speed measurement - The Language 0–5 Project is a large longitudinal cohort in the North West of England from which this study draws its data.
Language-embedded, project-based college-preparatory curriculum integrating content and language objectives - At Oakland International, all students learn English language skills alongside academic content within college-preparatory courses, using a project-based curriculum centered on students' lives and cultures.
Large high school divided into multiple small charter schools as a turnaround design - This whole-school design pattern converts one existing, underperforming public high school into a set of smaller autonomous charter schools sharing the same neighborhood catchment.
Latino/a Affinity Group at Huntley 158: an affinity space fostering belonging and retention of Latino/a teachers - Huntley Community School District 158 initiated a Latino/a Affinity Group \"to foster connections and support among Latino/a teachers, creating a sense of belonging and networking opportunities across the district to i...
LAUSD community school common roles and processes (coordinator, community rep, assets and needs assessment, benchmarks) - Each LAUSD community school implements common roles, processes, and structures codified in the collective bargaining agreement.
Learner-as-analyst: mechanistic transparency reframes the learner from spectator to analyst of a recorded process - The article's organizing stance holds that every quantity in the Bellman update should be inspectable at every step, with the record of those steps belonging to the learner.
Learning buddy chatbot guiding EFL students through online listening practice - A chatbot used in Study 2 to support English-as-Foreign-Language learners completing listening practices in a fully online course.
Learning interactives generation pipeline: four stages from teacher request to guidance components - Learning interactives are generated in four stages (Figure 2): Planning (from a teacher request to learning objectives and a simulation idea), Scaffolding (from objectives to K=5 levelled goals), Gen-UI (from idea and...
Learning Lab: educator pipeline and dissemination initiative for newcomer education - Opened in 2017 in partnership with the Reach Institute, the Learning Lab builds educator capacity for newcomer education through \"school site visits, professional development workshops, and research projects.\" It also...
Learning to Coach (L2C): an RL pipeline combining adaptive blending, a skill-change PFA, and a surrogate reward - L2C is the article's trainable coaching framework built on the Coaching Game formalism.
Learning-context personalization engine: mastery, spacing, and help-seeking signals guide when and how AI assistance is delivered - The article's learning-context modeling approach maintains student-level learning state to tailor support and sequencing.
LearnOpt framework: exam preparation as constrained optimization over an LLM-built exam knowledge graph with BKT mastery updates - LearnOpt reframes exam preparation as a constrained optimization problem: it ingests historical question papers, LLM-tags each question with chapter, topic, difficulty and skill via a chain-of-evidence prompt, builds...
Lecture-free, problem-centered, collaborative course pattern built on model construction and evaluation - The restructured Introductory Astronomy course was \"lecture-free, problem-centered, and collaborative in structure.\" Rather than presenting the heliocentric model linearly, students retraced the steps of evaluating an...
Left-hand alignment wearable with personalized baseline and event-based haptic feedback - A lightweight narrow band (approximately 1.5 cm wide) worn around the lower forearm near the wrist, intended to sense wrist alignment and forearm rotation using wearable sensing modalities such as orientation and surf...
Level 1 initial steps: address teacher beliefs through individual conferencing and establish teacher learning communities - At the first level of the trajectory, mentoring work consists of conversations with individual teachers about literacy instruction and relationship building, described as \"building relationships and establishing a lev...
LI(A)RA: competition team for the Multi-Agent Programming Contest integrated with a course - LI(A)RA was one of LIA's first competition projects, developing intelligent agents for the Multi-Agent Programming Contest (MAPC) as a natural extension of the undergraduate course \"Specialized Topics I\" (STI).
LIA's student-centered organizational framework integrating teaching, research, and extension - The paper proposes an organizational framework in which a stable student-elected administrative board governs a dynamic portfolio of student-led projects, with faculty acting as mentors.
Life-science-contextualized redesign of an introductory physics course - A course-level design pattern in which lecture questions, homework, hands-on sessions, and free-response exams are all rebuilt around life science contexts so students apply physical intuition to life-science-oriented...
Light-touch AI literacy warning about LLM persuasion and selective information - A brief pre-conversation warning telling users that LLMs \"can be 'prompted' to persuade or manipulate\" and \"may present information in a biased or selective way, emphasizing one side of an issue.\" The general version...
Lightweight UI for instructor-driven Bloom classification built on the selected-questions-verbs prompt - A lightweight tool built on the article's best-performing prompting strategy.
Link pediatric primary care and early intervention records to track EI-eligible children and improve timeliness, intensity, and outcomes - The article proposes integrating clinical and EI program data systems as a quality-improvement framework.
Linked classroom and home caregiver-child math activity model for early mathematics - This instructional pattern pairs weekly teacher-led small-group classroom math activities with caregiver-child home activities linked to the classroom content.
Little and McDaniel category learning paradigm distinguishing memorization from rule learning - A shape categorization task in which participants learn to sort 12 stimuli into two categories ('blickets' and 'daxes') defined by a disjunctive rule about inner and outer shape form or color.
LLM-assisted hardware debugging protocol mapped to the four-step troubleshooting model - The paper proposes a protocol following Katz and Anderson's troubleshooting model, in which an LLM-assistant supports each of the four steps: \"understanding the system, testing the system, locating the bug, and ﬁxing...
LLM-backed Chrome extension surfacing AI feedback drafts within Gradescope - A lightweight, LLM-backed Chrome extension integrated into the Gradescope grading platform, powered by o4-mini (selected via Bradley-Terry analysis of TA rankings).
LLM-based pipeline converting unstructured application materials into structured measures, including a seven-dimension essay quality score validated against expert ratings - The authors built an LLM-based pipeline that converts unstructured application materials (transcripts, recommendation letters, resumes, essays) into structured measures, extracting 216 measures designed with admission...
LLM-based project skill extraction workflow using a fine-tuned Llama 3.2 instruct model - A component that parses sponsor-provided project descriptions and asks an LLM to rate the necessity of each skill on a 0–5 scale, where \"a 5 is given when a skill is realistically indispensable for a project.\" The imp...
LLM-compiled wiki knowledge representation over an authentic course corpus - An ingest-time knowledge representation in which a course corpus is compiled into a linked wiki: \"concept pages synthesized by an LLM, cross links between related pages, and citations from every page back to the raw s...
Lloyd and Gray bulletin Reading in a Texas City: Diagnosis and Remedy - A University of Texas Bulletin (No.
Logic model of how technology mediation may reduce anxiety in viva voce performance-based assessments - The article proposes a logic model structuring how technology may reduce anxiety in viva voce assessments, organised as Inputs (technology mediation, assessment context, learner factors), Theoretical Mechanisms (socia...
Logic-aware segmented video intervention with fixed 4-second system-defined pauses - A post-hoc video processing intervention for instructional programming videos: after recording, content is cut at logical action boundaries and a fixed pause is injected after each step.
Los Padillas Wildlife Sanctuary (5-acre experiential education facility) - The Los Padillas Wildlife Sanctuary is a 5-acre experiential education facility on the school campus that was \"in disrepair and out of use\" in 2017 and revived at community insistence as an outdoor learning space.
LPF school trial: grade abolishment with standards-based competency grids, learning-development meetings, and formative feedback - The Learning-enhanced Performance Feedback (LPF) school trial was a quasi-experimental intervention in 35 Baden-Württemberg elementary schools beginning in the 2022/2023 school year, compared with 40 control schools.
Luminous Science Transdisciplinary Curriculum - A project genre that anchors art, science, and computing instruction in students' construction of computationally-rich, aesthetic representations (e.g., programmable sculptural lanterns) of a shared living phenomenon, forcing teachers and students to negotiate epistemic criteria across disciplines rather than treat one discipline's standards as primary.

M¶

MAIC: an LLM-driven multi-agent online course framework balancing scalability and adaptivity - MAIC (Massive AI-empowered Course) is a proposed form of online education in which instructors upload slides and LLM-driven agents prepare structured lecture resources, then deliver classes through a teacher agent, te...
Maieutic Partner / Generative Refusal framework for Tools for Thought - The paper proposes shifting GenAI from a \"Co-author\" role to a \"Maieutic Partner\" that facilitates inquiry by strategically withholding text generation.
Make school improvement teacher-led rather than administration-driven - The report argues that school-improvement initiatives should be led by teachers rather than imposed top-down by administrations.
Mapping an online tutoring environment onto Bandura's four requirements - The paper enumerates how eSylvan instantiated each of Bandura's four requirements in its design.
Maryland SLO implementation process and state support tools - The Maryland SLO component is an instructional process embedded in the TPE evaluation system, in which SLOs are \"the predominate measure of student growth for teachers and principals\" and may account for 30%-50% of th...
Master's pattern splitting study between education and a specialization, with the thesis discussed in light of educational principles - At the master's level, the department pairs education study with disciplinary specialization.
Mathbot's design framework: Constructionism combined with Reinforcement Learning Theory for adaptive AI-driven learning - The Mathbot intervention is grounded in a dual theoretical foundation combining Papert's Constructionism and Skinner's Reinforcement Learning Theory.
Mental and behavioral health referral pathways and community of practice - Referral pathways are site-level processes for routing students to behavioral and mental health supports.
Mental simulation training program: eight 30-min lessons alternating group instruction and individual computer-based practice - A 4-week reading strategy training in which \"Mental simulation was taught in a 4-week training program containing eight 30-min lessons (two lessons per week)\", alternating group instruction lessons with individual com...
Michigan Diverse Educator Advisory Group and director of diversity, equity, and inclusion - Michigan established the Diverse Educator Advisory Group in 2021 \"to provide recommendations for changes to educator workforce policy\", with results under review by department staff.
Micro-R&D: teachers test new tools and ideas on a small scale before successful practices enter the broader curriculum - At South Fayette Township School District (PA), R&D operates as a culture of experimentation rather than a department.
Middle school biotechnology fermented-drinks lesson demonstrating asset-based instruction and divergent formative assessment - A snapshot vignette of a middle school science lesson in which English learners at various proficiency levels work with non-English learner peers to apply biotechnology principles: researching fermented drinks made by...
Middle school transition-words writing lesson integrating self-assessment, peer feedback, and personal learning goals - A middle school lesson vignette in which English learners and native English-speaking students learn to show relationships between ideas by combining sentences with transition words.
Mild-disturbance classrooms approach conventional classrooms with minimal enclosed space - At the mildest level the booklet reduces special provisions: \"In classrooms for mildly disturbed children there is less need for enclosed spaces such as quiet rooms and study carrels.\" Drawing 7 is fully open with no...
Mitigate LLM hallucinations in material generation by drastic context pruning and segmented, section-by-section generation rather than single-prompt deck generation - The architecture keeps only a condensed three-paragraph context summary carried forward, plans structure without code, and generates LaTeX and Python section by section in an iterative loop.
Mixed genetic algorithm fitness function balancing homogeneous and heterogeneous grouping components - The article adapts a mixed genetic algorithm (inspired by Revelo Sanchez et al., 2021) for data-driven group formation.
Mixed-methods design combining 19 speech measures, listener ratings, and teacher introspective reports - The study's methodology combined quantitative and qualitative strands: \"a mixed-methods approach was used\" in which \"speech samples of 40 native French learners of English were analyzed using 19 quantitative speech me...
MLME: an open-access, project-based AI curriculum for thermal engineering totaling 39.1 hours with four core projects and three optional projects - The Machine Learning for Mechanical Engineers (MLME) course at UARK integrates AI into thermal engineering for ME students, distinct from computer-science AI courses by focusing on selection and implementation of AI a...
Mobility Agreement practice for embedding physical exercises in home care visits - The Mobility Agreement is a plan negotiated and prepared jointly by the home care worker and the elderly client, with the objective of promoting daily exercises such as stand-ups from a chair, balancing exercises and...
Modality-based question budget allocation favoring mechanism slides over structural slides - The system allocates a bounded question budget per slide based on detected modality and pedagogical role.
Modality-varied practice design: equal comprehension and production practice with rule-to-modality assignment varied between groups - This design pattern holds total practice constant while varying which rules are practiced in which modality.
Model Construction epistemic markers for model-based reasoning on Knowledge Forum - In phase 3 of the KBM unit, the teacher and researcher codesigned custom Model Construction epistemic markers on Knowledge Forum, such as 'I learned from this model', 'I have a new question', and 'I want to modify thi...
Modelo de evaluación formativa para cursos virtuales de matemáticas integrado con analítica de aprendizaje - The thesis presents \"un modelo para la puesta en marcha de cursos virtuales de matemáticas, el cual está basado en un proceso de evaluación formativa e integrado con analíticas de aprendizaje, este sigue las cinco fas...
Moderate-disturbance classrooms merge consultation into the quiet room and add group-project space - For moderately disturbed children the booklet relaxes the severe-disorder scheme: \"Classrooms for moderately disturbed children differ from those for severely disturbed children in the elimination of separate consulta...
Modular decomposition of AWE into scoring, surface-level feedback, and deep-level feedback - The article organizes automated writing evaluation as a modular architecture that divides AWE tasks into three modules: scoring, surface-level feedback, and deep-level feedback.
Modularized PBL+AI framework for biomedical engineering education - A four-module instructional architecture that embeds generative AI inside problem-based learning for biomedical AI courses.
Motivational scaffolding framework: six motivationally grounded goals for scaffold design in PBL - The article's central framework holds that scaffolds in problem-based learning environments should be designed around six motivational goals.
Multi-agent AI tutoring architecture with an orchestrating Tutor Agent and specialist agents - The article proposes a multi-agent architecture implemented on LangGraph in which a central Tutor Agent (GPT-4o) interprets student input and orchestrates other components via a ReAct-style framework.
Multi-agent generate–validate–revise framework with four specialized validator agents for math problem personalization - The framework formalizes context personalization of math problems as an iterative generate–validate–revise loop.
Multi-agent teacher-in-the-loop architecture for context personalization - The article introduces a multi-agent, teacher-in-the-loop architecture for context personalization in which a teacher enters a base problem and desired topic, an LLM generates the problem, and then four AI agents eval...
Multi-audience interactive module pattern: layered explanatory text plus parameter-adjustable simulation - The student modules share a reusable design: an interactive simulation whose physical parameters users can adjust, accompanied by explanatory text layered for different audiences.
Multi-disciplinary round-table consultation event aggregating views of 52 experts across practice, research and policy - Study 2 was a Primary-Secondary School Transitions Strategy Event held on Friday 24th January 2025, aggregating expert views from \"a multi-disciplinary expert panel of 52 experts within educational practice (Local Aut...
Multi-layered safety architecture for teacher-supervised educational chatbots - Teachers in the study articulated a safety architecture for LLM-powered chatbots composed of four component types: \"content scoping, presentation strategies, oversight mechanisms, and adaptation frameworks\".
Multi-phase professional learning structure: summer institute, school-year follow-ups, annual reunions, and pre-program needs assessment - The Academy's design runs \"for three and a half days in August, followed by three additional full-day follow-up sessions later in the school year, plus annual two-day follow-up seminars (\"reunions\") for prior Academy...
Multi-platform e-mentoring environment (Google Classroom, Nearpod, Facebook, Padlet) with distinct pedagogical functions - The intervention combined four digital platforms, each with a distinct function: 'Google Classroom functioned as the main organizational platform through which participants accessed weekly tasks, instructional videos,...
Multi-relational knowledge graph of the NCTB physics syllabus with ten ontological node types - The knowledge graph formalizes the 13-chapter NCTB syllabus as a multi-relational structure with 1,760 nodes across 10 ontological types (concepts, questions, quantities, figures, examples, entities, definitions, form...
Multi-representational program visualization tool with synchronized code, memory, and metaphor views - A web-based visualization probe designed for the study, drawing on MER/DeFT and concreteness fading.
Multicomponent middle school reading intervention: modified phonics program with ESL practices, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension strategy instruction on a 2-day decoding/encoding cycle - A research intervention delivered in small groups of two to four students in daily 40-minute sessions over about 13 weeks.
Multilevel Professional Development School Partnership - A three-tier meeting structure — a strategic policy group, a middle-management "broad knowledge community," and within-school "small knowledge communities" — for building a durable research-practice partnership between a teacher-education institution and multiple schools.
Multiliteracies pedagogy organized around four knowledge processes: experiencing, conceptualizing, analyzing, applying - The article applies the pedagogy of multiliteracies, in which literacy is treated as active meaning-making across multiple modes rather than sentence-bound rules of spelling and grammar.
Multimodal collaboration setup: shared whiteboard plus MOO environment with text chat - The studied environment combines two media for computer-mediated collaborative problem solving: \"a shared whiteboard and a MOO environment that includes a text chat facility.\" The whiteboard serves as a persistent sha...
Multipronged exploratory study: syllabi review of 11 marketing courses plus survey of 14 faculty and interviews - The article's empirical base is a multipronged exploratory analysis combining a review of marketing course syllabi, a survey of marketing educators, and follow-up qualitative interviews.

N¶

Need-supportive 4C/ID learning environment with 12 integrated autonomy, competence and relatedness implementations - An adapted version of the baseline 4C/ID-based online learning environment for research skills in which \"need support consisted of 12 implementations (four implementations for each need), based on existing research on...
Needs-sensing before design: surface state-specific structures, communication gaps, and coordination complexity to shape a collaborative - R15CC conducted needs-sensing during the Collaborative's development phase, and this work \"critically impacted the design of this FACE Collaborative.\" It surfaced diverse leadership structures, communication challenge...
Negotiation of common ground as a dual concept combining linguistic and cognitive approaches - The article combines the linguistic approach of Clark and Schaefer with the cognitivist approach of Bromme into one account of grounding.
Nest a full 300-minute instructional program within a school day of 360-400 minutes - The report argues that instructional time policy must build in realistic room for the human and operational demands of elementary classrooms rather than a maximally compressed schedule.
Nested inquiries: students pursue their own investigations intertwined with partnering scientists' projects in school-based citizen science - Nested inquiries are cases where educators and scientists strike a balance between students' own questions and those of partnering professional scientists, offering a solution to the tension among the multiple goals o...
NetLogo climate and complex systems model set with student guidebooks and teacher scripts - The study's main learning materials were four weather and climate agent-based models developed in NetLogo by a participating science teacher (Carbon Cycle, Climate with Feedback, Wind and Storm, Climate with Water Fee...
Networked 3D insulin-protein CSCL environment with supporting website - A CSCL environment for gene technology consisting of computer-based 3D models (a research laboratory and a molecular level of the cells where students pick up amino acids and place them in a chain) plus a website pres...
Nevada eight-step instructional materials adoption step matrix - Table 2 lays out an eight-step adoption process: issuing a Nevada-specific Request for Quote, publisher submission of digital materials, internal technical review, CARP evaluation and rating, forwarding recommendation...
Newcomer schools as self-contained learning environments for recently-arrived immigrant English Learners - Newcomer schools are \"an alternative, relatively self-contained learning environment specifically for newcomer students,\" created because \"traditional schools are not organized to meet the needs and challenges that ne...
Next Level Teaching Blueprint (NLTB): three-stage constraint-first design for Strategic Dialogue - A replicable instructional design system with three sequenced stages and explicit interaction protocols, described by the article as having \"a theoretical logic linking each element to Path 3 engagement.\" Stage 1 has...
Nine-lesson phenomenon-driven sequence: introduce phenomenon, observe, question, experiment, share data, read, revise model, extend - The guide sketches a nine-lesson sequence (approximately 45 minutes each) driven by a single phenomenon: why some playground surfaces are hotter than others.
Ninth-grade structure of interdisciplinary learning communities with double-dose courses and freshman seminars - This pattern organizes the ninth grade into \"small interdisciplinary learning communities within the 9th grade\" and pairs it with curricula based on \"double dose\" English and math courses.
NLP- and deep-learning-based educational chatbot for teaching Logo to secondary school learners - The article presents an experimental educational chatbot built on recent Natural Language Processing and deep learning techniques, intended to instruct secondary school learners Logo, an educational programming language.
Non-generative AI academic chatbot with TA-supported knowledge base and #quizme practice function - A text-based chatbot with non-generative AI capability that sent 2-3 scheduled, customized messages per week (about 40 per semester) to students in large online courses.
Non-linear AI literacy learning journey cycling through Understand, Evaluate, and Use - The report illustrates the framework in action through a high school lesson on AI chatbots, 'following a winding pathway of the three Modes of Engagement.' Students first learn how chatbots work, then responsibly tink...
Nonword learning paradigm comparing typing and handwriting with spelling and nonword-image association tests - The study used a paradigm in which participants learned nonwords varying in transcription regularity, each paired with an image, through either typing or handwriting.
North Coast Teacher Residency Consortium: a half-time special education residency that lets paraeducators keep their salaries while training - The Humboldt County Office of Education and Humboldt State University launched this residency in fall 2019 to recruit existing special education paraeducators across 32 primarily rural districts.
Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy (NPAH) as predictor of relative clause acquisition difficulty - The NPAH is a typological markedness hierarchy ordering relative clause types by accessibility of the relative pronoun's function.
Noun-ending form-focused instruction embedded in subject-matter teaching - An instructional treatment that draws learners' attention to selected French noun endings that reliably predict grammatical gender and provides practice associating endings with gender attribution.
Novel world knowledge-based audience design task with post-test knowledge attribution survey - A modified director task measuring adaptation to addressees' world knowledge rather than visual perspective.
NP session event logs as embedded assessment data - Newton's Playground automatically records detailed gameplay telemetry for assessment purposes.
NSF-funded longitudinal study of elementary and middle school math learning among ethnic minority students - Shell's tribute describes a research thread few in the field knew about: an NSF-funded in-depth longitudinal study of elementary and middle school student math learning and the factors influencing that learning, with...

O¶

Object-oriented collaborative research project pattern with phased knowledge-object development - The redesigned Bachelor Thesis course organized small groups to set up, conduct, and report an empirical research study for external clients across four phases — project initiation, research preparation, construction,...
On-premise OER-based AI knowledge-base assistant system for computer science education - A three-subsystem architecture comprising an LMS Layer, a Knowledge Base Layer with structured extraction and a FAISS vector index, and an AI Inference Layer with curriculum alignment and model optimization modules.
One assignment, three GAI role implementations: tutor, teammate, and tool modifications - The article presents a reusable assignment design pattern in which a single marketing assignment is modified for each GAI role.
One-year action and design-based research project on AI use across eight Danish upper secondary schools - The empirical basis of the study is a one-year action and design-based research project in which \"59 teachers from eight upper secondary schools developed action plans for interventions in the form of teaching activit...
Online knowledge-building trajectory built on two tools and two processes - The online TPACK learning trajectory organizes professional learning around two tools and two processes within a social metacognitive constructivist framework.
Online Peer Assisted Learning Community - A reusable lesson- and course-level design in which an online learning community is built on peer assisted learning, blended learning, and knowledge management.
Ontological principles bridging familiar mathematical concepts with algorithmic processes - The intervention used ontological principles to bridge familiar mathematical concepts with algorithmic processes, serving as the conceptual bridge in the PD design.
Open Talks about Artificial Intelligence: annual public lecture series - The Open Talks are an annual cycle of lectures open to students, researchers, industry professionals, educators, and AI enthusiasts, with all talks publicly available through LIA's YouTube channel.
Open-ended data-interpretation task in which students define their own standards for locating a boundary in simulation results - In this lab pattern, students must determine the magnetopause location in simulation plots without a prescribed method.
Oregon parent assessment-literacy modules - Oregon's Department of Education, working with Behavioral Research & Teaching at the University of Oregon and other partners, \"created five modules on topics such as the purpose of statewide assessments, how to make s...
Organization Simulation for Interdisciplinary Learning - A higher-education pattern in which interdisciplinary student teams role-play a consulting organization competing to win a real external client's business, building a shared, evolving proposal as the vehicle for interdisciplinary integration.
OSP guided inquiry lesson pattern: pairs investigate with what-if scenarios, peer instruction, and class presentation - In the OSP how-to pattern, students typically work in pairs to investigate a physical phenomenon using the technology.
OULAD snapshot evaluation protocol with leakage-excluded presentation-level split - The evaluation protocol constructs two snapshots per eligible student per assessment, at t = d-14 and t = d-7 before the due day, using only information available up to snapshot time; post-t interactions and assessmen...
OUSD open-access dual enrollment support model with the Point Person role - Oakland Unified School District's support model for open-access dual enrollment centers on the Point Person: \"a designated K–12 staff member in each dual enrollment classroom whose explicit role is to stay in proactiv...
Out-of-school lab for social sciences as a setting for PF-based learning of research methods - The studies took place in an interdisciplinary out-of-school lab at a large German university, offering projects for secondary students.

P¶

Padlet-plus-ChatGPT digital workspace configuration for e-portfolio speaking tasks - In the CEA implementation, students used two linked platforms: Padlet as the primary e-portfolio environment for uploading recorded speaking videos, receiving peer comments, and exchanging collaborative feedback, and...
Page and Scroll screen-presentation prototypes - Two HyperTalk word-processing prototypes compared in both experiments.
Pair a low-intrusion environmental analysis with knowledge elicitation when studying cognition in busy clinical settings - The article recommends sequencing a minimally intrusive environmental scan before more intrusive knowledge elicitation.
Pair-based, discovery-oriented LLM analysis activity following an eight-week disciplinary module - The intervention's design combined two pedagogical principles: Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development, realized through paired work, and Dewey's learning through experience, realized as an authentic discovery-oriente...
Pairing intensive math instruction with emotional and social support in a summer program - Math Corps pairs an academic component with a relational one: its founders' \"primary goal for the camp was to support the emotional and social needs of the students in Detroit,\" and they used their math-teaching backg...
Paper-based group awareness brochure with participant profiles - The group awareness intervention was a paper-based brochure containing profiles of all workshop participants, designed to support cognitive and social group awareness.
Parallel single-domain text-structure intervention design with diagrams, text-type vocabulary, summarization, and transfer instruction - Both interventions taught a domain-specific strategy for constructing text-level representations via close reading, analytical reasoning, and text-structure vocabulary with a domain-specific diagram or equation mappin...
Participatory design as a three-phase user-involvement approach to instructional re/design - Participatory design, imported from fields such as cognitive ergonomics and health promotion, aims to ensure active participation of users in design decisions that affect them.
Pedagogical friction: reflection-gated feedback architecture in which cognitive effort precedes support - The article introduces pedagogical friction as a first-class architectural primitive: revision suggestions are gated behind an intelligent reflection gate that assesses the student's written defense for substance and,...
Pepper robot with 52 co-designed LIS signs and four SOV-order signed sentences - The element is the Pepper social robot configured as a LIS signing agent: the authors co-designed and implemented \"a total of 52 LIS signs\" spanning school-related terms, common actions and nouns, and work-related voc...
Performance-objective-driven curriculum pattern pairing each stated objective with matched student activities - The guide states six lettered performance objectives (A through F) and then organizes its entire activity section objective by objective, so each activity serves a stated objective.
Pergamon multimedia learning environment with temple reconstructions and uncertainty expressions - A computer-based, linear learning environment about the ancient city Pergamon used as the study material.
Persona progression model: a four-stage AI-instructor persona (Guide→Collaborator→Peer→Launcher) operationalizing the Gradual Release of Responsibility framework for AI-mediated instruction - The persona progression model ties the AI instructor's tone and scaffolding depth to the learner's position in the module sequence across four stages: Guide (patient teacher, explains every concept), Collaborator (wor...
Perspectival coordination framework: egocentric-to-allocentric coordination as the cognitive process of symbol grounding in embodied mathematics designs - The article proposes that embodied designs stage a coordination between an egocentric perspective, in which actions are experienced with respect to one's own body, and an allocentric perspective, in which objects are...
Perturbation model of CSCL macro script design - The article proposes a pedagogical model for designing collaboration scripts in which the script's core action is perturbation: \"a script disturbs the natural convergence of a team and in doing so increases the intens...
PETSP-ML: a four-stage classroom process model for explanatory thinking in machine learning, adapted from CRISP-DM - PETSP-ML (Promotion of Explanatory Thinking Standard Process for Machine Learning) is a process model the authors developed \"to promote explanatory thinking in a structured manner\", adapted from the Cross-Industry Sta...
Phase-in schedule pacing resident responsibility and Danielson Clusters across the residency year - A reusable program-level design in which the clinical year is broken into 2-week increments that specify residents' coteaching roles, responsibilities, and strategies, plus focal Danielson Clusters that coursework rei...
PHAST Reading Program adaptation: 70-hour phonologically-weighted decoding strategies intervention - The intervention was an adaptation of the PHAST Reading Program delivered in small instructional groups of 5-8 students; \"These groups received 70 hours of intervention (typically 45ŌĆō60 minutes daily) during the sch...
Phoenix: a voice-based, non-embodied LLM conversational peer agent for group learning - Phoenix is a \"voice-based, non-embodied conversational agent that joins real-time group discussions through spoken dialogue with multiple participants\", positioned as an equal peer supporting knowledge co-construction...
Phonological processing assessment battery for third-grade literacy prediction - A set of measures of phonological awareness, phonological memory, rapid naming and visual processing administered to 50 students of the 3rd grade of an Elementary Public School to assess their contribution to reading...
Photon Fusion-based multi-site VR immersive learning system with real-time voice and shared 3D materials - A VR learning environment in which teachers and students connect via Wi-Fi using VR headsets and communicate through Photon Cloud, which acts as a central server to synchronize object states and audio among all client...
Physical fitness and executive function assessment battery for adolescents - A battery of nine physical tests and five cognitive instruments used to assess adolescents' fitness and executive functions: \"resistance strength with the 30-second Chair Stand Test\", explosive strength (standing broa...
PISA coaching quasi-experiment (Hauptschule and Gymnasium, reading and mathematics) - A pre-/posttest quasi-experimental study in which \"Coaching and pretest effects were studied for each content domain separately\" on the PISA reading and mathematics assessments.
Plural LLM assistance as a configurable arrangement of support around the user - This framework treats LLM assistance as a design space defined by arrangement rather than only by model capability or response quality.
Political/relational model of disability as the framing for rehumanizing mathematics professional development - The study situated disability in a political/relational model influenced by feminist and queer studies, in place of the traditional medical model focused on diagnosing and fixing individual deficits.
Posner cue paradigm visual cognitive task with three stimuli categories for assessing selective attention and inhibitory control - The study used a pc-based visual cognitive task based on the Posner cue paradigm to assess reaction time, accuracy and inhibition.
Post-progressive pedagogy through narrative game play: developing narrative accounts of scientific phenomena as a mechanism for scientific argumentation - The article proposes that location-based augmented reality games can create a \"post-progressive\" pedagogy in which students are immersed in authentic scientific inquiry and required to perform in adult scientific disc...
Post-reading group work in small groups where individual efforts are pooled to interpret the text - After the detailed work of a text is completed, the article recommends returning to global understanding through oral group discussion before whole-class discussion.
Powerful learning principles: personal and accessible, authentic and challenging, collaborative and connected, inquisitive and reflective - The paper defines powerful learning as \"a set of principles that guide educators to design learning experiences that meaningfully engage students\": \"personal and accessible, authentic and challenging, collaborative an...
Practice-based clinical mastery through progressively challenging simulated encounters - The article's organizing premise is that clinical competence, for AI as for physicians, is developed through practice rather than acquired through static knowledge testing alone.
PrairieLearn-integrated AI grading tool for handwritten mathematics with single-call transcription and rubric evaluation - The article presents a prototype AI-assisted grading tool integrated into PrairieLearn, an open-source online assessment platform, that evaluates open-ended mathematical responses submitted as handwritten photographs.
Pre-visit, on-site, post-visit field-trip activity arc - The Sea Turtle Trek packet structures a park field trip as three sequential activity phases: classroom preparation before the trip, hands-on activities conducted at the park, and classroom follow-up afterward.
Principle of validation authority: delegation is safe exactly where the delegator can validate outputs - The article introduces the principle of validation authority, grounded in a bespoke-versus-socially-validated distinction: a library routine is opaque but socially validated through published algorithms, testing, and...
Principled resistance: theory-grounded, dual-layer gatekeeping of AI-generated educational content - The article conceptualizes \"principled resistance\" as \"deliberate, theory-grounded pushback against AI outputs that fail pedagogical standards\", taking three concrete forms: rejecting (requesting regeneration), revisi...
Proceso de diseño instruccional ADDIE de cinco fases para cursos virtuales con evaluación formativa - El modelo de la tesis \"sigue las cinco fases del diseño instruccional ADDIE\", organizando la puesta en marcha de cursos virtuales de matemáticas en torno a un proceso de evaluación formativa integrado con analíticas d...
Professional learning communities (PLCs) with team structures and weekly scheduled meetings - Professional learning communities are structures that help educators inquire about and solve problems and reflect on their work together.
Proficiency-sensitive barrier-to-support mapping for EAP reading materials - The article organizes EAP reading adaptation around a mapping from proficiency-specific reading barriers to text-embedded supports, process indicators, and outcome foci.
Program-wide portfolio assessment in composition as a professional-development and consistency practice - An assessment practice in which writing-program faculty review sampled student portfolios across sections to gauge consistency and improve instruction.
Progressive home-based digital exercise pattern with eCoach guidance, reminders and self-paced progression - A lesson/programme-level design in which learners follow a progressive strength-and-balance curriculum at home at their own pace and convenience, guided by animated eCoaches providing \"instructions, guidance, safety i...
Progressive, varied balance circuit training with reactive postural challenges - The intervention was a balance circuit training on varying surfaces with eight stations per session of 5 minutes each, designed to \"induce reactive postural adjustments, forcing participants to permanently re-stabilize\".
Project Cal-Well three-component school mental health model implemented in DNUSD - Project Cal-Well is a California Department of Education program, initiated in 2014 and funded by a SAMHSA NITT-AWARE grant, that \"aims to expand mental health services in schools and communities.\" In Cohort 2 (2019–2...
Project-based robotics + AI curriculum structured by P3 Task Taxonomy with backward design - The curriculum comprised 10 lessons followed by a robotics engineering design challenge, aligned with K-12 CS standards and structured using Barak and Assal's P3 Task Taxonomy: Practice tasks with predefined solutions...
Promising county-level coordination practices: centralized eligibility lists, streamlined multi-agency collaboration, and pooled QRIS resources - Across its county case studies, the report identifies a recurring pattern of local practices that partially offset state-level fragmentation.
Prompt Literacy Cycle: a five-stage recursive structure for daily prompting practice - The Prompt Literacy Cycle is the instructional tool nested within Phase Two of the framework, giving students a concrete, repeatable structure for developing prompt literacy at the level of daily practice.
Prompt Programming platform with bug injection pipeline - A publicly available web platform supporting prompt-based programming through dialogue with a GenAI assistant (GPT-4o-mini), hidden-test execution, and direct code editing.
Prompt-based teachable ChatGPT agent structured by a five-stage help-seeking model - The teachable ChatGPT agent is a prompt-based configuration of gpt-4 that role-plays a help-seeking student learning the eight queens puzzle.
ProPACT Hybrid-AI feedback system with five feedback tools and hierarchical trigger policy - The feedback system is a Hybrid-AI framework that \"combines data-driven forecasting with rule-based pedagogical decision-making\".
Provide free or low-cost technical support and device access so families can maintain the technology they need - Even when families own devices, they often lack affordable technical support.
Provide resident stipends covering living expenses so candidates can fully participate in yearlong clinical placements - Paid residency stipends intended to cover living expenses are an essential feature of Texas residencies.
PS-I error-based learning materials on thermal insulation (wool vs. down) with four condition variants - Worksheet-based learning materials developed by the research team, based on prior work by Schmidt (2016), in which \"students worked on three experiments in total throughout the PS- and I-phases.\" The materials taught...
Puppetry-facilitated ecology lessons within a STE(A)M curriculum - This pattern delivers ecology content through puppetry performances as an arts-integrated science lesson format.
Purpose-built no-code vibe-coding research platform for controlled experimentation - A custom web platform built for controlled study of LLM-native software creation.
Push-in short-burst tutoring with personalized dosage - The program's instructional pattern places tutors inside the regular classroom rather than pulling students out: tutors \"work with individual students in 5-10 minute increment sessions during blocks of reading instruc...

Q¶

QLoRA-based SFT pipeline for phoneme-controlled children's story generation with three 8B LLMs and four experimental designs - The article builds a pipeline that fine-tunes Llama 3 8B, Apertus 8B-instruct-2509, and Granite 3.3 8b-instruct using QLoRA (4-bit NF4 quantization with LoRA adapters, rank 32, alpha 64) on input-target pairs pairing...
Quilt Project: Six-Session Integrated STEM Unit - A six-session project developed for the GEMS afterschool club by expanding a quilt mathematics task.

R¶

RAG-based GenAI chatbot used as the AI-assisted learning support in the external validity study - The external validity study used a GenAI chatbot built with a retrieval-augmented generation approach: learner prompts are embedded, cosine similarity retrieves relevant stored knowledge, and GPT-4o generates response...
RAG-based GPT-4o lesson generation system with task-decomposition prompting for tutor training lessons - A two-step system in which a lesson designer first retrieves research articles on effective tutoring practices, then uses them to prompt the GPT-4o model (gpt-4o-2024-05-13) to generate scenario-based lessons for trai...
RALL-E robot-assisted language learning prototype - RALL-E (Robot-Assisted Language Learning in Education) is an Alelo project that migrates agent technology to the Robokind R25 robot, producing a prototype that can engage in conversation in Chinese.
Re-experiencing: a generative learning activity in which learners watch a 3D VR replay of their own past performance to engage visualizing and enacting modes - Re-experiencing is a newly conceptualized generative learning activity in which a learner is recorded performing a task and then rewatchs the recording in immersive VR, shifting \"from being the one carrying out a task...
Reactive and proactive AI writing agents on a minimalist multimodal writing platform - The study developed two AI agents that manipulated conversational initiative while holding other features constant: both used the same interface, visual inputs, VizChat architecture, Retrieval-Augmented Generation pip...
Reasoning-Centered Product Loop: Orient, Visualize, Repair, Retrieve, Verify - A five-part design framework the authors propose for educational AI, moving beyond answer delivery.
Recommended list of ten psychology textbooks with Elementary and Advanced requirements - To secure a uniform basis for the examinations, the committee recommends ten texts, including Betts, Angell, Kirkpatrick, James, Seashore, Judd, Dewey, Titchener, Calkins, and Thorndike, each annotated (e.g., Seashore...
Reflective assessment as collaborative, embedded metacognitive assessment for knowledge building - Reflective assessment is a framework in which students reflect on criteria or learning goals, generate their own feedback, and improve ongoing learning.
Relational bridge: AI-enabled pedagogical accompaniment as temporary, directional, bounded micro-mediation toward human engagement - The framework defines AI-enabled pedagogical accompaniment as \"a structured process that supports learners in clarifying goals, articulating questions, and identifying next steps, while consistently orienting interact...
Remora Free Body Diagram Require-GenAI task - A task deployed in an undergraduate introductory physics course in which students collaborate with GenAI to construct the most accurate free body diagram of a remora fish attached to a shark.
Report Assessment & Feedback (RAF) procedure with human-in-the-loop approval of all feedback reports - The RAF procedure is a flowchart (Figure 1) for AI-assisted report assessment.
Representational scripting: sequencing part-tasks and matching each tool's ontology to part-task demands - Representational scripting integrates collaboration scripts with representational tools so that the problem-solving process is sequenced into part-tasks whose demands are made explicit, and each tool's representationa...
Require prospective industrial arts teachers to study behavioral and social science coursework on the human side of enterprise - The monograph recommends that teacher educators design or select courses describing \"the relationships ofmen with men, machines with machines, and men with machines,\" including fundamentals of human interaction at wor...
Research-shaped homework: self-contained undergraduate problems combining multiple methods, data representations, and workflows with AI permitted as a partner - A homework design in which assignments are \"self-contained pieces\" of professional research practice, combining several methods, data representations, and workflows rather than routine applications of one known method.
Residency clinical faculty site coordinator role - The site coordinator is a clinical faculty role at residency partner educator preparation programs, described by US PREP as a \"critical linchpin\" to transformed residencies and much expanded compared to typical clinic...
Retrieval-augmented Conversational AI Tutor with modular GROW-aligned coaching routines - The Conversational AI Tutor is a retrieval-grounded conversational module built on GPT-4.1 with a RAG layer that anchors each response in the learner's own multimodal records (transcripts, BARS scores, emotion descrip...
Retrieval-augmented generative AI learning platform for construction education - A web-based generative AI–supported learning platform developed for construction education that \"enables document-grounded interaction with course materials and generates source-linked responses aligned with curated i...
Return to Learn legislation framework for studying pandemic learning in Michigan - Michigan's Return to Learn legislation (2020 PA 147, 148, 149) tasked the Michigan Department of Education with \"studying student progress toward learning goals during and beyond the 2020-21 school year.\" It also dire...
Reusable simulation architecture for dynamic relational learning environments - The article abstracts SupplyNet's pipeline into \"a reusable simulation architecture for dynamic relational learning environments.\" A graph represents domain entities, dependencies, and time-varying states; agents and...
Reusable structured prompt template built up across lesson sections - The lesson taught students a reusable template for constructing prompts, built up throughout the lesson sections, to help them remember to address each learning objective.
RIDE instructional program with prompts in a shared simulation discovery environment - A computerized instructional program that teaches the RIDE collaboration rules before learners work in a shared discovery learning environment, plus pop-up prompts reminding learners of the rules during tasks.
RIDE rules for effective collaboration - The RIDE rules — Respect, Intelligent collaboration, Deciding together, and Encouraging — are communication rules summarizing essential characteristics of effective collaboration, derived by Saab et al.
RIDE rules: four principles for effective collaborative communication - The RIDE framework groups literature-derived characteristics of effective collaboration under four principles: Respect, Intelligent collaboration, Deciding together, and Encouraging.
Rigid zoning with clearly separated noisy and quiet areas for severely disturbed children - For severely disturbed children the booklet prescribes the most structured arrangement: \"The schemes for teaching areas for severely disturbed children are fairly rigid in their design.
Risk-and-mitigation task tables: each LLM-supported task pairs a baseline prompt with task-specific risks and mitigation strategies - The taxonomy is instantiated as four tables (Tables 2-5), one per workflow stage, where each task row gives a definition, a model-agnostic baseline prompt, and a risk-and-mitigation column.
RL-SFT-RL: a multi-stage pipeline combining pedagogically aligned RL, difficulty-weighted SFT on RL-generated synthetic data, and an optional second RL round - The article proposes a three-phase training framework formalized in Algorithm 1: an initial RL stage (DAPO with asymmetric clipping) that identifies and trains on the base model's hard negatives; an SFT phase that use...
Robot Study Companion (RSC) v4.1 open-source social robot chassis - The RSC is an affordable, compact, 3D-printed desktop social robot built around a Raspberry Pi with peripherals enabling multimodal interaction, including a touchscreen, servo-driven flippers, an LED ring, microphones...
Role-Adaptive AI Companion Framework: a Modular Adaptive Agent that dynamically switches between Student Peer, Teacher Assistant, and Parent Advisor roles - The framework conceptualizes an AI companion as a Modular Adaptive Agent (MAA), inspired by Multi-Agent Systems role-differentiation principles, that \"dynamically transitions between three primary roles: the ‘Student...
Role-reversal pedagogy: positioning the student as instructor of an LLM to convert passive consumption into active knowledge construction - The article's organizing framework inverts the dominant LLM-as-tutor paradigm: \"we propose to use LLMs in a reversed role, i.e., let a student teach an LLM to solve a question,\" so that \"a student will be pushed to un...
ROS-based disassembly station with two robots and conveyor belts as the project hardware platform - The student project used a hardware disassembly station consisting of two robots and two conveyor belts, with a ROS backbone controlling the robots and adjunct installations.
Rotating starter stations that stimulate interest and introduce concepts before a focused investigation - A lesson-level pattern in which students rotate in parallel through brief interactive stations, each introducing one concept relevant to later activity components.
Rubric-item guidance table for delegating AI feedback by criterion - Table 1 of the article provides per-criterion recommendations for instructors using AI feedback on laboratory reports, elaborated by the authors from the analyzed experience.
Rural multisite rotation: each member works across a rotation of sites to maximize coverage where resources are scarce - In rural settings with severe workforce shortages, YMHC members are assigned across a rotation of sites (school, high school, alternative school, public library, restorative justice program) rather than a single place...

S¶

Same-faculty cohort pairing of college-level and corequisite courses - All six implementing institutions delivered the paired courses as a cohort, with one instructor teaching both the college-level and the developmental-level course to the same group of students.
Sample of 11 German academic-track secondary schools used to assess representativeness - Table S1 documents the 11 participating schools with geographical location, size (372–1332 students), gender composition, and proportion of foreigners, drawing on official statistics.
San Diego STEM Pathways Community Advisory Committee (CAC) - The CAC is a cross-sector coalition formed in 2024 to lay the groundwork for regional STEM pathway initiatives.
San Francisco Department of Early Childhood and Early Learning for All network - The San Francisco Department of Early Childhood (DEC) is a dedicated local governing agency for early childhood, reporting to the mayor, formed in 2013 and renamed in 2022 when it merged with First 5 San Francisco.
Sanger STaR integrated two-semester curriculum: eleven courses consolidated into two yearlong integrated courses, saving residents roughly $4,000 - Fresno State faculty and Sanger Unified leadership redesigned the STaR residency curriculum from three semesters with eleven separate courses into two yearlong integrated courses, one spanning pedagogy content and one...
Scaffolded video ethnography project with peer assessment and self-reflection - The video project is the key component of a cross-cultural communication course: students videotape a five- to seven-minute interview with a native or experienced speaker about cross-cultural experiences, then give a...
Scaffolding via level-gated progression and hearts in Duolingo - The article describes Duolingo's design as scaffolding, in which learners progress into more advanced levels once they show competence at the previous level.
Scaffolding-perspective comparison of chatbots and search engines as technological scaffolds for problem posing - The article frames chatbots and search engines as two distinct forms of technological scaffolding for problem-based inquiry, taking interaction mode as its entry point.
Schema-driven story planning with a graphic-organizer planning sheet - A lesson-level design pattern within SRSD for narrative writing: students are first trained to identify the important parts of a story (characters, time, place, trigger, events, denouement, resolution) across texts, t...
School-community-family partnership pattern pairing tutoring dosage with regular family contact - The program's design pattern combines a minimum tutoring dosage with structured family outreach: \"FF sites are expected to provide students with a minimum of three 30-minute tutoring sessions per week and to communica...
School-within-a-school career academy structure with sustained student-teacher clusters - This pattern organizes a small learning community inside a larger high school.
Schools: interactive lecture-demonstration-exercise sessions embedded in the project timeline - Schools are the article's format for teaching base qualifications within the project.
Schoolwide coherence through coordinated adoption of a structured direct instruction program - Ackerman Elementary achieved the highest coherence ratings among the 11 field study schools by adopting a Direct Instruction program providing scripted lessons and matching assessments in mathematics and reading for g...
SCOE centralized school-based mental health services through an FQHC-eligible Medi-Cal billing model - SCOE hires clinicians and places them in schools under the Sacramento County Health Center, a Federally Qualified Healthcare Center eligible for Medi-Cal billing.
SCOE mental health career pathway employing peer specialists, graduate clinical interns, and associate clinicians - To address a shortage of available mental health clinicians, SCOE built a career pathway using peer specialists, graduate clinical interns, and associate clinicians in paid positions.
Script mechanics as data-structure transformations between phases - The article accounts for how script components relate to one another computationally: \"These mechanisms are encompassed in the transformation of data structures (social structure, resources structure and products stru...
Scripted one-to-one tutoring with fixed dosage and paraprofessional tutors - Galaxy Math operationalizes tutoring as a scripted, fixed-dosage, one-to-one delivery model: \"The program is scripted, and tutors are expected to follow the scripts without reading them or memorizing them.\" Sessions a...
Scrum methodology as an educational scaffold: a project-management framework with ceremonies, roles and artefacts that structures planning, monitoring and reflection in complex context-based learning environments - Scrum methodology is \"a project management framework\" from business and industry, restyled for education.
Scrutable interfaces for generative AI: manipulable knowledge representations that let users shape outputs without understanding the model - Scrutable interfaces use a knowledge representation, such as a concept map, to structure users' interactions with an underlying AI model.
SDD template project with copilot-instructions.md custom instructions and docs/ artifact directories for AI-agent workflow in SDPBL - A template project directory for Visual Studio Code distributed to each team to operationalize SDD in the course.
Secant–tangent transition applet characterized via the conceptual-structure variables - An interactive applet illustrates the metadata characterization: it represents a function graphically with a secant line defined by two points, one varying with a parameter h; as h approaches zero the secant converges...
Secuencia de cinco actividades que va del problema cotidiano a la construcción de un instrumento de medición - El patrón organiza la enseñanza en cinco actividades encadenadas: indagación introductoria sobre las sombras y la hora sin relojes; diseño de una maqueta de los arcos solares; debate histórico sobre modelos geocéntric...
Segment-structure transcript format with boldface labels replacing bracketed nonverbal insertions - The v6m system instructions organize transcripts into distinct verbal and descriptive segments marked by boldface labels rather than square brackets, with both segment types able to contain math.
Self-determination skills function as access strategies that supplement students' means of reaching the general curriculum - The article frames self-determination not merely as a personal competency but as a functional mechanism of curricular access: teaching these skills supplies students with additional means of engaging the general curri...
Self-improving mechanism: learning strategy-selection criteria from student model states by concept learning from examples - The article's central mechanism account is that a tutor can improve itself by inducing selection criteria from its own experience.
Self-study and discussion model: preparatory self-study enhances learning by transforming the quality of subsequent peer discussion - The model, proposed by Lim and Park (2023) and extended here to high school students, holds that self-study supports individual cognitive construction while peer discussion facilitates the social construction of knowl...
Semester-long reflective culture session structure for the EFL classroom - The article describes a recurring learning-session structure sustained for a whole semester, combining reflective description of everyday objects, stepping out of one's \"myness\" to examine professional identity, refle...
Semi-automated three-stage human-in-the-loop pipeline for generating dialogue-based TTS lesson videos - A lesson-video generation workflow with three stages: LLM-based slide generation (Claude 3.5 Sonnet producing Marp Markdown slides), LLM-based TTS-optimized narration generation, and automated speech synthesis and int...
Semi-structured interview protocol and PVEST-aligned codebook for studying Black girls' identity and socialization - A qualitative data-collection and analysis toolkit: 12 semi-structured interviews (average 32 minutes, ranging 23–42) covering Black girlhood meaning-making, school and STEM attitudes, and parental messaging, coded in...
Sequence of nine structured instructor-led AI demonstrations for modeling strategic LLM delegation and evaluation - A deployable classroom intervention: nine short, instructor-led AI demonstrations delivered at roughly weekly cadence, progressing from baseline tool literacy through pedagogical framing (metacognition, Socratic tutor...
Sequenced literacy units organized around a Driving Task Prompt moving through comprehension, knowledge building, genre study, synthesis, and writing - This pattern organizes curriculum units and modules around a Driving Task Prompt within a disciplinary-literacy framework.
Serial order versus item recall short-term memory task battery with fMRI - A task battery contrasting short-term memory for serial order with short-term memory for item information, administered behaviorally and inside the fMRI scanner to adults with a history of developmental dyscalculia an...
Seven activity types by which SE grantees equip subgrantees to serve students with disabilities and English learners - From open-ended survey responses, the report tallies seven activity types grantees used to ensure subgrantees can serve all students: technical assistance, partnering with the SEA, monitoring and audits, training, app...
Seven trialogue designs for two-agent conversations with a human learner, adaptively administered by learner knowledge - Trialogues involve a human interacting with two agents, typically a tutor agent and a student peer agent.
Seven unit-specific custom GPT chatbots for pharmaceutical science units - Seven custom GPT chatbots (cGPTs) were co-created for six undergraduate units in a Bachelor of Pharmaceutical Science program: Polymer Knowledge, Polymer Socratic, Physiology 1, Physiology 2, Medicinal Chemistry 1, Ph...
Seven-Lesson Kindergarten Equal Sign Sequence - Seven lessons within an 18-lesson kindergarten early algebra intervention that \"focused specifically on developing students’ understandings of mathematical equivalence and fluency with equations\".
Seven-lever course-design framework for shaping student AI use - The framework defines a lever as \"a recurring feature of the course environment that students experience, that can be configured differently by someone within the institution, and that may influence what students do w...
Seven-session FTW sequence circling from far future through present to near future - The FTW is delivered as a series of seven sessions — Imagineering, Modelling, Role-play, Retrofit, Everyday, Futurefit and Requirements — each with a defined outcome recorded by facilitators.
Seven-step cloud-supported innovation-creation sequence from problem specification to publication - The model's instruction process is enacted as a seven-step sequence in which the teacher specifies a problem and learners progressively plan, create, test, present, improve, and publicize innovations using cloud techn...
Seven-step Maastricht PBL tutorial cycle with progressive case disclosure and group presentation - The course used a hybrid form of the 7-step Maastricht PBL model in which a case 'story' unfolds progressively over tutorials through 'pages' of information following a trigger scenario.
Seven-text climate change reading task with conflicting source documents - The reading task comprised seven separate one-page texts about different aspects of climate change: a neutral textbook excerpt plus six texts with partly conflicting information on causes, consequences, and solutions...
Shard elevator ride smartphone acceleration dataset with AIRIS-structured student guide - A concrete classroom task in which a smartphone recorded vertical acceleration during a downward elevator ride in the Shard (London) from floor 34 to the ground floor, held vertically against the elevator wall so only...
Share early care information through trusted community channels and in families' routine settings and languages - The report presents strategic communication as both an engine and a by-product of alignment and coherence, and recommends bidirectional communication that builds awareness while gathering timely, honest feedback.
Shared story reading: reader-listener interaction around read-aloud age-appropriate literature with supported student interaction - Shared story reading (also called read alouds, repeated storybook reading, story-based lesson, and literacy-based lesson) is defined as \"a practice used to access age-appropriate literature through reader-listener int...
Shared-dialogue foundation methods: team-defined mission, behavioral standards, cultural intelligence, and self-assessments - This pattern is the article's own enumerated set of methods for creating a student shared dialogue before and during an international interdisciplinary service-learning course.
Short online cross-disciplinary mini-course of themed modeling assignments for building systems thinking - This pattern is a short, cross-disciplinary online learning sequence in which learners complete a small set of themed assignments and produce conceptual models.
Short online growth mindset intervention module (two self-administered sessions) - A scalable, low-cost online module of two self-administered sessions of roughly 25 minutes each, delivered about 20 days apart during school hours, that teaches that intellectual abilities can be developed.
SimLab: a condensed four-session Change Laboratory pattern combining in-situ simulation with facilitated expansive learning discussions - SimLab adapts the Change Laboratory formative intervention — typically up to ten-plus sessions — into four sessions designed \"for the demands of the general practice workplace\".
Simple pendulum simulation with parameter sliders, analytical-overlay graph, and enhanced large-angle version - An LLM-generated interactive pendulum simulation (Figure 1) with sliders for mass, length, initial angle, and angular velocity, and graphs of angle and angular velocity over time with the analytical small-angle soluti...
Simulated classroom assessment with educational films, quizzes, and video/EEG monitoring - A laboratory analogue of a classroom used to measure learning, attention, and arousal objectively.
Site coordinator role combining field supervision, coaching, seminar teaching, mentor training, and governance facilitation - The site coordinator, a role common to US PREP residency transformation sites, fulfills the responsibilities of traditional university field supervisors—\"supervising, coaching, and conducting observations for resident...
Six common contexts where proportional relationships arise - The paper enumerates the everyday and mathematical settings where, in its words, 'common sense informs us that a proportional relationship is at play': unit conversion and exchange rates, constant rates, percentages,...
Six common features of promising early educator preparation models - Across three case studies targeting different workforce segments, the report identifies shared design features: \"Local early educator pipelines and pathways,\" relationship-building among students, instructors, and sta...
Six design requirements organized by concept, group, and individual analysis objects for attention visualization - From a preliminary study with four education experts, the authors derived six design requirements (R1-R6) categorized by three analysis objects: the course concept, the student group, and the individual student.
Six key practices of a community school serving immigrant, multilingual communities - The report distills UCLA Community School's approach into six key practices: knowing and building on a community's history, assets, and culture; developing and articulating desired core competencies; nurturing shared...
Six key strategies characterize how SEAs implement SEA and LEA roles in school improvement under ESSA - From interviews with school improvement leads in 10 SEAs, the authors identified six strategies present in every SEA's approach: taking on multiple roles with LEAs, balancing support and accountability, differentiatin...
Six major design components of an inclusive math circle for low-income minority middle school students - The authors concluded the circle's effectiveness rested on a set of design components conceptualized as part of an enculturation process into the culture of mathematics: control of the physical environment (meeting in...
Six visualizations for tracing and comparing trustworthiness metric violations across LLM responses - The article co-designed six visualizations that help learning engineers trace where each trustworthiness metric was violated in an LLM response and compare relative performance across multiple responses.
Six-family guided LLM-use protocol operationalizing scaffolding, help-seeking, self-regulation, and AI-literacy principles - The guided-use protocol is a student-facing training and rule set delivered before Topic 2 with weekly reminders, framing the model as \"a fallible tutor rather than an answer source\" and emphasizing \"explanation-seeki...
Six-part section structure for FEA-based experiential learning modules - Each section of the FEA-based learning module followed a fixed internal structure of six sub-sections: \"Educational objective, Problem description and objective analysis, Mathematical equation, General steps of the FE...
Six-phase AI-assisted instructional design pipeline under the Curriculum as Code paradigm - The article formalizes instructional material creation as an engineering process analogous to CI/CD pipelines, composed of six sequential phases: Context Injection, Pedagogical Calibration, Technical Calibration, Plan...
Six-phase assignment process mapped to BRT cognitive steps - Each weekly assignment is structured under six phases corresponding to BRT's cognitive process dimensions.
Six-phase controversy mapping project sequence for science classrooms - A project-level design pattern in which students work through six phases: (1) surfing and scraping the internet on a controversial issue with Navicrawler logging visited URLs, (2) selecting and importing data to Gephi...
Six-phase turn-taking narrative interaction protocol for human-robot story co-creation - A reusable interaction structure for a joint human-robot storytelling session, organised in six phases: introduction (task explanation and partner detection), iCub turn (robot asks for, grasps and identifies the first...
Six-stage cascade architecture for end-to-end instructional video generation - Nearly all submissions instantiate a six-stage cascade: \"persona parsing and routing, lesson planning, slide and script composition, visual rendering, narration synthesis, and assembly.\" Recurring design choices inclu...
Six-step classroom C/I process: ideas, questions, positive comments, negative comments, metric, new ideas — cycled to refine the solution - The article's process \"begins with statement by the instructor of a problem or goal, and then involves requests for: (1) ideas, (2) questions, (3) positive critical comments on the ideas, (4) negative critical comment...
Six-step engineering design process as the teaching and learning sequence - The model's teaching and learning process follows the engineering design process with six steps: \"problem identification, related information search, solution design, planning and development, testing evaluation, and...
Six-step implementation process for an admissions portfolio review system - The report documents the process the Ross Undergraduate Admissions team used to build and run portfolio review: align the portfolio to central admission processes, establish technological capacity, develop rubrics, bu...
Six-test repeated-measures cognitive battery (UFOV, SOPT, IT, TSP, SART, TMT) - A battery of six widely used psychometric tests administered in a fixed order (UFOV, SOPT, IT, TSP, SART, TMT) at four time-points, chosen because each measures a process previously shown to be alcohol-sensitive, each...
Six-week co-taught literacy unit embedded in special education methods courses - An intensive 6-week literacy unit embedded within two existing special education methods courses (mild interventions and intense interventions licensure programs) at a midsize Midwest university.
Sixteen mathematical measurement activities across length, area, weight, and volume dimensions designed to elicit peer interaction - The study designed and implemented sixteen activities based on the dimensions of mathematical measurement skills of length, area, weight, and volume, with four activities per dimension.
Skill-targeted explanation styles: pragmatic versus contingent LLM error-message rewrites - The article defines two skill-targeted explanation styles for LLM rewrites of Python error messages, designed for different assessed proficiency levels.
Skill-targeted social and emotional learning curriculum evaluated in the trial - The article evaluates a social and emotional learning curriculum that the title describes as \"Skill-Targeted\", meaning it targets specific SEL skills rather than a general approach.
Skill-training design model: introduce surface declarative knowledge, consolidate to conceptual understanding, then prepare transfer to applied settings - The article organizes its training design and analyses around models of learning-skill development, chiefly Hattie and Donoghue's (2016) framework and Efklides' (2011) MASRL model.
Skyline College Education/Child Development Program: community college lab school with mentored clinical practice - Skyline College's Education/Child Development Program is a traditional community college department preparing early educators for classroom teaching toward an associate degree or Child Development Permit.
Small rural districts should pool resources through cross-district consortiums to attain capacity no single district could achieve alone - The report's first lesson is \"Working Stronger Together\": by bringing together small, rural districts, the consortium \"amassed and leveraged resources that individual districts likely would not have attained by workin...
Small-group station rotation for Tier 2 reading intervention - The program organizes intervention as rotation of small groups of four students through instructional stations.
SMALLab mixed-reality design pivots on three principles: face-to-face interaction, distributed thought and action, and immediate consolidation - The SMALLab mixed-reality classroom design, presented by Birchfield and Megowan-Romanowicz, pivots on three principles: direct face-to-face interaction among co-located participants should be cultivated; thought and a...
Social capital elements as design levers for online teacher professional development - The article frames teacher collaboration in online asynchronous PD through social capital mechanisms.
Social presence framework with interpersonal, open, and cohesive communication as a design basis for educational chatbots - The article uses a social presence framework comprising three communication types — interpersonal communication, open communication, and cohesive communication — as the design basis for the learning buddy chatbot in S...
Social-constructionist collaborative writing classroom - In the collaborative classroom the paper describes, \"the teacher is a facilitator, setting up an environment for students to work together on all stages of the writing process\", from getting ideas through several drafts.
Sociotechnical Systems Theory frames ChatGPT as a technical support provider interlinked with the social context of the laboratory course - The article applies Sociotechnical Systems (STS) Theory, which \"gives a systems thinking perspective to an entity where people (with their effectiveness and abilities) work towards goals by following specific processe...
SOL-aligned multimedia lesson sequence: key terms with images first, then short signaled sentences - A lesson-level design pattern the article demonstrates with an Italian fifth-grade social-studies passage: essential information is extracted from the original text and presented across slides that (a) build prior kno...
Spec-Driven Development (SDD): a development methodology in which AI agents generate code from structured specification documents that developers must verify - SDD is a software development methodology proposed for use with AI agents, positioned as an alternative to Vibe Coding.
Special-R1: disability-aware pedagogical RL coupling a two-dimensional adaptive prompt with a persona-aware Thinking Reward - Special-R1 is a framework extending pedagogical multi-turn RL to special education.
SPECTRA: a district initiative supporting Princeton educators of color through training, relationships, and affirmation - SPECTRA (Supporting Princeton Educators of Color through Training, Relationships, and Affirmation) is Princeton City Schools' initiative \"dedicated to training, development, and affirmation for racially minoritized ed...
SPICE curriculum formative assessments: Rules Task, Debugging Task, and Engineering Task with cross-domain rubrics - SPICE (Science Projects Integrating Computing and Engineering) is \"a three-week middle school curriculum unit in which students redesign a schoolyard using surface materials that minimize post-rainstorm runoff while s...
Spoke-and-Wheel teaching architecture: three quantum-specialist agents in parallel coordinated by a Synthesizer - ITAS's teaching architecture decomposes tutoring by task: three specialist agents (Video, Guidance, Code) analyze each student question in parallel, each reasoning only within its designated scope, and a Synthesizer A...
SRI program: sustained multiple-strategy instruction grounded in self-regulated learning and cognitive apprenticeship - The SRI program aims \"to create independent self-regulated readers who are capable of applying appropriate reading strategies in various contexts.\" It draws on self-regulated learning theory and cognitive apprenticesh...
SRL-enriched online science modules with reflective prompts as instructional and research tools - Online modules designed by teachers after SRL&T professional development, integrating reflective questions as SRL prompts into pre-existing teaching materials.
Staff newcomer schools with skilled, purposeful, visionary leaders who build teams and innovate - The report's second promising practice holds that effective newcomer schools depend on leaders who are instrumental to realizing the vision of student success.
Staff one-to-one tutoring with trained school staff rather than community volunteers - The program specifies that \"Classroom teachers, reading teachers, or well-prepared paraprofessionals are needed to serve as tutors,\" while \"Community volunteers are not suggested as tutors.\" Tutoring quality is treate...
State instructional materials review designed around statewide core values of equity, access, inclusivity, community, and transparency - The refined Nevada process organizes materials adoption around the SEA strategic plan's core values — \"equity, access to quality, success, inclusivity, community, and transparency\" — and defines high-quality curricula...
Statewide induction support for early-career leaders via mentoring, coaching, and cohort learning - Ten states operate initiatives specifically targeting early-career leaders, six focused exclusively on induction into the principalship and four covering other roles such as the assistant principalship.
Statewide SELPA administrator survey and multi-LEA SELPA allocation plan review - The study's mixed-methods evidence base for Sections 4 and 5 comprises a statewide survey of SELPA directors administered February–March 2020, developed with input from the statewide SELPA Executive Board, plus a revi...
STEM magnet school design combining themed pathways, project-based learning, blended learning with 1:1 devices, and STEM electives and extracurriculars - The three MSAP-funded magnet schools share a design built around a STEM theme with dedicated magnet coursework, project-based learning, and blended learning with 1:1 Chromebooks.
Stepped Care Model response architecture: chatbot tone, language and support intensity escalate proportionally with detected stress severity - The article applies the Stepped Care Model, described as \"a well recognised framework for a clinical approach of escalating intensity, tone and type of support in accordance with the level of stress detected\", as the...
Strong TPE districts: teacher input on SLOs and a three-stage observation cycle with one evaluator - The report characterizes the recurring design features of Maryland districts with strong TPE implementation.
Structurally embedded quality assurance: publication gated behind completed test-correct-verify cycles - This pattern embeds quality assurance structurally in the authoring workflow rather than relying on voluntary compliance.
Structure EPP–district partnerships around shared governance with joint data-informed decision-making - Texas interwove responsibility for teacher preparation across educator preparation programs (EPPs) and districts, with grants built on the assumption that the two work in tandem.
Structured autonomy: bounding generative agent behavior through layered pedagogical and domain constraints - CyberAGENTS is a layered, ontology-guided multi-agent framework for gamified cybersecurity learning built on the principle of structured autonomy.
Structured creative problem solving task with vignette-based problem situations and four pre-structured steps - The article constructed structured tasks in which students read a short vignette describing an everyday problem (science, social, or entrepreneurial domain) and are \"guided through four pre-structured steps of the tas...
Structured scope-and-sequence lesson pattern with daily 20-30 minute explicit phonics instruction - The program organizes instruction around a scope and sequence of lessons per grade — 25 lessons for Kindergarten and 30 lessons for each of Grades 1-5.
Structuring PLCs with clear purpose and collaborative-work frameworks (High-Leverage Team Actions) - Because PLCs without clarity of purpose may drift toward undirected planning or devolve into coffee chats, MiC districts organized PLCs more intentionally over time.
Structuring versus problematizing as two scaffolding mechanisms - The article adopts Reiser's distinction between two mechanisms by which scaffolding affects learning.
Student-Authored Texts for Conceptual Change - A literacy-instruction pattern in which students research a concept in voluntary groups, write individual interpretations, exchange and compare them with peers' texts and their prior knowledge, build collective concep...
Student-built ETF forecasting pipeline with LLM-scored news sentiment dataset - The project's technical artifact is a two-stage predictive system: regression models estimate the magnitude of ETF price deltas and classification models predict direction, with predictions merged by multiplying magni...
Student-centered responsible use policies written in first-person responsibility language - The deck recommends crafting student-centered policies by condensing them into 10 or fewer main points and crafting language so that learners assume responsibility for their actions by starting with the phrase: \"I am...
Students as Researchers: a radical approach positioning students as agents of change rather than data sources - Students as Researchers is presented as a radical alternative to conventional student consultation, in which students undertake research on their own schooling and act as agents of change.
Students-as-partners framework extended to GenAI tool co-creation - The students-as-partners (SaP) framework positions students and staff in a \"collaborative, reciprocal process through which all participants have the opportunity to contribute equally, although not necessarily in the...
Study incidental vocabulary learning in ecologically valid conditions by using long, authentic texts - The study responds to a call for \"more ecologically valid psycholinguistic research\" by examining how readers incidentally acquire \"multifaceted vocabulary knowledge while reading a long, authentic text\".
Subject-aware adaptive prompt routing framework for LLM tutoring - The article formalizes adaptive prompt selection as a contextual bandit routing problem: the router observes a pedagogical input fusing a topic embedding with a learnable subject embedding, and selects a tutoring prom...
Successful elderly-refugee language programs incorporate more than just language learning - The digest reports that language learning programs specifically for elderly refugees \"have been sparse\" and that \"Those that incorporate more than just language learning seem to be the most successful.\" Its examples p...
Suite of eight selected commercial video games played in supervised drop-in game labs - The intervention material was a suite of commercial entertainment titles (Borderlands 2, Minecraft, Portal 2, Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light, Warcraft III, Team Fortress 2, Gone Home, Papers, Please) played on t...
Summer bridge programs combine orientation, advising, college-success skills training, and accelerated coursework in the 2–4 week bridge period - Summer bridge programs occur in the summer period between high school and college and, although content varies across institutions and populations, share a characteristic multi-component design.
Supplement classroom instruction with consistent in-school tutoring sessions that use student performance data to guide instruction - The article describes a tutoring model in which sessions occur during the school day, are consistent across the year, and use \"student performance data to guide instruction.\" Tutoring is intended to supplement, not re...
Supplemental literacy activities designed for low preparation and integration into existing classroom routines - The curriculum's activity format embeds supplemental skill work into ordinary classroom life.
Supplemental small-group daily reading instruction pattern for struggling first-grade English learners - The intervention pattern evaluated in both trials is daily supplemental reading instruction delivered in small groups of three to five students with homogeneous reading achievement, in a pull-out setting, as an additi...
Support successful coaching implementation by assigning coaches fewer classes, securing school leader commitment, and building teacher enthusiasm - The report identifies conditions that supported successful coaching implementation in the Puerto Rico pilot: \"Fewer classes assigned to the coach\", \"Commitment from school leaders to the coaching work\", and \"Enthusias...
Supported self-explaining: learners operate on high-quality explanations already created for them - The article distinguishes three forms of self-explaining: spontaneous, elicited, and supported.
Sustain school health centers with continued county operational funding alongside new billing initiatives - The report concludes that new billing revenues cannot by themselves sustain school health centers: \"New funding through the CYBHI's Fee Schedule and CalAIM's ECM benefit do not offer an obvious pathway to replace the...
Sustainable Development Pedagogy (SDP) AI model converting zero-paper mandates into design catalysts - The SDP model (Talebzadeh, 2025b) is an operational constraint framework that integrates \"mandatory paperless protocols and fully digitalized assessment workflows\" directly into the IAT model.
Swiss QT literary intervention package: nine mini-lessons, four literary-fiction books, literacy journals, and small-group discussions - The adapted intervention is a one-year language-arts program in which students were \"instructed on how to identify various authentic questions, justify their claims, and collaboratively construct knowledge in discussi...
Symbiosis theory as a framework for designing human-machine symbiosis in online collaborative learning - Symbiosis theory frames human-GAI collaboration as a mutually beneficial partnership in which learners and AI partners co-develop.
Systematic reviews as intentional learning experiences scaffolded by mentoring that combines methodological guidance with emotional scaffolding - The article frames systematic reviews \"as intentional learning experiences that unfold across stages of the review and require mentoring and technological support.\" Mentoring is described as \"an integrated support sys...

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Tablet-based single-word dictation task of 40 words varying orthographic and graphic complexity - A digital-tablet single-word dictation task used to dissociate spelling from graphomotor performance.
Tabletop environments as focal multimedia settings for small-group collaborative knowledge building - Stahl proposes tabletop educational environments as a hybrid of oral, literate, and digital interaction, analogizing them to conversation around a tribal fire.
TANDEM radar-tracking simulation training task with 2x2x2 fully crossed experimental design (N = 350) - The study's training task is TANDEM, a PC-based radar-tracking simulation requiring basic skills (hooking contacts, collecting information, classification subdecisions) and strategic skills (monitoring and prioritizin...
TASD: teacher-authored prompt layers as orchestration levers for configuring student-AI dialogue - TASD (Colleague AI Classroom Teaching Aide) frames student-AI interaction as a configurable classroom routine rather than an autonomous tutor.
Task database with 75 biology problems organized by five complexity levels and three support levels - The learning environment contained a task database of monohybrid cross problems in biology: \"The task database (cf.
Task-based learning units integrated into the curriculum structure with collaborative real-world communication activities - DL2F organizes instruction into task-based learning units embedded in the existing curriculum structure, with collaboration and communication as focal points through group activities mirroring real-world language use.
TDAA: high-frequency closed-book tests paired with a human-reviewed AI production harness - TDAA is a course-level design pattern coupling two cycles: students prepare with aligned materials and face a weekly closed-book gate, while an instructor-side AI harness drafts, reviews, and grades the materials unde...
Teach how AI models process prompts and how interactions can be exploited, to build cognitive resilience against manipulation - The article argues that integrating explicit instruction on how AI models process prompts, recognize system boundaries, and respond to linguistic cues serves a dual purpose in higher education: it builds technical pro...
Teacher Interaction Layer: a web-based configuration surface for pedagogical intent, persona, and role - The Teacher Interaction Layer is a lightweight web-based configuration page through which educators shape the virtual tutor's behavior; all settings are injected directly into the LLM system prompt.
Teacher-led online reading strategy training program embedded in a digital literacy course - A training program implemented and tested as part of a digital literacy course, in which instructors delivered strategy training after \"instructors received background information and instructional materials prior to...
Teacher-mentor-AI collaboration as a distributed expertise system in AI technology creation - The article conceptualizes workshop interactions among teachers, mentors, and AI as \"a dynamically coordinated system of distributed expertise, grounded in distributed cognition theory\".
Teaching and Learning Sequence (TLS) generator transforming translated scientific literature into structured educational resources - The second CRITICS component is a Teaching and Learning Sequence generator that investigates how to transform translated scientific literature into structured educational resources.
Teaching-research nexus with cross-disciplinary, cross-cultural team teaching - Woolyungah's academics span several disciplines and use a team-teaching approach so students encounter a range of approaches to disciplinary and cross-disciplinary research.
Teachy Mini: a knowledge-based generative social robot tutoring prototype on the Reachy Mini platform - Teachy Mini is a generative social robot tutoring prototype built on the open-source Reachy Mini desktop platform, supporting spoken dialogue and head/antenna social cues via the OpenAI Realtime API.
Technical mathematics course structure combining expert modeling lectures with collaborative workshop sessions - This pattern describes the structure of the experimental technical mathematics classes tested in the study.
Technology-augmented inquiry approach (TAIA): pedagogical visibility as a mechanism to scaffold student inquiry and reduce teacher orchestration load in disadvantaged classrooms - TAIA is the framing model of this study: a classroom orchestration system that integrates digital tools into the inquiry workflow so that \"transient student thoughts into inspectable, actionable digital artifacts\" giv...
Technology-enhanced digital workbook (Moodle-based) for inquiry-based physics instruction - A Moodle course implementing a technology-enhanced workbook that \"replaced paper-based worksheets and notebooks\" in an inquiry-based energy unit.
Telediscussion course pattern alternating telelectures with discussion sessions - The seminar's structure paired each expert telelecture with a discussion session about it.
Ten fundamental prerequisites for a multimedia language authoring system - The author, as a cognitive scientist and linguist, designed \"the implementation of ten fundamental prerequisites for a multimedia language authoring system\".
Ten-module AI-guided asynchronous PD program on proportional reasoning with eight designed AI-mediated mechanisms - The AI-guided PD comprised ten asynchronous modules completed across one academic semester, typically requiring 30-45 hours, each centered on rate and proportional reasoning.
Ten-session small-group training on restructuring additive situations without word problem solving - A training program comprising \"ten 40–50 min small-group sessions over five weeks\", delivered by pre-service teachers following a script and piloted with four students from another school.
Ten-week two-phase LLM usage experiment in React programming education - A study design in which thirty-two second-year undergraduates completed four React/TypeScript assignments over nine weeks with unrestricted informal LLM use, followed by a controlled week-ten assignment where LLMs wer...
Test-phase background screenshots reinstating the video setting as a contextual cue - In Experiment 2, the video's setting was reinstated during assessment: after watching the video, participants worked on the retention and application test \"while a screenshot of the authentic or the neutral setting wa...
Text-based heterogeneity simulation with simulated peer feedback - A short, stand-alone online intervention in which pre-service teachers read a 302-word text on learning theories, rate its difficulty, and then read \"the written feedback from six fictitious other students (143 words...
The access–success paradox and its resolution through embedded support infrastructure - The report names the access–success paradox: the assumption \"that expanding access to more students who do not typically participate in advanced coursework must necessarily be accompanied by declining success, particu...
The AI-IVE-PBL model integrates an AI-enabled immersive virtual environment with project-based learning across four dimensions - The article proposes a PBL in AI-IVE (AI-IVE-PBL) model that combines the advantages of an AI-enabled immersive virtual environment with the features of project-based learning.
The Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) instructional model with eight interrelated steps - ADI is an inquiry-based instructional model that gives \"a more central place to argumentation and the role of argument in the social construction of scientific knowledge while promoting inquiry.\" It comprises eight in...
The briefing–scenario–debriefing (BSD) cycle as a design scaffold for distributing guidance, feedback, and representational work over time - The editorial describes the briefing–scenario–debriefing cycle as a widely used framework for structuring simulation instruction: a prospective phase prepares learners, an in-action phase supports performance, and a r...
The Bullying Circle of participant player roles - The BPP teaches that \"Bullying is often a group process which can involve various participant players\": children are not just bullies or victims but can act as assistants who encourage bullying, lookouts who watch for...
The CEA model: ChatGPT aligned with e-portfolio assessment as an integrated EFL learning framework - The CEA model integrates ChatGPT with e-portfolio assessment so that AI-generated individualized feedback and portfolio-based documentation, peer feedback, and reflection operate as one learning ecosystem.
The CONTACT strategy: continuous, computer-assisted activation of individual learners' conceptions to promote conceptual change - The CONTACT strategy is an instructional approach premised on the idea that students need guidance to activate and correct their preconceptions in text processing.
The contingency dimension: separating the load a system carries from the demand it places on the learner - The paper defines a design axis on which tutor designs sit: \"We call the line those positions lie on thecontingency dimension, and contingent tutoring is movement along it during a task.\" Structuring changes how much...
The data lifecycle: extending participatory science beyond data collection to decisions and action - The article describes the data lifecycle as the full arc of participatory science work, from developing expertise and defining research questions through collecting, interpreting, and sharing data to making decisions...
The Deliberative Poll as a quasi-experimental model of deliberative democracy - The Deliberative Poll is a deliberative-democracy instrument in which a representative sample of citizens assembles to deliberate on a policy question, and its effects are studied quasi-experimentally.
The Deteriorating Patient (DP) role play as an interactive, contextualized extension of medical PBL addressing its text-based, decontextualized, cognition-only limitations - The DP role play is a medical simulation in which students collaboratively manage a deteriorating patient by playing on-call student, junior resident, and senior resident roles, while the teacher plays the duty nurse...
The diagnostic-review mechanism: AI issue-level diagnosis passing through student interpretation, revision, teacher review, and reflection - The article proposes a classroom sequence in which AI diagnostic feedback becomes formative only through downstream activity.
The Digital Café: a drop-in public-access computing and learning space - The Digital Café is a two-hour weekly drop-in program in a suburb of Vancouver, BC, offering free Internet, computers, and just-in-time volunteer tutor support for tasks such as email, job applications, online governm...
The LEARN framework: five components for neuroscience-informed, PBL-based GAI assessment design - The LEARN framework is a conceptual, neuroscience-informed model comprising five interrelated components: Lifelong Learning, Engagement, Active Processing, Reflection, and Neuro-based Design.
The learning persona: a three-assumption analytical framework tracing student movement from a traditional single-ground-truth mindset to a subjectivity-aware mindset - The learning persona is a theoretical construct derived from user-centred design principles representing what students should ideally understand after the annotation task.
The lightning-formation multimedia lesson used in Mayer and Moreno's 1998 split-attention study - This is the multimedia lesson on lightning formation that Moreno developed for her first major study on multimedia learning with Mayer, published in the Journal of Educational Psychology in 1998.
The MACE pedagogy: five key features for integrating geometry and visual arts - The MACE pedagogy is an explanatory framework for integrated geometry and visual arts instruction built on five features the article names: \"visual arts perception, open activities, reflection, communication with peer...
The Point Person: an embedded OUSD staff member supporting each dual enrollment classroom - The point person is an OUSD staff member—typically a classroom teacher, occasionally a counselor or other school employee—embedded in every dual enrollment classroom alongside the Peralta instructor.
The practicing connections framework: instructional design organized around three connection types and three design principles - The practicing connections framework holds that deep understanding in complex domains develops when students repeatedly practice making connections among a domain's contexts and practices, its core concepts, and its k...
The school as community center: extending education beyond school age to the entire community - The article characterizes the community-center school as a sociological movement in which the school plant serves the whole community that supports it.
The science unit 'How does alcohol consumption affect our body?' - A 15-lesson science unit (four learning sets, 45-minute lessons, some extended double periods) in which high-school students investigated the effect of alcohol consumption on the human body from three disciplinary per...
The three-phase debriefing model (description, analysis, application) structuring the post-simulation discussions - The investigated debriefings were organized around \"a specific model for debriefing\" with \"three main phases: description, analysis, and application\".
Theme-of-the-week character lesson structure with story introduction and varied activities - The curriculum uses a recurring weekly instructional pattern: a 'theme of the week' approach in which the teacher introduces the week's concept by reading stories portraying that value in action, then engages students...
Theoretical and practical frameworks for integrating cross-disciplinary model-based systems engineering online assignments into engineering and science curricula - The article's stated contribution is \"the formation of theoretical and practical frameworks for the integration of an cross-disciplinary model-based systems engineering online assignments into engineering and science...
Theory of change: networks of domain-specific vocabulary as the visible components of schemas mediate comprehension transfer - The article's theoretical framework holds that schemas are \"an abstract knowledge structure\" whose visible components are semantically related networks of vocabulary words.
Theory-practice dialogue mechanism: generative AI bridges the gap between theory instruction and business practice - The first of the article's three proposed mechanisms for reconfiguring classroom pedagogy with generative AI.
Threading, Weaving, Patternmaking - A three-phase science unit sequence that moves learners from critical annotation of texts exposing embedded bias, through cross-source synthesis, to speculative multimedia redesign of a more just future.
Three AI-deterrence-modified autogradable Qiskit assignment packages (HW1–HW3) with layered personalization and grading - Three complete take-home homework packages for an undergraduate quantum software course: HW1 (seeded basis-state circuits with bit flips and customized measurement mappings), HW2 (QFT followed by inverse-transform rec...
Three boundary-spanning events linking field data to community impact (field co-design, collaborative alignment, mutual validation) - The CBL course is structured as three structured occasions traversing institutional interfaces: Week 3 field co-design generating museum digital assets, Week 4 collaborative alignment of proposals with four SDGs (4, 8...
Three core concepts organizing introductory statistics: statistical model, distribution, and randomness - In their introductory statistics textbook the authors selected three core concepts to organize the domain: statistical model (captured as DATA = MODEL + ERROR), distribution (following Wild, \"the pattern of variation...
Three design considerations for a child-friendly educational chatbot: topic focus, age-appropriate context management, and a simple fun interface - The authors enumerate three design considerations for AMA: \"(1) to encourage engagement by focusing conversation on specific topics; (2) to respond to children in an age-appropriate and on-topic manner (context manage...
Three design principles for IBL activities in professional development: authenticity, collaboration, and scaffolded inquiry - The IBL activity was designed around three principles.
Three design principles for teachable agents: visible thinking, independent performance with recursive feedback, and student responsibility for the agent - The article organizes teachable agent (TA) design around three principles drawn from the learning sciences: the TA \"makes its thought processes visible\"; it \"exhibits independent performance to produce recursive feedb...
Three design tensions from expert feedback: authenticity versus cognitive load, integration versus visible progress, and team construction versus individual accountability - The article synthesizes expert feedback into three tensions organizing the framework's revisions.
Three elements of effective training: realistic exposure, fine control of stimuli, and fine performance feedback - The article proposes that effective training depends on three major elements: exposure to realistic training scenarios and stimuli, fine control over training stimuli and scenarios (including adjusting difficulty to t...
Three facilitation roles for STEM learning teams - Drawing on research the synthesis cites, facilitators of STEM learning teams fulfill three distinct roles: \"facilitating knowledge, including helping to find relevant STEM or STEM education expertise if/as needed; pro...
Three forms of noticing required for learning to facilitate productive discussion - Building on Gibson's perceptual learning theory, the article proposes three forms of noticing for teachers developing discussion facilitation.
Three foundational pillars of LEARN: motivation, scaffolding, and mentoring - The LEARN framework rests on three foundational pillars that act as enabling conditions: 'Motivation, Scaffolding and Mentoring'.
Three instructional supports for scaffolding preservice teachers' revision of mathematical explanations - The article proposes and tests three distinct supports for provoking revision of fraction comparison explanations: correct examples, defining features, and error reflection.
Three key collaborative structures for changing the dynamics of classroom instruction during standards implementation - The report proposes that standards implementation in mathematics rests on three collaborative structures: role-diverse sense-making teams, strategic partnerships with technical assistance providers, and empowered site...
Three learner-derived design principles for AI systems supporting andragogy: human-in-the-loop, emotional design, and adaptability - The study distills adult learners' interview perspectives into three design-principle themes with six sub-themes: human-in-the-loop (building shared mental models between humans and AI; enabling human-AI co-creation),...
Three Moment Architecture for secondary mathematics lessons with English Learners - Three Moment Architecture is a bounded instructional sequence in which a lesson, possibly spanning several class periods, moves through three distinct moments with different pedagogical purposes: Preparing the Learner...
Three pedagogical design considerations for physics simulations: consistent world view, multiple representations, and game for concept testing - The article enumerates three design insights that emerged as pushing the simulation's usefulness: (1) a simulation world view consistent with pen-and-paper representation, with velocity vectors pointing right even for...
Three pedagogical expression strategies for VR lighting instruction - From analysis of five beginner-level stage lighting courses, the authors identified three recurring strategies for VR implementation.
Three Practices for Ontological Alignment in Computational Modeling - Three classroom practices — elevating student ideas that match a tool's representational units, explicitly testing links between conceptual and computational models, and introducing evidence that speaks directly to the tool's representational claims — for introducing a computational modeling tool so its structure aligns with students' existing thinking.
Three progressive thematic inquiry lessons sequenced to develop problem posing ability - The instructional pattern is a sequence of three problem-based inquiry lessons layered onto regular lessons: \"Based on this content, we designed three progressive thematic inquiry lessons; the teaching content and obj...
Three role-integration design principles: integrated data governance, context-driven role switching, and synergistic human-AI collaboration - The article specifies three paramount design principles for orchestrating multiple AI roles into a cohesive whole.
Three synergistic professional learning modalities: communities of practice, localized professional learning, and coaching - 21CSLA regional academies deliver professional learning through three primary modalities.
Three-activity framework for interventions that use grades to improve calibration accuracy - The article proposes that improving calibration with grades requires support on three sequential activities: making an estimate, checking the estimate against the actual grade, and reflecting on the cause of any misca...
Three-component implementation pattern for dual language programs - Table 2 of the report describes three components of dual language program implementation: program leadership and support (a school leadership team of teachers and administrative staff overseeing model selection, devel...
Three-component pilot model combining infrastructure and technology, Creole digital content, and professional development with coaching - The pilot model organizes implementation into three components.
Three-condition within-subjects teacher study of AI-assisted learning design - A within-subjects study in which thirteen higher education teachers designed learning activities under three conditions: without AI, with AI access, and with AI after training on effective AI interaction strategies.
Three-dimension semantic diversity framework for LLM code explanations (function, concept, goal) - The article operationalizes explanation diversity as three distinct semantic dimensions drawn from prior work on code comprehension: function, concept, and goal.
Three-dimensional scaffolding design coordinating user roles, tutoring phases, and guidance strategies - ParaTutor organizes its support as a design that \"coordinates user roles, tutoring phases, and guidance strategies during parent-child math tutoring.\" The role dimension differentiates support between parents (guidanc...
Three-layer competency map linking graduate attributes to measurable behaviors - To operationalize competency goals in the reformed curriculum, the authors developed a competency map that translates abstract professional requirements into measurable learning outcomes.
Three-lesson sequence on how simultaneous changes in supply and demand affect market price - The instructional element is a series of three lessons through which students were to come to understand \"how the simultaneous change in the supply of and the demand for a certain good affects its market price.\" The a...
Three-level integration framework for educational reform: micro, meso, and macro levels - The Singapore presentation by Looi, So, Toh, and Chen is framed around the need to integrate reform efforts at three scales, building on meso-level infrastructure discussion by Jones et al.
Three-part webinar series Making a Difference for American Indian and Alaska Native Students: Innovations and Wise Practices - A three-part webinar series produced through partnerships between the CoP and Comprehensive Centers in Regions 11, 13, 16, and 17, with 445 participants including 140 tribal nations and 35 states.
Three-phase community agreement instructional routine: establishing, enacting, and revisiting CAs - The article organizes CoBi around a routine in which \"students establish, enact, and revisit CAs, occurring before, during, and after collaborative learning activities, respectively.\" Establishing introduces four CA c...
Three-phase Gen AI-assisted problem-posing activity with pre-training, training video, and post-training reflections - A self-study activity administered as an extra-credit assignment in which \"The study design consisted of three phases completed over one week\".
Three-phase practicum e-mentoring cycle: pre-practicum preparation, during-practicum supported practice, post-practicum reflection - The model operates across three interconnected phases.
Three-phase principle-based pedagogical design scaffolding low-achieving students into Knowledge Building - A three-phased pedagogical design, refined from a previous four-phased design, that maps sixteen principle-based activities onto Knowledge Building principles (epistemic agency, community knowledge, collective respons...
Three-phase progression for teaching symbolic interpretation with increasing text complexity - The module organized symbolic interpretation into a sequence the authors describe as \"three phases that built on one another\": first identifying symbols via associations, then making symbolic interpretive claims groun...
Three-phase teaching model for social studies with Minecraft (Introduction, Reconstruction, Transformation) - A teaching model resulting from design-based research iterations that organizes social studies teaching with Minecraft Education in three activities: Introduction (teacher lecturing, past orientation, vague intersubje...
Three-phase tutoring structure for math word problems: understanding, calculation, and summarization - The article identifies a three-phase structure organizing parent-child math word problem tutoring.
Three-phased grounding script for distance student groups - A collaboration script that \"provides a format for carrying out a grounding discussion among students who have to work together at a distance and who do not know each other\".
Three-principle framework for ethical GenAI integration in writing assessment: transparency, human mediation, reflective practice - The paper proposes \"a three-principle framework (transparency, human mediation, reflective practice) for ethical GenAI integration in writing assessment.\" Transparency functions not merely as disclosure but as a pedag...
Three-sample language elicitation battery with WAIS vocabulary and digit-span tests - A measurement battery combining three language samples with cognitive tests.
Three-semester four-wave longitudinal design with multi-group growth modelling for parallel epistemic-belief processes - The study's methodological element is a \"three-semester long four-wave study with 226 undergraduates\" in which \"Data were analysed by multi- group growth modelling for parallel processes.\" This design permits modellin...
Three-stage methodology combining student surveys, LLM skill extraction, and dynamic preference-aware matching - The article proposes a data-driven team-formation framework with three stages: \"student surveys to capture detailed and granular skill sets and project preferences; (2) LLM-driven extraction of essential project skill...
Three-stage pedagogical pathway of Perceiving, Comprehending, and Creating AI mapped to black, grey, and white box progression - Drawing on the Beijing Normal University \"Black Box, Grey Box, White Box\" cognitive progression model, the article \"constructs a three-stage pedagogical pathway: 'Perceiving, Comprehending, and Creating.'\" Stage 1 (Gr...
Three-step district pathway design sequence: Why, What, How - The toolkit structures district CS/CT pathway design as a three-step sequence.
Three-step structured multimodal dialogue intervention protocol (describe, correct, solve) - A prompting protocol for correcting LLM multimodal errors, described as follows: \"The intervention followed a three-step dialogue: (i) 'Describe what you observe in the figure/graph,' (ii) researcher correction of any...
Three-tier train-the-trainer professional development cascade through school networks - A district-scale professional development delivery pattern in which each school network sends experienced teachers to full-day district-sponsored sessions three to four times per year; these teacher facilitators \"repl...
Three-type taxonomy of newcomer schools: programs-within-a-school, transitional, and comprehensive - The report organizes newcomer schools into three structural types.
Three-variant AI-assisted collaborative writing text editor - A custom web-based text editor in which an LLM-backed artificial agent acts as a peer editor offering replacement suggestions and comments in an Editing Pane.
Three-wave teacher justice and dropout-intention questionnaire - A repeated questionnaire measuring students' perceptions of teacher justice and their intentions to drop out, administered at the beginning (T1), middle (T2) and end (T3) of the school year.
Tiered reading delivery pattern: 90 minutes whole-group core plus 30 minutes small-group Tier 2 for all struggling readers - The studied program used a tiered time structure: \"all students, experimental and control, received 90 minutes of core reading instruction and 30 minutes of Tier 2 (supplemental) instruction.\" Core instruction is whol...
Tiered uses of KEA data across classroom, building, district, and state levels - The brief organizes potential KEA uses by interest-holder level in an appendix table adapted from Garver and Yun and colleagues.
ToddlerBot-based humanoid curriculum instantiation for grades 9-12 with eight CS+AI sessions - The curriculum targets grades 9-12 with four students in two pairs, one ToddlerBot per pair, a recommended mentor-to-student ratio of 1:4, and \"Eight three-hour computer science and AI (CS+AI) sessions (24 contact hou...
Tough as Nails project: a K-8 coding pathway research-practice partnership in Kentucky Appalachia - Tough as Nails, Nimble Fingers is an NSF-funded research-practice partnership (grants #1923314 and #2219401) creating a K-8 Computational Thinking Pathway in Floyd County and Pikeville Independent Schools by applying...
Traditional lecture and practice (LP) condition - The lecture and practice condition is the traditional baseline against which productive failure and facilitated problem solving were compared in this three-condition study.
Transcript-derived patient profiles conditioning virtual patient behavior across seven dimensions - Four anonymized patient profiles (two male, two female) were synthesized with GPT-5.2 from 4–7 real ACT sessions each, which \"averaged 58–92 therapist-patient turn pairs and lasted 38–60 minutes\".
Transformative learning theory combined with ethical decision-making frameworks as the design basis for GenAI professional development - The article grounds its professional development design in Mezirow's Transformative Learning Theory together with \"established ethical decision-making frameworks in educational technology.\" This combined framework pos...
Transforming recess unit: a mathematics data-management unit in which students survey, graph, and present findings to change school practice - A two-week interdisciplinary mathematics unit (two hours a day, five days a week) in which Grade 4 students designed surveys about playground use, represented results with tally charts, frequency tables, and double ba...
Treat model choice, evidence selection, serving compatibility, and product design as a joint engineering decision when building a campus AI tutor - The article argues that a tutoring system's quality cannot be improved by swapping one component in isolation: latency, memory, retrieval, and product surfaces interact.
Tutor-introduces-then-cooperative-groups lesson structure with a sports theme - Each lesson follows a sequence in which tutors introduce \"concepts, skills, problem-solving strategies, and procedures,\" after which \"students work in groups, sharing solutions and helping others.\" Lessons have a spor...
Tutor-led strategy set for effective adult language lessons: structure, small steps, early success, continuous practice and constant re-use - The guide enumerates tutor-led strategies that \"enhance this particular process and make the learning more effective\": structure the learning so material is \"coherent and meaningful, with supporting interconnections m...
Twelve common TA set-aside activities supporting quality authorizing, led by contracting providers and evaluating current practices - The report identifies 12 common activities SE grantees funded to improve authorizer quality, ranging from contracting external providers and evaluating current authorizing practices to individualized TA, professional...
Twelve-topic grouping organizing the psychology course of study - The article organizes the private-study course under a suggested grouping of twelve topics, from \"Problems and Methods of Psychology\" through \"Mental Development,\" each keyed to specific chapters of the recommended te...
Two common national models for middle school CTE delivery: career field–specific introductory coursework and stand-alone career exploration courses - The report identifies, based on interviews with national CTE experts, two common middle school delivery models: \"introductory CTE coursework that puts middle grade students on a pathway to high school CTE programs\", w...
Two differently sequenced classroom scripts: PISG (Plenary–Individual–Small Group) and PSGI (Plenary–Small Group–Individual) - Both scripts begin with the teacher modeling each inquiry skill at the plenary level, then distribute activities across social levels in opposite orders.
Two idealized instructional approaches to fostering adaptive strategy use: explicit demonstration versus implicit generation - The article contrasts two idealized learning environments for fostering adaptive use of strategies.
Two-day intensive training agenda sequenced to move learners from Stage 0 through Stage 4 transitions - Table 5 maps each activity of the 2-day hands-on AI/LLM training to the stage transition it facilitates: demystification of platforms moves Stage 0 to 1; hands-on API use, local model deployment, and RAG-based verific...
Two-enhancement design: refined teacher collaboration plus CLRI role-play - The Write to Succeed program is refined through \"two enhancements for refined teacher collaboration and culturally and linguistically relevant instruction (CLRI) role-play.\" Role-play is used as the practice format fo...
Two-experiment viewing design measuring form recognition, meaning recall, and meaning recognition - The article's empirical apparatus consists of two experiments with Dutch-speaking EFL learners who viewed TV material, with vocabulary learning assessed through three measures.
Two-hour classroom AI literacy workshop combining LLM concepts with agency-preserving regulation practice - A two-hour, classroom-feasible workshop with a conceptual component on \"how LLMs generate text, why they can produce incomplete or incorrect answers\" and a practical component that \"did not rehearse the later experime...
Two-map pairing framework: coupling an AI knowledge map to a power-system knowledge map - The framework organizes teaching around two complementary knowledge maps: an AI map ordered by problem type (nonlinear regression, structured feature extraction, constrained decision making, sequential decision making...
Two-part skin lesion annotation activity (individual dataset exploration plus group annotation on a 3-point scale) implemented at Fontys and ITU Copenhagen - An educational activity integrated into two existing courses: Data Mining (5 ECTS, Fontys) and Projects in Data Science (7.5 ECTS, ITU).
Two-part Tribal Data Collection and Governance webinar series - A two-part webinar series developed with the R13CC, WEEAC, NIEA, and the University of New Mexico's College of Population Health Center for Participatory Research.
Two-phase online module design combining individual reflective essays with small-group peer discussion - Each short online pedagogy module comprised “an individual study phase and a small-group phase”.
Two-phase SSSC activity data collection protocol (Qualtrics survey plus Smartsheet workspaces) - The evaluation's activity data collection is a two-phase instrument for retrospectively documenting SSSC services over calendar year 2021.
Two-presentation weekly structure pairing typically developing learners' perspective with exceptional learning needs perspective - Within each week of the literacy unit, the targeted topic was addressed in two presentations.
Two-stage data comic creation pattern separating human-led narrative design from human–AI co-creation of visual elements - The article describes a two-stage production process for building data comics with GenAI assistance.
Two-stage data preparation pipeline: rule-based synthetic generation plus LLM paraphrase augmentation without data leakage - The pipeline first generates synthetic score-level-1 samples in the training partition only, using \"template-based generation (40%), quality degradation (35%), and a combined approach (25%)\", including truncation to 2...

U¶

UBRIDGE Institute: a six-week synchronous interdisciplinary faculty development program for ethical AI integration - The UBRIDGE (Universal design, Bloom's taxonomy, Reflection, Integration, Design thinking, Growth mindset, Ethics) Institute was a six-session synchronous Zoom program, two hours weekly, for interdisciplinary faculty...
UCLA Migrant Student Leadership Institute as a third space - The MSLI is presented as an illustrative example of a third space—an approach or zone of development that transforms 'conflict and difference into rich zones of collaboration and learning.' It reorganized educational...
UK high school Students as Researchers partnership running since 1996 - A long-running joint project in a UK high school in which students act as researchers, developed since 1996 and described as still current at the time of writing.
Undergraduate climatology course using scientific visualization at the University of Chicago - The third educational example is \"an undergraduate climatology course at the University of Chicago,\" in which scientific visualization was used within instruction.
Unicode perturbation families implemented as system-prompt soft barriers - The paper implements soft barriers as a system prompt instructing the model to inject specific Unicode characters into user-defined identifiers during generation, leaving keywords, operators, literals, and built-in na...
United States Army mental testing program: hundreds of psychologists examined nearly two million men - The review describes the program of psychological examining in the United States Army during the recent war, conducted under the Surgeon General's Office.
Universal mental health screening systems in Cal-Well districts - A district-level universal screening system in which every Project Cal-Well district in Stanislaus County now administers a mental health screener, such as the Covitality screening tool.
Universal mental health screening toolkit: SAEBRS, SDQ, ProQOL, and monthly Kelvin real-time pulses - PUSD implemented universal mental health screeners starting in 2019/20, including the Social, Academic, & Emotional Behavior Risk Screener (SAEBRS), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the Professi...
University of Vermont Department of Education organized so education strengthens teaching of other subjects - The Department of Education at the University of Vermont was organized around the premise that education study should serve teachers of other subjects rather than stand as an isolated elective.
Unplugged explainable machine-learning activities using feature matrices to classify geometric shapes - This pattern has learners create explainable feature matrices to classify geometric shapes, making machine-learning algorithms visible without complex software.
Unscaffolded GenAI use as self-initiated engagement without GenAI-specific guidance, framed by cognitive load theory and the zone of proximal development - The article defines unscaffolded GenAI use as \"learners’ self-initiated and self-regulated engagement with GenAI in the absence of GenAI-specific instructional guidance or pre-designed prompting frameworks\", drawing o...
Use integrated visual arts and geometry lessons instead of regular geometry lessons to teach the geometry curriculum and visual arts perception - The article recommends that teachers replace regular textbook geometry lessons with the integrated MACE lesson series, because students reached the same level of geometrical understanding through open, creative lesson...
Use ultra-brief affective prompts to enrich the psychological interpretability of passive physiological data at minimal participant burden - The article's design guidance is that a single open-ended affective question, answered in the participant's own words, can complement passive wearable sensing by supplying psychological context the sensors cannot reco...
Using the technology for only a small part of a classroom activity - This design pattern places a CSCL system inside a multi-step classroom activity in which the technology is used only for a small portion, contrasting with the mainstream CSCL assumption that the system must be used fr...
Utah USBE resource allocation review process for schools eligible for comprehensive improvement support - The Utah State Board of Education, with WestEd's Region 15 Comprehensive Center, designed an RAR process beginning in March 2020 to help schools eligible for comprehensive improvement support.

V¶

VCU University College model: cohort-based first-year core curriculum with centralized support and proactive advising - Virginia Commonwealth University's University College, launched in 2006, is built around \"a cohesive core curriculum with a limited set of course options and small class sizes,\" taught by dedicated cross-disciplinary...
Verification-centered Johnstone-3P architecture for GenAI in university chemistry education - The review proposes an explanatory architecture in which Johnstone's chemistry triplet (macroscopic, submicroscopic, symbolic domains, with representational translation as a cross-domain process rather than a fourth l...
Vermont education program pattern combining education courses, two outside subjects, secondary methods, and an educational thesis - The program's requirements interleave education study with subject-matter study across the degree.
Video-based student-profile diagnosis task with eye tracking (11-min geometry lesson, five marked students) - The study's core element is an 11-min video of an eighth-grade introductory geometry lesson from a German high school, containing a whole-class question-answer scene (bottom-up drivers assumed) and an individual seatw...
Virtual pipetting simulation with tutorial and test phases in four condition variants - The learning material was an adapted version of a simulation used by Petersen et al.
Virtual professional learning community (vPLC) for ASSISTments teacher training - The vPLC is a virtual professional learning model designed to connect rural and geographically isolated teachers with peers and learning opportunities.
Voluntary video game teaching basic computational concepts to early-age children, grounded in intrinsic motivation - A voluntary video game addressing basic computational concepts, deployed for early ages and grounded in intrinsic motivation.
vPLC-augmented ASSISTments intervention with four-step formative assessment process - The intervention combines WPI's ASSISTments online math platform with a virtual professional learning community (vPLC) designed to enhance scalability, reducing travel and scheduling barriers especially for rural dist...

W¶

Walking number line design: body-scale number line plus desk-scale number line with figurine, using a four-step orientation-and-movement procedure - The design consists of a body-scale number line (a 20' × 4' paper roll displaying a number line from −5 to +5, with step-spaced marks and addition/subtraction signs at the ends) and a small number line (an 8.5″ × 11″...
Water Balloon Physics Image Require-GenAI task - A second Require-GenAI task in which GenAI has a dual role: \"it is simultaneously the source of the artifact being analyzed and the tool students use to correct it.\" Students receive a GenAI-generated image of a child...
Web-based CS2 programming environment with integrated GPT-4 AI assistant and interaction logging - A web-based programming environment developed for this study in which \"The system integrates the programming assign- ment description, a code editor, program execution output, and a conversational AI assistant within...
Weekly dance-first-then-physics cycle with dual experimental and experiential records - Each one-week section follows a fixed structure: Tuesday reading and quiz-led lecture introducing concepts, Wednesday dance-studio lab with choreographed movement and journal reflection, Thursday data analysis connect...
Weekly game sequence for EFL speaking practice - The article describes a four-week sequence of classroom games used to elicit target-language speaking: a questioning game in week 1, group role-play dialogues in week 2, an imagination game in week 3, and collaborativ...
Weekly instructional cycle combining whole-class fluency instruction with ability-differentiated small-group practice - The program organizes instruction as a five-day weekly cycle: \"The first two days of each instructional week are devoted to direct instruction and guided practice activities for the whole class\" focused on fluent read...
Weight school funding toward districts with the highest concentrations of poverty using an Opportunity Index with weights of 40%-100% - The brief recommends Michigan replace its flat 11.5% At-Risk weight with a Massachusetts-style Opportunity Index in which \"districts with the most students living in poverty receive the highest additional funding.\" Ma...
Wellness Center and Coordination of Services Team coordinating partnerships and supports - The Wellness Center, funded by the district and the Oakland Fund for Children and Youth, provides \"a centralized infrastructure, dedicated staff, and a structured process for services and referrals.\" It houses two cas...
What Is a Place? introductory module teaching the urban-developer perspective on city spaces - The What Is a Place?
While-noticing stage pairs contrastive-critical framing with transformed practice as interrelated tasks - At the while-noticing stage, students work in groups or pairs on two interrelated tasks adapted from The New London Group: contrastive-critical framing, in which they collaboratively compare and critically contrast or...
Whole-school design pattern combining community vision, inquiry instruction with social-emotional supports, restorative discipline, and a professional community of practice - The report identifies a constellation of four mutually reinforcing school-design factors that it argues produced Bronxdale's outcomes: \"a compelling vision of students and school as a caring, safe, collaborative commu...
Wholetheme K-12 classroom pattern: theme plus multidisciplinary projects in an action research cycle - The paper sketches a wholetheme K-12 classroom in which a broadly based year-long theme frames multidisciplinary, content-laden projects.
Wiki learning environment with knowledge bars and participation bars at individual, group, and subgroup levels - A self-designed wiki environment on energy sources in which awareness information appears as horizontal bars in the discussion forum in the header and next to threads.
Word-stress lesson pattern: model correct and incorrect stress, discriminate, clap stress patterns, peer-mark dialogues, present orally with self-monitoring criteria - A five-step lesson pattern the digest offers as an instantiation of the communicative-cognitive framework.
Workshop session structure: local data, small-group testing, collective discussion - Each of the six sessions followed a common three-part structure: facilitators presented local data or department-sourced materials, faculty tested and reflected on the materials in small groups, and the whole group di...
Writing Lab six-lesson lesson-series pattern alternating divergent and convergent thinking with a fixed compare-contrast, generate, select, apply, evaluate activity cycle - A reusable lesson-series pattern for creative writing in upper secondary education: a metacognitive introductory lesson, four element-focused lessons (mindmaps/character, suspense, dialogue, perspective), and a final...
Writing-focused GenAI declaration structure with six activity categories - A declaration form for writing-focused activities (e.g., a short literature review on technology and society) organised around six activity categories: Planning & Structure, Textual Content Generation, Research & Anal...
Writing-integrated reading lesson pattern across teaching objectives, content, organization and assessment - The article specifies that conducting writing instruction under the hypothesis requires adjustments “in our teaching objectives, teaching content, teaching organization and evaluation mechanism”.

X¶

Xenograde Systems instructional project (BURN11 dataset): a four-unit, one-week hierarchical learning sequence on an imaginary science - The instructional intervention comprised \"a two-phase description of an imaginary science designated as Xenograde Systems: a lecture/discussion phase, and an individual working phase.\" Curricular materials spanned fou...

Y¶

Year-long hybrid versus non-hybrid metacognitive skill training design with strategy crossover - The study trained 243 fifth-grade students from two German secondary schools across one full school year.
Yearlong coteaching residency with gradual release into full instructional responsibility - Alder's clinical model places residents 4 days per week in selected school sites as coteachers with mentor teachers, using a coteaching and gradual release model.
YMHC member training and support framework (preservice training, site integration, ongoing development, career coaching, credentialing) - The YMHC provides all members with a common support structure: intensive preservice training (which can include Youth Mental Health First Aid, trauma-informed care, mandated reporting, cultural competency, motivationa...
Youth-led professional development trainings on racial justice and relationship-centered practices - Youth-led professional development opportunities are a primary mechanism through which the RCS campaign has spread relationship-centered practice beyond its core set of actors.

Z¶

ZPD-aligned strategy mapping: deterministic mapping of latent ability θ to explicit instruction, targeted scaffolding, or intellectual challenge - PsyScore defines a deterministic mapping from estimated ability to a pedagogical control token: explicit directive instruction for struggling learners (θ < −1.0), targeted scaffolding for developing learners (−1.0 ≤ θ...

0-9 & Other¶

'Out of the Debts' learning environment combining the debts-and-assets context with the number line - A learning environment developed by Hußmann and Schindler (2014a, b) in the KOSIMA project, which aims at teaching mathematics through real contexts.
'Y-read?' digital learning environment with a macro- and micro-level collaboration script for socially shared regulation of task-oriented reading - 'Y-read?' is a digital learning environment integrating a collaboration script and the TOR-test, built from four script elements: play, scene, scriptlets and roles.
11-week kindergarten phonological awareness intervention program - The article evaluates an 11-week intervention in \"instruction in phonological awareness\" provided in low-income, inner-city kindergarten classrooms by kindergarten teachers and their teaching assistants.
12-week design thinking course integrating ChatGPT and DALL·E across all five stages - A 12-week undergraduate design thinking course in which generative AI tools were integrated across Design Thinking's five stages.
12-week weekly paper-and-pencil diary protocol for everyday memory problems and perceived control - The BOLOS Time 2 battery included a 12-week diary study in which participants completed a weekly report of everyday experiences at the end of each week.
14-week interdisciplinary studio schedule progressing from 2D to 3D - The course schedule structures a 14-week studio progressing from simple to complex across dimensional modes.
14-week localized, adaptive AI-PBL intervention for computer robotics programming - The intervention integrated AI tools into problem-based learning over 14 weeks (42 instructional hours) for first-year computer education students.
15-week digital literacy curriculum integrating GenAI tool usage with research ethics and critical thinking - A lightning talk by Jiwoo Seo described a \"15-week digital literacy curriculum\" co-developed during their tenure as an AI Specialist Librarian at Chung-Ang University, \"based on a survey of 2,076 students and 101 libr...
15-week university extensive reading course with free choice of graded readers and book reports - A 15-week compulsory EFL course at a Japanese university met weekly for 90 minutes; \"During class, students were able to access approximately 500 graded English readers (a series of Oxford, Cambridge, Heinemann, and P...
1st/2nd grade poetry-analysis lesson with differentiated poem sets and scaffolded edge learning - An early elementary lesson example, inspired by a lesson taught by Olivia Lozano at the UCLA Lab School, in which 1st and 2nd grade English learners and monolingual peers analyze poetic devices such as rhyme and repea...
24-task set derived from the Taxonomy of User Needs and Actions (TUNA) with easy and difficult variants - The article constructed a set of 24 tasks \"derived from the Taxonomy of User Needs and Actions (TUNA), a framework of different ways that people use AI based on different degrees of cognitive effort required.\" The tas...
45-minute prompt-based programming lesson with guided practice for end-user programmers - A lightweight lesson integrating selected CS1/CS2 concepts (function structure, data transformation, edge cases) with LLM prompting strategies, designed via backward design to fit a single class period.
5-Stage Pedagogical Script for one-on-one AI co-creation sessions - A structured session protocol tutors follow to move clients from an \"Oracle\" mindset (expecting answers) to a \"Process Partner\" mindset (co-creating solutions).
5E instructional model structure (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate) as the organizing lesson pattern - Twig Science organizes instruction around the 5E model, which the summary spells out as \"Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate.\" Within this structure the curriculum places student inquiry at the center, embed...
5E+IA instructional model with Concrete-Representational-Abstract progression - The program's organizing instructional pattern is the 5E+IA model: \"Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate, plus Intervention and Acceleration pathways.\" It structures whole-group instruction, small-group diffe...
5E-based inquiry curriculum design with embedded formative assessment - The curriculum is organized around the 5E instructional model (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate), pairing hands-on, inquiry-based investigations with real-world problem solving and embedded formative asse...
5P reflection model: an iterative five-stage GenAI-aware reflection model - The 5P Reflection Model is an iterative reflective model with five stages: Purpose, Process, Product, Pitfalls and Plan, with emotional factors considered across all stages.