Dual Coding¶
Element · All elements
Evidence · 2 claims (2 for) · 5 studies (2 causal, 2 review, 1 quant-synthesis),q2–q4· 2 of 5 report an effect size
Description¶
Dual coding is the element in which verbal and visual representations are used together to support understanding and memory.
Design Implications¶
Affordances¶
Claims¶
- Adding relevant pictures or graphics to text improves learning from it, with a small pooled effect on reading comprehension, though whether dual coding explains the benefit is disputed [+S]
- Multiple representations improve learning [+M]
Related Elements¶
Key Sources¶
- Paivio, A. (1990). Mental representations. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195066661.001.0001
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
element |
id |
dual-coding |
title |
Dual Coding |
description |
Dual coding is the element in which verbal and visual representations are used together to support understanding and memory. |
status |
review |
canonical |
True |
generated |
by codex/unspecified on 2026-04-08 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
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