Test of Spatial Assembly (TOSA)¶
Product or Programme · All products and programmes
Evidence · 3 claims (3 for) · 1 study (1 associational),q3· 1 of 1 report an effect size · 3 claims rest on one study
Description¶
The TOSA is an individually administered 2-D and 3-D spatial assembly assessment developed by Verdine et al. for measuring geometric and spatial reasoning in approximately 3-year-old children.
Components¶
Claims¶
- Spatial assembly skill measured at age 3 (TOSA) strongly correlates with mathematics performance one year later at age 4 [+W]
- Executive function and spatial skills jointly predict 70% of the variance in age-4 mathematics performance without an explicit number-knowledge measure [+W]
- Spatial skills uniquely predict 27% of the variance in preschool mathematics over and above executive function [+W]
Related Products and Programmes¶
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Key Sources¶
- Verdine, B. N., Irwin, C. M., Golinkoff, R. M., & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2014). Contributions of Executive Function and Spatial Skills to Preschool Mathematics Achievement. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 126, 37-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2014.02.012
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
product |
id |
test-of-spatial-assembly-tosa |
title |
Test of Spatial Assembly (TOSA) |
description |
The TOSA is an individually administered 2-D and 3-D spatial assembly assessment developed by Verdine et al. |
status |
review |
product_kind |
assessment |
generated |
by process:settle-candidates on 2026-10-17 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
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