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Hattie and Timperley's feedback model

Research Method · All research methods
Evidence · 1 claim (1 for) · 1 study (1 design), q2 · 0 of 1 report an effect size · 1 claim rests on one study

Description

The article adopts this theoretical framework to analyse the effectiveness of textual feedback. It "categorized effective feedback into three dimensions (i.e., feeding up, feeding back and feeding forward) and four-level focuses (i.e., task, process, self-regulatory, and self )". Feeding up tells students where they are going; feeding back answers how they are going; feeding forward addresses where to go next. The authors chose it because it "has been adopted widely in previous research to analyse textual feedback", unlike Nicol and Macfarlane-Dick's principles judged too general.

Accounts

  • Hattie and Timperley's feedback model: three dimensions (feeding up, feeding back, feeding forward) and four levels (task, process, self-regulation, self): The article adopts this theoretical framework to analyse the effectiveness of textual feedback. It "categorized effective feedback into three dimensions (i.e., feeding up, feeding back and feeding forward) and four-level focuses (i.e., task, process, self-regulatory, and self )". Feeding up tells students where they are going; feeding back answers how they are going; feeding forward addresses where to go next. The authors chose it because it "has been adopted widely in previous research to analyse textual feedback", unlike Nicol and Macfarlane-Dick's principles judged too general. (Wei Dai et al. (2023))

Claims

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Key Sources

  • Wei Dai, Yi-Shan Tsai, Jionghao Lin, Ahmad Aldino, Hua Jin, Tongguang Li, Dragan Gašević, Guanliang Chen. (2023). Assessing the Proficiency of Large Language Models in Automatic Feedback Generation: An Evaluation Study. Preprint submitted to Elsevier. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Assessing+the+Proficiency+of+Large+Language+Models+in+Automatic+Feedback+Generation
Page metadata
Field Value
type research-method
id hattie-and-timperleys-feedback-model
title Hattie and Timperley's feedback model
description The article adopts this theoretical framework to analyse the effectiveness of textual feedback.
status review
generated by process:settle-candidates on 2026-10-15
trust unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content

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