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Three structural causal models of the self-concept–achievement reciprocal relationship

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The article derives a taxonomy of three structural causal models for the reciprocal effects model: "(a) a model with prior scores predicting post scores; (b) a model with additional lag-2 effects ... also referred to as a full-forward model; and (c) a model with lag-2 effects and additional confounders". Model (a) assumes no hidden confounders or carry-over effects and is judged unrealistic; model (c), including time-invariant and time-varying confounders such as gender or school track, "seems to be most realistic". The taxonomy determines which statistical model can identify causal effects.

Accounts

  • Three structural causal models of the self-concept–achievement reciprocal relationship, differing in lag-2 paths and confounders: The article derives a taxonomy of three structural causal models for the reciprocal effects model: "(a) a model with prior scores predicting post scores; (b) a model with additional lag-2 effects ... also referred to as a full-forward model; and (c) a model with lag-2 effects and additional confounders". Model (a) assumes no hidden confounders or carry-over effects and is judged unrealistic; model (c), including time-invariant and time-varying confounders such as gender or school track, "seems to be most realistic". The taxonomy determines which statistical model can identify causal effects. (Hübner et al. (2023))

Claims

Key Sources

  • Hübner, N., Wagner, W., Zitzmann, S., & Nagengast, B. (2023). How Strong Is the Evidence for a Causal Reciprocal Effect? Contrasting Traditional and New Methods to Investigate the Reciprocal Effects Model of Self-Concept and Achievement. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09724-6
Page metadata
Field Value
type research-method
id three-structural-causal-models-of-the-self-conceptachievement-reciprocal-relationship
title Three structural causal models of the self-concept–achievement reciprocal relationship
description The article derives a taxonomy of three structural causal models for the reciprocal effects model: "(a) a model with prior scores predicting post scores; (b) a model with additional lag-2 effects ...
status review
generated by process:settle-candidates on 2026-10-19
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