The Ask, Reflect, Text (ART) strategy: art-based pre-writing planning structured by story-content cue questions¶

Design · All designs
Evidence · 2 claims (2 for) · 1 study (1 causal), q2 · 1 of 1 report an effect size · 2 claims rest on one study

Description¶

ART is a three-step mnemonic strategy for story writing in which students first Ask themselves the WWW, W=2, H=2 cue questions to think about story content, then Reflect by illustrating their ideas with art media such as markers, watercolor paints, or play dough, and finally use their aesthetic story plan to generate sentences for their story's Text. The article states that "the Ask, Reflect, Text (ART) Strategy includes three steps" and tests it in the randomized control trial against T3 and control conditions.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

Art media (markers, watercolor paints, or play dough) available for the illustration step
Instruction in the WWW, W=2, H=2 cue questions as a reference for story content

Constraints¶

In the author's prior single-subject studies, story quality improved little or only to some extent (1-2 points higher than baseline on a seven-point scale)

Target Learners¶

fourth-grade struggling writers
students in grade 2 and older where story writing begins

Learning Goals¶

story content
story planning and idea generation
number of words written

Claims¶

Examples¶

-

Key Sources¶

Michael Dunn. (2013). Comparing two story-writing mnemonic strategies: A randomized control trial study. International Journal of Special Education, 28(3). https://www.internationaljournalofspecialeducation.com/

Page metadata

Field	Value
`type`	`design`
`id`	`art-ask-reflect-text-strategy`
`title`	`The Ask, Reflect, Text (ART) strategy: art-based pre-writing planning structured by story-content cue questions`
`description`	`ART is a three-step mnemonic strategy for story writing in which students first Ask themselves the WWW, W=2, H=2 cue questions to think about story content, then Reflect by illustrating their ideas with art media such...`
`status`	`review`
`generated`	by `process:settle-candidates` on `2026-11-01`
`trust`	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
`sources`	1 — `michael-dunn-2013`

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