Barrows' six essential elements of problem-based learning¶

Design · All designs
Evidence · no claims cited

Description¶

The article presents PBL as a learner-centered instructional approach anchored in concrete problems, citing Barrows' six essential elements: "student-centered", small student groups, tutor as facilitator or guide, authentic problems encountered before preparation, problems as tools for knowledge acquisition and problem-solving skills, and new information acquired through self-directed learning. The article's own clinical PBL model operationalizes these elements in pharmacy rotations.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

Small student groups with a tutor acting as a facilitator or guide rather than an instructor

Constraints¶

Target Learners¶

5th-year pharmacy students in clinical practice

Learning Goals¶

problem-solving skills
self-directed learning
clinical reasoning and pharmaceutical care competencies

Claims¶

Examples¶

-

Key Sources¶

Jeerisuda Khumsikiew, Sisira Donsamak, and Manit Saeteaw. (2015). A Model of Small-Group Problem-Based Learning In Pharmacy Education: Teaching in the Clinical Environment. The IAFOR Journal of Education, Volume III - Issue II - Summer 2015. https://iafor.org/journals

Page metadata

Field	Value
`type`	`design`
`id`	`barrows-six-essential-elements-pbl`
`title`	`Barrows' six essential elements of problem-based learning`
`description`	`The article presents PBL as a learner-centered instructional approach anchored in concrete problems, citing Barrows' six essential elements: "student-centered", small student groups, tutor as facilitator or guide, aut...`
`status`	`review`
`generated`	by `process:settle-candidates` on `2026-11-02`
`trust`	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
`sources`	1 — `jeerisuda-khumsikiew-2015`

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