Three-phase task-based teaching strategy integrating communicative tasks with the cognitive approach

Design · All designs
Evidence · 2 claims (2 for) · 1 study (1 causal), q3 · 1 of 1 report an effect size · 2 claims rest on one study

Description

The article proposes a teaching strategy in which "each speaking lesson was divided into three main phases: pre-task phase, during-task phase and post- task phase". The pre-task phase uses planning, consciousness raising and teaching to prepare learners and draw attention to form; the during-task phase focuses on communicating meaning while the teacher facilitates, records performance and assigns peer observers; the post-task phase uses self/peer evaluation of recordings and supportive feedback to remedy errors and raise awareness of accuracy and restructuring. The strategy operationalises the cognitive-approach goal of managing learners' focus of attention across fluency, accuracy and complexity.

Design Implications

Context

Requirements

• Tasks should not be so easy that learners do not engage seriously nor so difficult that excessive mental processing is required
• A set of target structures, skills or elements made prominent in attentional terms

Constraints

• The programme was implemented with freshmen university students in a Malaysian ESL context over eleven weeks

Target Learners

• first-year university ESL students

Learning Goals

• overall speaking proficiency
• fluency, accuracy and complexity in spoken language

Claims

• Task Based Cognitive Program Outperforms Regular Instruction Speaking [+M]
• Experimental Group Prepost Speaking Gain [+M]

Related Designs

Examples

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Key Sources

• Mohammad Mohammadipour & Sabariah MD Rashid. (2015). The Impact of Task-Based Instruction Program on Fostering ESL Learners' Speaking Ability: A Cognitive Approach. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.6n.2p.113

Page metadata

Field	Value
type	design
id	three-phase-task-based-cognitive-speaking-strategy
title	Three-phase task-based teaching strategy integrating communicative tasks with the cognitive approach
description	The article proposes a teaching strategy in which "each speaking lesson was divided into three main phases: pre-task phase, during-task phase and post- task phase".
status	review
generated	by process:settle-candidates on 2026-11-02
trust	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
sources	1 — mohammad-mohammadipour-sabariah-md-rashid-2015

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