SMILI☺ framework: core questions for designing and describing open learner models¶
Product or Programme · All products and programmes
Evidence · 2 claims (2 mixed) · 1 study (1 theoretical),q2· 0 of 1 report an effect size · 2 claims rest on one study
Description¶
A framework developed by Susan Bull and colleagues that guides designers in specifying, comparing, evaluating, and describing open learner models and their learner-facing interfaces.
Components¶
- SMILI☺ framework: core questions for designing and describing open learner models: The SMILI☺ (Student Models that Invite the Learner In) framework provides a systematic way to describe, compare and critique open learner models by answering a set of core questions: how the OLM fits into the overall interaction, how it was evaluated, why it was created, what aspects of the learner model are open, how they are presented, and who controls access. The revised version reformats these as "the set of essential questions which designers should consider and which can be used to describe OLMs". It is offered as a guide for designers of interfaces for OLMs, learning analytics and related fields. (Susan Bull et al. (2016))
Claims¶
- A continuum of control exists between system control, joint control and user control of the learner model [~W]
- Open learner models and visual learning analytics share the goal of making complex data interpretable but differ in that OLM inferences have already taken place [~W]
Related Products and Programmes¶
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Key Sources¶
- Susan Bull & Judy Kay. (2016). SMILI☺: a Framework for Interfaces to Learning Data in Open Learner Models, Learning Analytics and Related Fields. Int J Artif Intell Educ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-015-0090-8
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
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product |
id |
smili-framework-core-questions-for-designing-and-describing-open-learner-models |
title |
SMILI☺ framework: core questions for designing and describing open learner models |
description |
A framework developed by Susan Bull and colleagues that guides designers in specifying, comparing, evaluating, and describing open learner models and their learner-facing interfaces. |
status |
review |
product_kind |
framework |
generated |
by process:settle-candidates on 2026-10-28 |
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unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
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