Four-dimension learning analytics reference model (what, how, why, who)

Research Method · All research methods
Evidence · 2 claims (2 for) · 1 study (1 review), q2 · 0 of 1 report an effect size · 2 claims rest on one study

Description

The review adopts Chatti et al.'s (2012) reference model in which "LA consists of four dimensions including (1) what (what types of data does the system capture and analyze), (2) how (how does the system perform analytics), (3) why (for what reasons does the system gather and analyze data), and (4) who (who is served by the analytics)". This framework structures the review's coding scheme and four research questions, and underpins the conceptual framework the authors propose to guide implementation of LA for feedback systems in higher education.

Accounts

• Four-dimension LA reference model (what, how, why, who) guiding the review of LA for feedback: The review adopts Chatti et al.'s (2012) reference model in which "LA consists of four dimensions including (1) what (what types of data does the system capture and analyze), (2) how (how does the system perform analytics), (3) why (for what reasons does the system gather and analyze data), and (4) who (who is served by the analytics)". This framework structures the review's coding scheme and four research questions, and underpins the conceptual framework the authors propose to guide implementation of LA for feedback systems in higher education. (Seyyed Kazem Banihashem et al. (2022))

Claims

• Trace data is the dominant data type LA uses to support feedback in higher education (36% of coded data types) [+M]
• LA is used in higher-education feedback studies for a range of objectives beyond improving feedback itself, with reflection the most common (43% of studies) [+M]

Related Research Methods

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Key Sources

• Seyyed Kazem Banihashem, Omid Noroozi, Stan van Ginkel, Leah P. Macfadyen, Harm J.A. Biemans. (2022). A systematic review of the role of learning analytics in enhancing feedback practices in higher education. Educational Research Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2022.100489

Page metadata

Field	Value
type	research-method
id	four-dimension-learning-analytics-reference-model-what-how-why-who
title	Four-dimension learning analytics reference model (what, how, why, who)
description	The review adopts Chatti et al.'s (2012) reference model in which "LA consists of four dimensions including (1) what (what types of data does the system capture and analyze), (2) how (how does the system perform analytics), (3) why (for what reasons does the system gather and analyze data), and (4)
status	review
generated	by process:settle-candidates on 2026-10-21
trust	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content

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