Taxonomy of learning-approaches measurement inventories (SPQ, R-SPQ-2F, ASI, ALSI, ASSIST)

Research Method · All research methods
Evidence · 2 claims (2 for) · 1 study (1 quant-synthesis), q3 · 0 of 1 report an effect size · 2 claims rest on one study

Description

The review describes the family of questionnaires used to measure learning approaches: Biggs' Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ), whose strategic approach is termed the achieving approach; its revision, the R-SPQ-2F, which "uses fewer items to narrow in on solely the deep and surface approaches"; Entwistle and Ramsden's ASI with meaning, reproducing, achieving, and non-academic orientations; the ALSI, which "splits the strategic approach into organised studying and effort management"; and the ASSIST. The review notes "the ASSIST, alongside the R-SPQ-2F, is the most commonly used inventory for studying learning approaches."

Accounts

• Taxonomy of learning-approaches measurement inventories (SPQ, R-SPQ-2F, ASI, ALSI, ASSIST): The review describes the family of questionnaires used to measure learning approaches: Biggs' Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ), whose strategic approach is termed the achieving approach; its revision, the R-SPQ-2F, which "uses fewer items to narrow in on solely the deep and surface approaches"; Entwistle and Ramsden's ASI with meaning, reproducing, achieving, and non-academic orientations; the ALSI, which "splits the strategic approach into organised studying and effort management"; and the ASSIST. The review notes "the ASSIST, alongside the R-SPQ-2F, is the most commonly used inventory for studying learning approaches." (Marlen A. Roehe et al. (2024))

Claims

• A strategic learning approach is most commonly associated with high(er) academic performance in medical and dental students [+M] (approaches measured with these inventories)
• In medical and dental education, a deep learning approach is associated with high(er) or no-difference academic performance and never with low(er) performance [+M]

Related Research Methods

• Systematic review evidence corpus: 49 studies of learning approaches and academic performance in medical and dental education (2000–2023): the review's corpus of studies using these inventories
• Deep versus surface learning strategies as determinants of scientific text understanding: the deep-surface distinction the inventories measure

Key Sources

• Marlen A. Roehe, Carmen Trost, Julia S. Grundnig, Anahit Anvari-Pirsch, Anita Holzinger. (2024). Evaluating the Dynamics of Learning Approaches: A Systematic Review Investigating the Nexus Between Teaching Methods and Academic Performance in Medical and Dental Education. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09952-4

Page metadata

Field	Value
type	research-method
id	taxonomy-of-learning-approaches-measurement-inventories-spq-r-spq-2f-asi-alsi-assist
title	Taxonomy of learning-approaches measurement inventories (SPQ, R-SPQ-2F, ASI, ALSI, ASSIST)
description	The review describes the family of questionnaires used to measure learning approaches: Biggs' Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ), whose strategic approach is termed the achieving approach; its revision, the R-SPQ-2F, which "uses fewer items to narrow in on solely the deep and surface approaches"; Ent
status	review
generated	by process:settle-candidates on 2026-10-19
trust	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content

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