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LA researchers and practitioners should adapt to changing regulations across jurisdictions, use regulatory sandboxes, and carefully consider data nature and privacy risks before cross-border data transfer - This strategy is the authors' forward-looking recommendation from their comparative policy analysis of AI regulation.
Lab Rotation - Students rotate on a fixed schedule between a computer lab for online learning and a classroom for teacher-led instruction.
Labeling Emotions Throughout The Day - Intentionally naming and describing one's own emotions — and helping others name theirs — at natural moments across the day, building emotional literacy and self-awareness.
Laboratory Reports - Learners conduct an experiment and write a structured report (introduction, methods, results, discussion) that documents procedures, analyzes data, and interprets findings against theory.
Ladder of Feedback - A structured peer-feedback protocol from Project Zero that sequences feedback into clarifying questions, values, concerns, and suggestions, so critique is constructive, specific, and actionable.
Language Experience Approach - The language experience approach is a whole language method that integrates the development of reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills through the use of learners' own experiences, dictated t
Language Songs - Using songs to teach language engages learners through music and rhythm to enhance vocabulary development, phonological awareness, and overall literacy skills.
Last Lesson, Last Week, Last Month - This activity involves looking back to the most important information presented yesterday, last week, and last month.
Lateral Reading - Evaluating the trustworthiness of online information by leaving the original site and consulting other sources to see what they say about it.
Latin And Greek Roots For Academic Vocabulary - Teaching the high-frequency Latin and Greek morphemes that compose academic English so learners can decode, infer, and retain unfamiliar discipline vocabulary.
Latin Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots - Direct teaching about the meaningful parts of words begins with the most common inflections, but then extends to prefixes, suffixes, and roots of Latin origin.
Layered educator support: coaching, curated resources, low-lift entry points, and community engagement - The report recommends building layered systems of support for teachers at every comfort level when introducing powerful technology.
Layered implementation support for teachers adopting a new science curriculum: preservice training, follow-up training, and a science coach - In the evaluated trial, intervention teachers received a layered support package: "four days of preservice professional development to learn about the specific curriculum before the school year, a thr
Layered implementation support: initial on-site training plus follow-up modeling, observations, coaching, and monthly virtual sessions - In the evaluated studies, implementation was supported through a sequence of professional learning activities: "a Heggerty literacy specialist provided on-site training before the start of the school
Layered professional development for curriculum implementation (webinars, workshops, coaching) - Implementation is supported through multiple professional development formats rather than a single training event.
Layered professional development: summer institute plus weekly web conferencing follow-up - TRI professional development combines an initial face-to-face summer institute with ongoing remote support: "weekly web conferencing from a university-based consultant to follow up training, discuss i
Layered professional learning and support for teachers implementing individualized software - The summary describes a multi-channel support model so teachers can implement the program successfully: "Virtual and in-person training sessions and workshops tailored to the needs of the customer," f
Lead an annual district research agenda and coordinate outside researchers to maximize usefulness of research - The report recommends that DRE "Lead development of an annual CPS research agenda" so that administration and the Board can encourage research contributing to improved instruction.
Leader supports for teachers using practical measures to advance CRSE - The brief specifies supports school and district leaders should provide: advocating for and modeling "flexibility in policies related to assessment," targeted professional development and guidance on
Leaderboards - Leaderboards showcase the distribution of point totals that learners have accumulated through various learning activities, leveraging competition to drive engagement.
Leaders should make data-based decisions to allocate resources on strategic and/or general leadership and climate based on level of measurement, implementation-specificity, and attitudinal dimension - The article's concluding recommendation is that school leaders use their findings to decide where to invest implementation-support resources.
Learn About Students' Math Backgrounds - Systematically gathering information about learners' prior math instruction, informal skills, cultural number systems, and interests, then using that knowledge to tailor math instruction.
Learn from early adopter districts' challenge-response strategies and lessons learned when designing and implementing new teacher evaluation systems - This strategy uses the documented experiences of early adopter districts as a resource for other districts undertaking their own design and implementation of new teacher evaluation systems.
Learner Choice as a Continuum - Learner choice as a continuum positions autonomy on a graduated spectrum, moving from teacher-provided menus of options toward learner-driven purpose discovery, design, and self-regulation.
Learner-Centric Approach - A learning approach where the problem is presented as an open-ended one, so there are several ways to solve it, with each solution leading to a different set of outcomes.
Learner-Generated Examples - Provide opportunities for learners to generate their own examples of a concept.
Learner-to-Learner (Peer) Feedback - Learners provide structured, constructive feedback on each other's work, acting as both givers and receivers of evaluative information.
Learning by generating games with LLMs, supported by prompting pedagogy - The article proposes that students learn educational content by designing and making games with generative AI tools, extending constructionist gaming.
Learning By Teaching - Learners prepare and deliver instruction to peers or tutees, deepening their own understanding through the generative demands of explaining.
Learning Centers - Designated classroom stations, each focused on a specific task or skill, that small groups of students rotate through during independent work time.
Learning Clubs - Learning clubs are a grouping system used to organize active learning events based on student-selected areas of interest.
Learning Communities - Structuring learners into sustained, interdependent groups with shared goals, norms, and identity so that learning happens through mutual engagement rather than isolated study.
Learning Conferences - Brief one-on-one conversations between teacher and learner in which progress is reviewed, goals are set, and feedback is tailored to the individual's current work.
Learning Contracts - A learning contract is a negotiated written agreement between learner and instructor specifying learning goals, the activities and resources to achieve them, timelines, and evidence for assessing atta
Learning Cycles - A sequence of instruction that moves learners through phases of exploration, concept introduction, and application so that experience precedes formal explanation.
Learning Dashboards - Visual displays of learner activity and performance data intended to support self-regulated learning and instructional decision-making.
Learning decomposition: fit exponential learning curves to compare the relative effectiveness of types of pedagogical support - Learning decomposition is a method for studying pedagogical support in which, per the review, "Learning decomposition fits exponential learning curves to performance data, relating a student's later s
Learning Games - Using structured game play — with goals, rules, feedback, and challenge calibrated to ability — as the primary vehicle for learning content or skills.
Learning Goal Setting - Defining specific, challenging learning objectives before engaging in a learning experience so that attention, effort, and reflection are directed toward explicit targets.
Learning Journals - Learners regularly record, reflect on, and analyze their own learning experiences in an ongoing written (or multimedia) log.
Learning Logs - Short, prompt-driven reflective writing at the start or end of a lesson in which learners review prior material, define concepts, or make personal connections in a few minutes of writing.
Learning Menus - A learning menu offers learners a structured set of activity options — often tiered by difficulty or modality — from which they choose how to practice or demonstrate learning.
Learning seminar courses that teach students how to learn by addressing behaviors, mindsets, and habits that undermine learning - Gateway offers learning seminar courses and reading intervention classes as part of its system of supports.
Learning Stations - Learners rotate through a sequence of small, self-contained activity stations, each targeting a different task, modality, or level of support.
Learning Strategy & Tool "Fair" - A hands-on exploratory event where learners sample a variety of learning strategies and tools, discovering which fit their needs before committing to them.
Learning Students Names - The instructor deliberately learns and uses each student's name early in a course to build rapport, participation, and accountability.
Learning Through Play - Structuring learning activities as playful, self-directed, and intrinsically motivating experiences so that exploration and enjoyment drive knowledge construction.
Learning Through Reflection - Link and construct meaning from experiences through structured individual and social reflection.
Learning Walks - Short, structured classroom observations in which educators visit peers' classrooms to observe teaching and learning practices and surface patterns for school-wide improvement.
Least-to-Most Prompting Hierarchy - A least-to-most prompting hierarchy sequences instructional support from the least intrusive prompt (verbal) through gestural to the most intrusive (physical), fading toward independence as soon as a
Lecturers should implement online practice tests with automatically generated individual corrective item feedback and encourage steady participation - The article's closing recommendation for educators is that "practice tests plus automatically generated individual corrective item feedback can be implemented easily via online tests" and that the res
Legislators should pass consumer-protection legislation and create a regulatory agency governing AI education products - To promote scalable policy, the brief recommends legislators pass laws protecting consumers from predatory practices and establish a regulatory agency.
Lesson Plans - A lesson plan is a structured planning document in which an educator specifies learning objectives, sequencing, activities, materials, and assessment for a single instructional session.
Lesson Study - A Japanese-originated professional development cycle in which teachers collaboratively plan, observe, and refine a single research lesson to study student learning.
Let students choose the complexity level of the LLM feedback - In LEAP, students can select the complexity of the feedback they receive for each submitted response: low (very easy-to-understand feedback in five sentences for a secondary school student), middle (f
Let students experience the differential test advantage of generation before expecting them to adopt better reading strategies - The article's applied recommendation is that "students may need to experience for themselves the differential advantage of generation in the context of an actual test for them to realize its effective
Let Students Know What Order They Will Be Called On - Announcing the calling order in advance lets students plan responses, manage anxiety, and wait their turn instead of monitoring for the threat of being called on unexpectedly.
Letter Formation Activities - Activities focused on teaching and practicing correct letter formation, including directionality, sequencing, and motor planning.
Letter Formation Practice - Repeated, structured practice producing letterforms by hand, typically with stroke-direction models, verbal mediation, and feedback, to build automatic letter production.
Letter Names and Letter Sounds Instruction - Explicit, systematic teaching of letter names and letter–sound correspondences as the foundation for decoding, spelling, and word recognition.
Letter Strategy - The letter strategy is a mnemonic technique that uses acronyms and acrostics to encode and recall lists or sequences of information.
Leveled Text Reading - Matching texts to learners' assessed reading levels so students read material they can decode and comprehend with light support, with levels adjusted as skill grows.
Leverage California state grant programs to fund TK-focused teacher residencies - The brief identifies more than $2.5 billion in recent California investments that can be leveraged to build a qualified TK workforce through residencies: the Teacher Residency Grant Program (to plan,
Leverage culturally-specific engagement strengths: support school participation for Spanish-speaking families and oral storytelling for English-speaking families - The article recommends that programs tailor engagement outreach to the dimensions that distinguish each language group's high engagement profiles.
Leverage digital learning platforms to run unobtrusive randomized experiments on language modifications in math problems - The article argues that DLPs' adaptability "allows for controlled experimentation with language variations in math problems," providing fertile ground for research on language and mathematics.
Leverage school-based librarians to create and deliver K-6 CS/CT lessons when classroom integration slows - During COVID-19 disruptions in Years 2 and 3, ICCSD distributed leadership by having select librarians work in parallel to create a library of CS/CT lessons for students in grades K-6, aligned to Scho
Leverage self-regulated learning measurement methods in feedback research - The third step recommends importing measurement advances from the self-regulated learning field into feedback research.
Leverage Strengths to Address Self-Awareness Challenges - Educator identifies specific student strengths and/or challenges related to self-awareness, and uses and justifies aligned strategies that leverage student strengths to support learning.
Leverage the Native Language - Integrate students' native languages into project work as assets for research, collaboration, and product creation rather than treating them as barriers.
Leverage what students do well and enjoy to address their learning challenges - After identifying specific strengths across the whole child framework, teachers are prompted to brainstorm how those strengths can support growth areas: "How can I leverage what students do well and e
Leveraging Family Knowledge - Teachers enhance curriculum and instruction by inviting students to contribute their cultural experience, funds of knowledge, talents, and interests to classroom learning.
Leveraging Instructor Office Hours - Instructors hold regular, structured weekly office hours that give students direct one-on-one access to expert help, academic advice, and mentoring beyond what class time allows.
Leveraging Native Language in PBL - Leveraging the native language in project-based learning (PBL) involves using students' multilingual abilities as an asset.
Leveraging Strengths for Attention - Identifying students' attention-related strengths and using them as entry points to support engagement and develop weaker attention skills.
Leveraging Strengths for Emotional Regulation - Identifying students' existing strengths — cognitive, social, and dispositional — and deliberately recruiting them to support emotional regulation during learning.
Leveraging Strengths in Relationship Skills - Identifying the social capabilities a learner already has and building relationship-skill instruction outward from those, rather than starting from the interactions they handle badly.
Leveraging Strengths Thinking - Shifting from deficit to strengths thinking, which views families as having significant expertise and resources that can inform and improve student learning.
Leveraging Strengths to Address Attention Challenges - Identify specific student strengths and challenges related to attention, then use strategies that leverage strengths — preferential seating, visual supports, and chunked directions — to sustain attent
Leveraging Strengths to Address Learning Differences - Identify each learner's assets and challenges, then route learning through strengths while directly scaffolding areas of difficulty.
Leveraging Strengths to Support Processing Speed - Identify a learner's cognitive strengths and route instruction through them to reduce the load imposed by slow processing speed.
Liberation Literature and Counter-Narratives - Liberation literature places out-group identities at the center of the curriculum through carefully selected texts that counter negative stereotypes and omissions, ensuring all learners see themselves
Life Back Then - Learners select a historical period and a character who lived in it, research that person's life using primary and secondary sources, and present the character's perspective to the class.
Limit Background Noise - Minimizing background noise, such as television, conversations, or lyrical music, enhances concentration and learning.
Limit the number of instructions and tasks in dialogic activities, since too many impair dialogue - From the ANT analysis of the vaccination lesson, the authors draw a design lesson for dialogic education: designers envisioned that card classification would enrich dialogue, but "Too many instruction
Line Awareness Activities - Structured activities that build learners' ability to track, place, and size letters relative to writing lines, improving handwriting legibility.
Link earned micro-credentials to permanent base salary increases - The report's second incentive strategy is a compensation structure connecting salary advancement to earned micro-credentials, piloted by Kettle Moraine School District with unanimous school board appr
Link education and child welfare data systems to make the foster care achievement gap visible and trackable - The report calls for accessible, linked, comprehensive, and current education and child welfare data to inform greater cross-agency collaboration.
Link implementation and impact findings when analyzing and reporting impact studies - The guide recommends that analyses and reporting connect implementation data to impact estimates: it 'presents strategies for analysis and reporting about these topics, and also for linking implementa
Listen to the Voices of Students - Providing students authorship and allowing them to share their stories empowers them, fostering agency and leadership.
Listening and reading for specific information - Learners selectively attend to targeted details — words, phrases, key facts — within a text or audio input, using purpose-driven tasks to guide attention and support comprehension.
Listening to the Voices of Students in PBL - Giving students authorship in project-based learning by eliciting, valuing, and acting on their stories, questions, and decisions, thereby building agency and leadership.
Literacy Centers - Designated classroom areas where students work independently or collaboratively on meaningful literacy tasks while the teacher delivers targeted small-group instruction.
Literacy Rich Environment - Surrounding learners with accessible, purposeful print and language materials so that reading and writing are embedded in the physical and social environment rather than taught only as isolated lesson
Literature Circles - Small, student-led reading groups that choose a shared book, prepare notes and marked passages, and meet regularly to discuss it, culminating in creative or reflective projects.
Literature Reviews - Learners systematically search, evaluate, and synthesize published sources to build an evidence-based account of what is known about a topic.
Literature/Social Stories - Using literature or social stories to explicitly teach relationship skills by having learners observe and analyze narrative models of social interaction, communication, and conflict resolution.
Live Writing Demonstrations - Instructors demonstrate the writing process in real-time, in front of learners, to make the thinking and decision-making involved in writing visible.
Log data from co-creation platforms can trace social practices of professional learning despite a streetlight effect - The study demonstrates that traces from digital co-creation platforms can evidence social practices of knowledge appropriation, maturation and scaffolding at large scale, using ILSs as the unit of ana
Logic Puzzles - Logic puzzles are structured rule-based challenges (e.g., Sudoku, knights-and-knaves, grid deduction problems) used to exercise deductive reasoning, spatial reasoning, and problem-solving persistence.
Logs and Journals to Guide Reflection - Periodically ask students to reread their journals, comparing what they knew at the beginning of a learning sequence with what they know now.
Low Floor, High Ceiling Tasks - Open-ended tasks that every learner can begin (low floor) but which extend to challenging depths (high ceiling), allowing differentiated engagement from a single prompt.
Low Stakes Quizzing - Frequent, low-consequence retrieval tests used during instruction to strengthen memory and provide formative feedback, rather than to certify achievement.
Low-Profile Classroom Control - Low-profile classroom control is a set of techniques — anticipation, deflection, and reaction — for stopping minor "surface" misbehaviors without disrupting the flow of a lesson.
Low-Stakes Writing - Frequent, short, ungraded or minimally graded writing tasks that let students explore ideas, build fluency, and develop voice without the pressure of formal evaluation.