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Digital Tips for Quick and Thoughtful Peer Feedback - Using digital tools to streamline the exchange of peer feedback so students give and receive timely, structured, and constructive comments on each other's work.
Digital Word Detectives - Students read e-books and use digital tools (dictionaries and notes) to support their development of vocabulary.
Digital Word Detectives — Building Vocabulary With E-Book Readers - Learners read digital texts in e-book readers and act as "word detectives," using embedded dictionaries, highlighting, and annotation tools to encounter, investigate, and record unfamiliar words in co
Dim or Natural Lighting - Adjusting classroom lighting — dimming, tuning color temperature, or maximizing daylight — to support attention, mood, and sensory regulation.
Dimensions of Critical Evaluation - Explicitly teach learners the distinct dimensions used to evaluate information sources — relevance, accuracy, bias/perspective, and reliability — and how content-based and source-based judgments diffe
Direct experimental research toward the materials, organization, and attention problems of visual methods - Freeman recommends a program of experimentation in place of propaganda: determine which subject matter is best adapted to visual presentation, work out the span of attention of pupils systematically,
Direct further research toward new teacher roles, learning pathways and graduate attributes focused on imagination, creativity and innovation - The article's concluding research agenda states: "it is important to focus further research on the new roles of teachers on new learning pathways for higher degree students, with a new set of graduate
Direct future attribution research at which causal elements apply most often to which sport situations - In its conclusions, the review recommends that although attribution research has become more complex since Heider and Weiner, their original hypotheses should not be ignored.
Direct future RALL research toward the directions the review identifies for social robots in language education - The review closes by setting an agenda for subsequent work: "This review concludes with directions for future research on the use of social robots in language education." Researchers planning RALL stu
Direct future self-regulation research toward standard methods of reporting SR outcomes to address substantial heterogeneity in outcome measures. - The review recommends that "future research in SR should be directed to evaluate standard methods of reporting SR outcomes." This recommendation arises from the limitation that "The SR outcome measure
Direct future VR/AR-supported K-12 STEM research and development toward underexplored subjects, immersive devices, senior high schools and 21st-century skills - The review derives future research agendas from its findings: developing VR/AR materials for underexplored K-12 technology and engineering learning, researching immersive devices whose environments st
Direct Instruction - A teacher-led, explicitly structured instructional strategy in which skills are modeled, practiced, and assessed in small steps with high learner response rates and immediate feedback.
Direct Instruction (Online) - Direct instruction in online learning delivers pre-developed, explicitly structured presentations and targeted feedback, with the instructor diagnosing misconceptions, clarifying concepts, and directi
Direct Instruction Patterning - Sequencing and structuring instructional examples, rules, and practice so that learners induce the intended generalization with minimal error and maximal clarity.
Direct Instruction Phonics - Systematic, teacher-directed phonics instruction that explicitly teaches letter–sound correspondences and blending in a planned sequence so learners can decode unfamiliar words independently.
Direct Instruction Spelling - Explicit, systematic teaching of spelling patterns, high-frequency words, and error-correction strategies for commonly misspelled words.
Direct Instruction Web Based Reading Strategies - Explicitly teaching the skills of locating, evaluating, synthesizing, and comprehending information on the web through modeled, guided, and independent practice.
Direct Instruction: Genre-specific Writing Strategies - Explicitly teaching the characteristics, conventions, and strategies of a specific writing genre so students can read and write within it deliberately.
Direct Instruction: Keyword Search - Explicit teaching of how to select, combine, and refine search keywords — including synonyms, operators, and Boolean logic — alongside criteria for evaluating the credibility of retrieved sources.
Direct Instruction: Problem-Solving Strategies - Instructors explicitly teach and model a repertoire of problem-solving strategies, then give learners supported opportunities to choose which strategies to apply and reflect on the outcomes of their c
Direct older new SNS users to senior-focused online communities offering social support and courses - The article recommends that people advising senior citizens point older, new social media users toward established online communities that provide social support information and instruction about Inte
Direct policy, organizational and practitioner intervention to reduce RAE inequalities in developmental periods - The article recommends direct intervention at policy, organizational and practitioner levels to reduce and eliminate RAE-driven social inequality, especially during athletes' developmental periods.
Direct research effort toward measuring temperament and character factors, which operate largely independently of intelligence and may be more educable - Pressey's second recommended research direction is a "courageous attack upon the problem of measurement of other than intellectual factors." He argues that "matters of temperament and character are of
Direct Special Education Learning Recovery Support funds to equitable supports for students with disabilities, with bias training and diverse curriculum review - For special education, learning recovery, and SELPA needs, the brief directs that funds 'enable all educators to provide learning recovery support for pupils with disabilities and to provide adequate
Direct SSA research toward the five identified known unknowns - The review proposes a research agenda directing future student self-assessment work toward five topics: typologies, accuracy, expertise, expectations, and differential student effects.
Direct teachers to teach at least one activity in each strand of every module taught, as a lever future evaluations could test for greater impacts - The report's discussion recommends that future evaluations assess whether ERWC impacts would be greater if teachers were explicitly directed to teach at least one activity in each strand of every modu
Directly teach students when, why, and how to elaborate on new information - The report recommends teaching students when, why, and how to elaborate on new information, since trained elaboration produced better delayed recall than merely asking questions that stimulate elabora
Disaggregate all higher education data by race and income to reveal which student groups have which opportunities and outcomes - The report recommends that a reauthorized Higher Education Act require disaggregation "by race and income all IPEDS and NSLDS data on critical measures of student success, like enrollment, persistence
Disaggregate attainment data by student subgroup to locate barriers and target supports - The researchers' approach of breaking attainment indicators down by student characteristics to understand which students face barriers.
Disaggregate engagement and performance data by subgroup and regularly evaluate and adjust support plans - The guide instructs district leaders to "ensure all data on student engagement and performance is disaggregated by student subgroup, and regularly evaluate and adjust plans to ensure students are equi
Disaggregate evaluation of educational AI by student error and proficiency before classroom deployment - The article recommends that evaluation of AI in education report performance separately for student subgroups defined by demonstrated proficiency and error status, rather than only aggregate accuracy.
Disaggregate participation data intersectionally by race and gender to surface disparities hidden in aggregate analyses - This strategy operationalizes EQUIP data for equity analysis: record low-inference participation indicators (turns, talk type, talk length, solicitation, evaluation) during whole-class discussion, cro
Discharge geography, advertisement and author prestige from test-selection decisions - The article identifies a triumvirate of inexact criteria shaping test adoption: geographical preference, commercial publicity, and the prestige of the test's author.
Discipline-Specific Literacy - Discipline-specific literacy involves explicitly teaching the reading, writing, speaking, and thinking practices unique to each subject area, rather than treating literacy as a generic, transferable s
Discipline-Specific Reading - Have students read authentic articles from subject-specific publications so they internalize the genres, vocabulary, and reasoning conventions of the discipline.
Disclose quantization trade-offs, audit bias, and establish data governance before live deployment of quantized educational AI - The article recommends a structured ethical governance framework for institutional deployment of quantized educational AI, with three interconnected concerns.
Disclose to learners what changes (visual presentation) and what does not (question content, scoring, time allowed) - For behaviourally-adaptive security layers, the article recommends that institutional communication focus on the separation between presentation-level change and unchanged assessment substance.
Discourage mental offloading to AI by balancing guidance depth and frequency with application opportunities - Under Scaffold Creativity, the framework recommends encouraging creativity through open-ended exploration and to "discourage mental offloading to an AI system by balancing the depth and frequency of g
Discover & Decide: establish evidence-based selection criteria and instructional alignment in an RFP process to select edtech for priority learner populations - Step 2 directs leaders to "Establish evidence-based selection criteria and instructional alignment in a discovery or Request for Proposals (RFP) process to identify edtech designed to meet the needs o
Discovery-phase data collection: surveys, listening sessions, and project inventories to map the current system - During the Discovery Phase, teams use surveys for "initial, broad representation from as many staff as possible," listening sessions that let participants "explore and clarify their views" beyond what
Discuss the Benefits of Positive Self-Talk - Openly communicating with learners what self-talk is, how it works, and how it can improve persistence, performance, and emotional regulation.
Discussing Emotions - Incorporating structured discussions and reflections about emotions into the learning environment so learners can identify, label, and manage the feelings that shape their learning.
Discussing Potential Emotions in Advance - Learners anticipate and discuss the emotions a task, challenge, or transition may evoke before experiencing it, building emotional preparedness and regulation strategies.
Discussing Race With Students - Structured classroom discussion of race and racism that moves beyond avoidance or colorblind platitudes toward evidence-based, emotionally supported dialogue.
Discussion (Pre-Reading) - A pre-reading activity in which learners physically commit to an opinion about the reading topic, build arguments for it, and debate peers holding opposing views before encountering the text.
Discussion Based Learning - Learners construct and refine understanding through structured dialogue with peers and instructors, rather than receiving knowledge primarily through presentation.
Discussion Protocols - Structured routines that govern how learners take turns, build on ideas, and reason together in discussion, replacing free-form conversation with explicit norms and sequences.
Discussion Web - A discussion web is a graphic organizer that enables students to examine both sides of an issue before agreeing on a conclusion, promoting deeper processing of texts through meaningful conversational
Discussion-Oriented Flipped Classroom - First exposure to content happens through pre-class video (and other media) study; class time is devoted to facilitated discussion, debate, and collaborative analysis rather than lecture.
Discussions - Engage learners in text-based discussions where they discuss what they read with each other, and teachers set expectations and routines for productive discussions.
Discussions to Guide Reflection - Structured discussions that prompt learners to articulate, examine, and evaluate their own thinking and learning processes.
Disrupt the performative assessment cycle through structural assessment reform rather than technological solutionism - The article argues that humanizer services are a diagnostic signal of a feedback loop in which assessment demands, student behavior, and commercial services are mutually implicated, and that "disrupti
Disseminate evaluation findings through audience-segmented briefs backed by a shared methods summary - The article describes a dissemination approach in which a methods summary "accompanies a series of briefs summarizing results of the Ecree study for different audiences (teachers, students and familie
Disseminate evidence on effective peer tutoring types to practitioners in further and higher education - The article recommends wider dissemination to practitioners of what is already known about effective peer tutoring.
Disseminate partnership information through blog posts, videos, and infographics - As one of its outputs, the LEAD Partnership plans to "Develop dissemination resources (blog posts, videos, infographics) to share information about the partnership, intervention, and relevant research
Disseminate partnership information through blog posts, videos, and infographics to support acceptability and feasibility - The partnership plans to "Develop dissemination resources (blog posts, videos, infographics) to share information about the partnership, intervention, and relevant research." A stated note explains th
Disseminate preschool social-emotional learning programs targeting emotion knowledge and strengthen teacher-student relationship components - Based on the finding that emotion knowledge gains mediate the link between preschool relationships and kindergarten achievement, the authors recommend wider dissemination of early social-emotional lea
Disseminate research to practitioners through knowledge brokers and accessible formats such as short videos and social media threads - Because classroom teachers rarely seek out research, the report recommends reaching education's knowledge brokers—individuals in school systems who facilitate the exchange of research-informed knowled
Dissemination planning and accurate, accessible data visualization - The guide recommends a dissemination plan with 'multiple products with different messages...
Distance from broad global solutions and design education around specific local needs, letting communities decide the purpose school serves - The review's implications section recommends that to reimagine education for hunter-gatherer communities, educators and policymakers "must distance ourselves from broad global solutions and focus on s
Distance learning tips for supporting students who are deaf or hard of hearing - The webinar includes a presentation by Jessica Meissner, described as "the Director of Curriculum and Instruction at the Rochester School for the Deaf," who "shares tips for supporting students who ar
Distinguish learner research from user research and choose success metrics tied to educational outcomes rather than engagement - The report's EnGen case study recommends that developers not conflate metrics meaningful in consumer tech with evidence of learning.
Distinguish product users from purchasers and recruit representative users through school-like community settings - The article's lessons learned advise education teams to be "clear about who your customers are," because "there's often a gap between the person using the product (teachers, students) and the people w
Distinguish subgroup stratified analyses from statistical moderation tests when evaluating differential SEL effects - The review advises that depending on research aims, subgroup analyses or moderation tests of diversity characteristics may be appropriate, and that data may direct the decision, for example when subgr
Distinguish the purposes and scales of coexisting feedback sources in educational gig platforms - The article's first design consideration holds that when multiple feedback sources coexist where learner feedback carries strong evaluative weight, systems should "distinguish their purposes and scale
Distribute audio vocabulary listening across a spaced repetition schedule during routine physical activity - Students listen to each thematic audio vocabulary lesson 15 to 20 or more times, distributed across four repeating cycles: seven repetitions in the first week, four in the second, three in the third,
Distribute report review across staff committees to streamline school self-analysis - The report recommends a way to streamline the review process in a school: ask all interested staff and Local School Council members to study Part I, the Summary Profiles, and assign each sub-section o
Distributed Practice - Practicing content in short sessions spaced over time rather than massed into one long session, leveraging desirable difficulties to strengthen long-term retention.
Distributed Practice (Spaced Learning) - Distributed practice involves reviewing information or practicing skills across multiple sessions spread out over time, rather than in one continuous session (massed practice).
Distributed Practice (Spacing Effect) - Distributed practice schedules reviews of information or practice of a task across multiple sessions separated in time, rather than massing them together, producing markedly better long-term retention
District actions for sustained, equitable impact with powerful technology - The report closes with four recommended actions for districts investing in powerful technology: establish structures that promote student ownership, build layered systems of support, integrate AI lite
District actions to improve electronic grading system use: clarify formative/summative guidance, build mastery-based best-practice communities, and update grading standards with professional development - Based on observed variability in Gradebook use, the report recommends that CPS clarify grading practices around formative and summative assessments, help mastery-based grading teachers form a best-pra
District and collegial social support may protect principals against burnout in high-demand contexts - The review identifies social support from colleagues (including other principals in networks) and supervisors as correlated with lower burnout and as buffering the negative association between burnout
District and school leaders advise making early childhood a priority and using data to make every decision in school turnaround - In reflecting on their turnaround experience, Horace Mann's principal and superintendent offered direct advice to other leaders.
District and school leaders explore barriers to high-fidelity implementation of attendance supports and embed fidelity criteria in attendance policy - The report recommends that leaders identify why schools fail to meet district fidelity criteria and communicate guidance to raise fidelity.
District and school leaders should hold widespread discussions of grading practices and pair any expansion of boys' advanced-course enrollment with supports for students and teachers - The report's implications section recommends that CPS renew its professional grading standards guidelines and hold districtwide discussion of grading categories and weights, since "Weighting decisions
District hiring and incentive structures that prioritize certification: screening requirements, time limits for uncertified teachers, salary differentials, and designated certification staff - The report describes a bundle of district practices that prioritize certification across recruitment, hiring, and employment.
District implementation and professional development support for My Math Academy - Age of Learning offers a structured implementation plan (discovery meeting, comprehensive plan, integration and launch meetings, regular communication cadence, and impact reports) plus professional de
District investment of LCFF funds in residency stipends written into Local Control and Accountability Plans as a workforce development strategy - A financial sustainability strategy in which partner districts write the residency into their LCAPs and allocate Local Control Funding Formula funds toward resident stipends and program support staff,
District leaders should partner with families of students with IEPs and provide clear, accessible information so families can understand and compare how their child would be served - The article's policy and practice takeaways direct district leaders and policymakers to act on the barriers families faced.
District leaders use a recommendations framework to plan and implement effective summer programming - The brief offers district leaders a set of recommendations organized as a framework for planning and implementing summer programming.
District lessons for launching teacher-of-color support initiatives: safe space, clear goals, buy-in, and relationship time - In its Implications section, the report distills advice from initiative participants for other districts.
District strategies for spreading and deepening formative assessment practice systemwide - Sunnyside School District supported, spread, and deepened formative assessment districtwide through a set of enumerated strategies: constant and consistent messaging around the definition of and expec
District strategies for sustaining and supporting community schools initiatives - The report distills implementation implications for districts adopting community schools: "Districts adopting community school initiatives should consider implementing processes to enable broad-based
District, school, and classroom leaders should apply four timely considerations to support kindergarten students entering school after COVID-19 enrollment disruptions - The brief offers district, school, and classroom leaders a set of four considerations for supporting the kindergarten class of 2021, whose enrollment was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
District, state, and federal strategies to close the aspirations-attainment gap: linked K-16 data systems, educator capacity for college advising, and strong signals about college requirements - The report concludes with three strategies for policymakers to help close the gap between students' college aspirations and their attainment.
Districts considering metal detectors should weigh the full range of evidence, especially when doing so in lieu of funding other prevention efforts - The brief's concluding recommendation is that school districts considering metal detectors, particularly as a substitute for other prevention efforts, review the whole evidence base on effectiveness,
Districts considering school closures should provide substantial planning time, transition support for merging communities, and integration supports - Based on the study's mixed-methods findings, the report's interpretive considerations point districts toward adequate planning and community-merging support.
Districts expanding pre-k should prioritize placing full-day pre-k classrooms close to where historically underserved students live - The report's authors recommend that when district leaders expand pre-k and decide where to locate classrooms, they "have an opportunity to prioritize policies and funding that provide more full-day pr
Districts respond to shortages with teacher preparation and pathway strategies, especially partnerships coordinating student teaching and residency placements - Almost all shortage districts (93%) report adopting one or more preparation/pathway strategies: 72% work with teacher preparation programs to coordinate student teacher or residency placements, 62% to
Districts should build community-shared visions, evaluation infrastructure, and policies for procuring and using AI edtech - The report recommends that districts collaborate with community members to develop a shared vision, then determine "where might AI be useful and where might it be harmful." It argues districts hold "i
Districts should clearly articulate the EL leader with full contact details, use consistent terminology, and describe programs and policies on websites - This strategy, offered by the article's authors for communications directors, web developers, and EL program staff, directs districts to make their websites and communications outlets more navigable.
Districts should consider curricula and professional learning that intentionally highlight mathematical learning progressions - The study's forward-looking recommendation for districts is to "consider curricula and professional learning that intentionally highlight mathematical learning progressions." It follows from the findi
Districts should design and implement data collection processes now to shape collective learning from ESSER interventions - The presentation recommends that district leaders act immediately on measurement infrastructure for recovery spending, asking "What can districts do now to design and implement data collection process
Districts should map virtual-learning and equity actions onto the seven domains of a comprehensive, aligned principal pipeline - The report adapts the seven-domain "comprehensive, aligned" principal pipeline—leader standards, pre-service preparation, selective hiring and placement, on-the-job evaluation and support, principal s
Districts should prepare for extreme weather events in advance to recover faster and lessen impacts on students and teachers - The brief presents a playbook of practical strategies and recommendations aimed at school districts rather than individual teachers.
Districts should share sufficient subgroup data with assessment providers to enable multi-subgroup disaggregation - The guide's fourth recommendation addresses a practical barrier: many districts using MAP Growth do not share enough subgroup data for disaggregation within its reports.
Districts should track rates of lost instruction from suspensions and conduct recurring public reviews of discipline disparities - For local policymakers, the report recommends that districts track the frequency and rates of lost instruction from out-of-school suspensions and use the data to inform local discipline policy.
Districts supporting neighborhood schools should plan for continually shifting student populations and mobility-driven capacity demands - The report's closing recommendations for district leadership highlight that neighborhood schools serve any students in their attendance zone, taking in students at all times of year, so they have less
Districts use financial, personnel management, and working-conditions strategies to recruit and retain teachers, including leadership compensation, mentoring, and collaboration time - Districts report adopting financial strategies (74%), personnel management strategies (55%), and working-conditions strategies (40%).
Diverse hiring committees and intentional recruitment practices including HBCU/MSI outreach and higher-education partnerships - Participants proposed hiring committees that include teachers of color as core members and advisors who tap existing TOC networks, arguing administrators 'need purposeful intention and commitment to d
Diversify AIED: use diverse technologies, address big problems, and reuse existing resources rather than reinventing content - As concrete revolutionary moves, the article recommends broadening beyond desktop computers to handhelds, wearables, robotics, and mobile sensors for new interaction styles; applying educational data
Diversify the educator workforce through Grow Your Own programs, scholarships, and retention supports - The brief recommends states diversify and retain the educator workforce to foster belonging and challenge students to thrive.
Diversity of Perspectives and Identities - Incorporating diverse voices, experiences, and viewpoints into curriculum, materials, and discussion so learners encounter multiple ways of knowing and being.
Do not assume teaching methods validated with one SES group will transfer to a different SES group - The article proposes that accumulating findings of qualitative SES differences in psychological processing carry a direct implication for education policy: "we should not assume that teaching methods
Do not combine unfamiliar graphomotor demands with orthographically complex words for students who have not mastered graphomotor skills - This instructional strategy follows from the finding that spelling and graphomotor processes interact and compete for cognitive resources in beginning writers.
Do not recommend applying perceptual disfluency to study materials absent convincing evidence of a (moderated) effect - The article draws a practical consequence from the pattern of replication failures: if neither moderated nor universal disfluency effects can be reliably found, "The practical consequence is to not re
Do Now / Bell Work - A short, self-directed task students begin immediately upon entering class, before instruction starts, used to activate prior knowledge, retrieve prior learning, or settle the room.
Document prior research on a solution, starting from community-needs assessment efforts, before planning future evaluations - The article recommends that organizations systematically document previous research on their solution to inform future evaluations.
Document survey data collection procedures and results in a methodological summary - The article models the practice of publishing a methodological summary alongside a survey: "This report summarizes the College Experiences Survey data collection procedures and results." Such document
Document the implementation context and measure the intervention-control contrast - The guide directs researchers to 'document the context in which the intervention is implemented' and to 'measure the difference between the intervention and what members of the control group receive'.
Document the lotteries schools of choice conduct and their waiting-list admission procedures - The article describes, as part of its methodological guidance, the actual admission mechanisms schools of choice use: "the lotteries charter schools conduct and procedures for admitting students from
Dolch Sight Word List - Cloze Passage Worksheets - Grade-level cloze passage worksheets in which students supply missing Dolch sight words, building automatic recognition in meaningful context.
Dolch Sight Word List - Flash Cards - Sets of printable flash cards for Dolch sight words, organized by grade level, used for rapid recognition practice of high-frequency words.
Dolch Sight Word List - Word Shape Worksheets - Printable worksheets in which students identify and complete Dolch sight words using letter-shape (box) cues, building visual word recognition.
Dolch Sight Word Lists - The Dolch Sight Word list comprises the 220 most common service words and 95 common nouns in children's texts, taught for instant recognition rather than decoding.
Dolch Word List - Word Search Puzzles - Word search puzzles built from Dolch sight words, used as low-stakes practice for automatic recognition of high-frequency words.
Domain Check - A quick source-evaluation heuristic in which students check the top-level domain of a website (.edu, .gov, .org, .com) as a first-pass indicator of credibility.
Domain-adapt RAG pipelines for mathematical education via entity recognition, notation-aware retrieval, and pedagogical re-ranking - The article recommends adapting RAG to formal domains with three optimizations: mathematical entity recognition that distinguishes O(n) as Big-O from the letter O and recognizes proof markers; notatio
Don’t Jump Into "Fix It" Mode - Resist the urge to immediately find solutions; listen and understand first, then collaborate on what support the learner actually wants.
Don’t Say My Number - A counting game where a chosen number is forbidden, and learners must skip it while counting aloud in sequence.
Dot Card Flash - One learner flashes a dot card to another for about 3 seconds, then hides it; the second learner recreates the arrangement from memory.
Dot Card Matching Games - Learners match dot cards with equal quantities but different arrangements, or match dot cards to corresponding numeral cards, building subitizing and number-sense foundations.
Double-dose algebra: tracking with supports as an alternative to detracking - The double-dose algebra strategy keeps homogeneous classes but gives low-skill students two periods of algebra—a support course plus regular algebra—along with curricular resources, stand-alone lesson
Double-Entry Journals - Learners split a page into two columns, recording quotations or text excerpts on one side and their personal responses, questions, or interpretations on the other as they read.
Doubles Minus One - A derived-fact strategy for addition in which learners solve near-double facts (e.g., 6+5) by using a known doubles fact (6+6) and adjusting down by one.
Doubles Plus One - A derived-fact strategy for addition in which learners solve near-double facts (e.g., 7+8) by using a known doubles fact (7+7) and adding one.
Downgrade assessment priority for tasks already assessed earlier in the course or program - A concrete move within the prioritization process: "The instructor may find that the need to assess tasks which had been assessed earlier in the course (or, in the case of an upper-level course, earli
Draft flexible educational specifications stating activities and needs rather than fixed dimensions - The paper recommends that educators give architects specifications describing intended activities and program needs rather than prescribing shapes and dimensions, so the architect retains autonomy and
Drafting And Feedback Cycles - Learners produce successive versions of a work product, with feedback between drafts used to guide revision rather than to grade the final attempt.
DragonBox Algebra 5+ App - A game-based app that teaches algebraic reasoning by having learners manipulate cards to isolate a "box," implicitly solving equations before formal notation is introduced.
Dramatic Play - Dramatic play (pretend play) is a learning strategy in which learners take on imagined roles and act out scenarios, experimenting with social, emotional, and linguistic roles through imagination.
Draw across adult-learning literatures ('larger tent' approach) rather than over-relying on field-specific literature in teacher education - The authors argue that teacher education research benefits from incorporating instruments and constructs shared across professions and adult-learning fields, a "larger tent" approach they call a hallm
Draw on a professional development program's experience preparing teachers to lead it when preparing teacher leaders to facilitate professional learning - The brief's approach is to derive insights for preparing teacher leaders from a program's own experience developing teacher-leaders: it "offers insights to help address these challenges based on the N
Draw on diagnosed errors and misconceptions to inform the teaching of integration and limits - The article's teaching recommendation is that instruction in integration and limits should be informed by what clinical analysis reveals about students' understanding.
Draw Time When Felt Emotion - Learners draw pictures of a time when they felt specific emotions and share with classmates.
Draw To Explain - Learners construct drawings or diagrams to explain a concept, process, or system, using generative visual construction rather than viewing provided images.
Drawing and Memory Enhancement - Drawing is a powerful technique to enhance memory and recall by engaging learners in multiple cognitive processes.
Drawing and Writing Developmental Stages - Understanding the developmental stages of drawing and writing can help educators tailor activities to match a child's current abilities.
Drawing for Early Writing and Reading Development - Drawing is a strategy to foster creativity, planning, and the development of foundational literacy skills in young learners.
Drawing for Emergent Writing - Drawing activities support emergent writing by giving young learners unstructured drawing time and using their drawings as plans and prompts for early literacy tasks.
Drawing for Formative Assessment - Inviting learners to express their understanding through drawings provides insights into their comprehension and any misconceptions.
Drawing for Memory and Comprehension - Learners create their own drawings of to-be-learned content, forcing generative visual, kinesthetic, and semantic processing that improves recall and understanding.
Drawing for Memory and Learning - Learners create drawings of to-be-learned content as an encoding strategy, producing better memory than writing or other study methods.
Drawing To Learn - Learners generate drawings or diagrams to construct and organize understanding of content, rather than only reading or viewing prepared visuals.
Dual Coding - Pairing verbal information with complementary visual representations so learners encode content through two channels and build richer, better-connected memory structures.
Dual Color Highlighting - Dual color highlighting is a text-to-speech feature that highlights the word being read aloud in one color while highlighting the containing sentence in another, synchronizing auditory and visual inpu
During a study, researchers should visit regularly, give back to the school community, minimize classroom disruption, and share initial data for feedback - This strategy keeps researchers present and useful throughout data collection: visit regularly not only to collect data but to continue conversations, get to know the school environment, and give back
During adoption, determine professional learning needs and secure sustainable funding for training before proceeding - In the adoption stage, the framework directs districts to determine who needs professional learning and to what degree, and to schedule appropriate training.
During initial evaluation, investigate legal compliance, equity, accessibility, and context-specific barriers - In the initial evaluation stage, the framework directs decision makers to check compliance with FERPA, PPRA, CIPA, HIPAA, and COPPA; to "ensure emerging technologies are equitable for all students by
During initial evaluation, scrutinize what data is collected, how it is stored and shared, and whether it is extraneous - The framework's data-privacy criterion asks evaluators to investigate "what specific data is being collected from users, how safely that data is stored, and what is done with that data." The stated go
During post-adoption, monitor fidelity of use, examine equity patterns, and share strengths and challenges with developers - The post-adoption stage asks districts to determine where the tool is "being beneficially implemented with fidelity and where it is not," to examine data for equitable support, and to identify "patter
During the discussion, the teacher asks directive questions that point to the relevant concepts students need to recall from their subsequent self-study - The article recommends that the PBL teacher "ask directive questions which point more directly to the relevant concepts students need to recall from their self-study after the discussion," thereby ret
Dynamically Introduce Academic Vocabulary - Use repeated encounters with a word in varied, authentic contexts — anchored by a memorable first encounter — to help learners internalize definitions and use words flexibly.
Dysgraphia rehabilitation strategies: ductus-informed models, movement-focused perception, rhythmic support, and digital tablets - The review lists scientifically validated strategies for dysgraphia rehabilitation, most focusing on the graphomotor component.