Strategies: S 2

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State education agencies can commission regional educational laboratory analytic support to develop COVID-19 mitigation guidance for school reopening - This strategy pairs a state education agency with a regional educational laboratory to supply analytic support for policy guidance.
State education agencies can support rural turnaround staffing and professional development through recruitment supports, shared PD, and technology assistance - The article describes a set of SEA-level supports for rural schools drawn from the CST handbook chapter and survey.
State leaders should assess six funding-stability policy areas to reduce district revenue volatility - The brief identifies six state policy areas that foster fiscal resiliency: guaranteed funding floors, rainy day funds, hold-harmless provisions for declining enrollment, reducing unfunded pension liab
State leaders should eliminate dual credit fees for all students and strengthen automatic enrollment policy implementation - The brief recommends that Washington build on its 2023 fee eliminations by extending universal access: "The state should build on the universal access model they created in SB 5048 and work to elimina
State leaders should proactively disseminate Title VII information to eligible LEAs through trainings, webinars, fact sheets, and direct outreach - Interview respondents recommended that state education agencies and Indian education departments be more proactive in sharing information with eligible LEAs about Title VII.
State leaders support local SEAD implementation through three levers: prioritizing SEAD in state goals, providing equity-focused guidance and funding, and making data public - The brief identifies three key levers state leaders can use to support local implementation of six SEAD policy areas: prioritizing SEAD policies in state goals to set equity-lens expectations, providi
State policy actions across the career continuum: attract, prepare, and develop/support/retain educators - The document enumerates concrete state policy actions organized in three sections with numbered components and subcomponents describing practices used by states and districts.
State policy levers for sustaining yearlong, stipended clinical preparation: require or incentivize full-year stipended clinical experience, fund partnerships, and reduce testing fees - For state policymakers, the report recommends that states "Require or incentivize candidates to complete a full year of stipended clinical experience to earn a teaching credential", fund EPPs and dist
State policy models for scaling high-impact tutoring: Colorado's non-competitive grant program and Louisiana's long-term Accelerate initiative - The brief presents two state approaches as models.
State policy package to expand equitable access to advanced coursework: credit transparency, automatic enrollment with opt-out, fee removal, disaggregated data reporting, and belonging supports - The brief recommends that Massachusetts require public higher education institutions to be "transparent and consistent in awarding college credit" (e.g., Bills S.838 and H.1280, barring minimum score
State policymakers should pair any choice expansion with quality controls, equitable access safeguards, integration management, and research and evaluation requirements - The report's Key Policy Considerations section lays out implementable state actions across sectors: ensure many high-quality options with consolidated, accessible applications and free transportation;
State policymakers should strengthen their own oversight capacity as accreditors' watchdog role weakens - Because the forthcoming regulations are set to weaken accreditors' ability to function as independent watchdogs for educational quality and consumer protection, the brief recommends that states fill t
State priorities for designing durable cross-sector systems supporting highly mobile youth - From the two state cases, the report distills priorities for state leaders: "Align state-level policy while allowing local flexibility.
State reforms: comprehensive discrimination prohibitions, constitutional entrenchment, enforcement capacity, and strengthened state rights to education - The report recommends states adopt "a far-reaching prohibition of education discrimination that covers all types of discrimination and discrimination in all facets of education," develop definitions c
State supports for UPK expansion: fund facilities and ratio implementation, update reimbursement rates, offer curriculum and assessment technical assistance, and expand professional development and inclusive-classroom supports - The report closes with a set of state-level actions to sustain UPK quality as TK expansion finishes.
State, district, and school leaders can support positive math classroom conditions through guidance, teacher education, funding, shared vision, and data-informed reflection - The report's policy and practice considerations direct state policymakers to issue curriculum and instructional guidance articulating the importance of positive classroom conditions for math learning,
State-level advocacy actions to strengthen school improvement supports for identified schools - The report recommends a set of state-level advocacy actions for advancing equity through school improvement: urging leaders to "Dedicate state funding to augment federal improvement dollars," revise f
State-level international benchmarking actions for 21st century readiness - Citing the 2008 "Benchmarking for Success" report, the chapter recommends five actions: adopting internationally benchmarked common core standards in math and language arts; leveraging collective infl
State-supported improvement agenda across six TPE issue areas - The report recommends that Maryland improve TPE and SLO implementation quality through coordinated action in six issue areas: TPE integration with instruction, principal leadership, quality and consis
States and districts should treat identifying and developing effective principals as a priority given the central importance of school leadership - The fact sheet directs state and district attention to school leadership as a lever for improvement.
States conduct a statewide survey of new teachers with comparable questions across all programs - The brief recommends that states conduct a survey of new teachers to alleviate the burden on EPPs and produce comparable data, since "states are uniquely positioned to do this work at scale, asking th
States should undertake updated costing studies and consider dual funding to meet the needs of EL and low-income students - The report recommends that state policymakers assessing funding adequacy commission updated costing studies and consider dual funding.
States should weigh the tradeoff between easily measured indicators (understandable, low data burden) and more complex measures (greater nuance), and explore innovative readiness measures tied to long-term outcomes - The brief recommends that states designing postsecondary readiness indicators deliberately trade off simplicity against nuance.
Station Rotation - Learners move between fixed stations — teacher-led, collaborative, and independent/digital — on a set schedule, so one teacher can differentiate instruction within a single class period.
Stations: Interacting with Multiple Texts - Small groups rotate through stations, each featuring a different text or media type, to build multi-perspective understanding of a topic.
Steelmanning - Learners construct the strongest possible version of a position they disagree with before critiquing it, deepening understanding and improving argument quality.
Steer an antagonistic agent with point-level tagging and stance-level framing - The article recommends giving designers explicit mechanisms to steer agent pushback: "(1)point-level tagging, in which they label each pushback point as useful, not useful, or with a custom tag, and d
STeLLA® teaching strategies for explaining, identifying, and engaging science concepts - STeLLA® trains teachers in instructional strategies emphasizing three areas: explaining science concepts using accurate descriptions, analogies, visual displays or models, and other representations th
Step In When Abusive Language Occurs - Addressing offensive language promptly and consistently is crucial for creating a safe and respectful classroom environment.
Stick-It Together (Collaborative Problem-Solving) - Students solve a problem individually on sticky notes, then merge their ideas into a single group answer, defending and refining each other's thinking.
Stop and Jot - A processing activity in which learners pause at designated points in a lesson to write brief responses to instructor-posed questions before instruction continues.
Storage Areas - Deliberately organized, well-labeled storage of materials and resources in a learning space so that learners can find, access, and return materials with minimal distraction and disruption.
Story and Concept Maps - Story and concept maps are visual representations used to organize information and enhance comprehension, particularly of narratives and complex relationships.
Story Map - Story maps are graphic organizers that help learners visually represent the key elements of a narrative — characters, setting, plot, conflict, and resolution — to support comprehension and recall.
Story Mapping - Learners construct a visual map of a narrative's key story grammar elements — characters, setting, problem, events, and resolution — to improve comprehension and recall.
Story Retelling - Learners reconstruct a narrative they have read or heard in their own words, demonstrating comprehension of sequence, characters, and causal structure.
Story retelling with familiar picture books to practice sequencing - Students put a story in the correct order using an enclosed worksheet, with suggested books including The 3 Pigs, The 3 Bears, If You Give a Mouse a Cookie, The Napping House, and There Was an Old Wom
Story Telling (Pre-Reading) - The instructor prepares and tells a short, personalized narrative related to the reading topic to build interest and activate prior knowledge before reading.
Storybook Emotion Analysis - Using storybooks to explore and discuss the emotions of characters, building emotional recognition, empathy, and perspective-taking.
Storytelling - Embedding learning content in a narrative structure — characters, causality, and sequence — to leverage the mind's affinity for stories in encoding, organization, and recall.
Storytelling in Explainer Animations and Videos - Combining visual elements with engaging narratives to capture the learners' attention and facilitate long-term information retention.
Strategic Desk Arrangement - Deliberately configuring the physical seating layout to align with the intended learning activity, attention demands, and learner needs.
Strategic interventions focused on attention to consistent context and self-monitoring of performance to offset age-related VSTM decline - The article recommends building interventions on two preserved abilities: encoding and reinstating consistent external context around to-be-remembered items, and metacognitive monitoring of trial-to-t
Strategic staffing models that redirect district instructional-support funds to subsidize paid residency stipends - Strategic staffing "redirect district funds, typically for instructional support staff positions like substitute teachers or paraprofessionals, to subsidize residency stipends by having residents fulf
Strategic staffing partnership model funds resident stipends while meeting LEA paraeducator and substitute staffing needs - Starting in 2022–23, Claremont moved toward a strategic staffing partnership model that provided residents with high-quality mentors and LEA-funded stipends while offering partner LEAs solutions for i
Strategic steps to move beyond informal AI innovation: recognise redesign in workload models, embed innovation in promotion criteria, set institutional AI principles, redesign assessment, and fund scaling pilots - The article enumerates five implementable institutional actions: "Recognise AI-driven curriculum redesign in workload models so innovation is not dependent on unrecognised effort by individual educato
Strategically employ AI tools, including chatbots, within active learning methodologies such as problem-based learning, flipped classrooms, and virtual labs - The review recommends that AI tools including chatbots be "strategically employed in active learning methodologies, such as problem-based learning, flipped classrooms, and online learning".
Strategies for integrating GenAI in STEAM teaching: outcome-anchored lesson planning, differentiation, inquiry and project variants, assessment redesign, and integrity as pedagogy - The review recommends a set of classroom strategies: AI-assisted lesson planning anchored in learning outcomes, disciplinary concepts, and assessment evidence; differentiated materials tied to common
Strategies for utilizing emotions to promote learning: spark curiosity via knowledge gaps, foster mastery orientation, transmit enthusiasm, and time emotional events within lessons - The review enumerates implementable strategies by which teachers can use emotions to facilitate learning and prevent emotions that compromise it.
Strategies to Develop Positive Classroom Pride - A cluster of practices — displaying learner work, regular verbal reinforcement, public recognition, and extending recognition to families — that builds collective pride and a positive classroom climat
Strategies to improve health and financial literacy across the lifespan as a potential public health lever - Based on their finding that literacy is associated with health promoting behaviors and health status, the authors recommend literacy improvement as a public health strategy.
Strategies to Remember Name Pronunciation - Use mnemonic and technological techniques — word association, phonetic respelling, rhyming, and name-pronunciation tools — to learn and correctly pronounce learners' names.
Strategy Identification & Reflection - Learners name and reflect on the strategies they use to overcome challenges, building a shared, reusable vocabulary of learning processes.
Strategy Identification and Application - Explicitly teaching a repertoire of problem-solving strategies, then having learners name and reflect on the strategies they use when stuck, so they can reapply them independently.
Strategy Instruction - Strategy instruction teaches learners how to learn effectively by applying principles, rules, or multi-step processes to solve problems or accomplish learning tasks.
Strategy Instruction (Self-Regulated Strategy Development - SRSD) - Explicit teaching of writing strategies, especially self-regulated strategy development (SRSD).
Strategy instruction may play a role in the effectiveness of the learner-generated drawing strategy - The article concludes with a discussion of how strategy instruction might play a role in the effectiveness of the drawing strategy.
Strategy training to strengthen learner-provided corrective feedback during peer interaction - The review highlights learner-provided corrective feedback and recommends strategy training as a way to strengthen the role of CF during peer interaction.
Strategy-detail-verify educator review of generated representation variants - The paper recommends structuring instructor review of each generated card representation in three levels, adapted from SPHERE's strategy-detail-verify workflow.
Strategy-level training programs that educate learners about desirable difficulties and the effort-learning paradox - At the strategy level, the S2D2 framework recommends small-group or online learning strategy training programs that educate learners about strategy effectiveness and the paradoxical relation between e
Stratified career development education and psychological interventions tailored to career adapt-abilities profiles - Because latent profile analysis revealed pronounced heterogeneity, with over 40% of students in the low adapt-abilities group and fewer than 10% in the high group, the article recommends stratified in
Strength-Based Approach to Responsible Decision-Making - Identifying and leveraging a student's existing strengths to build competence in responsible decision-making.
Strength-Based Approach to Self-Awareness - Identifies a student's existing strengths in self-awareness (emotion labeling, reflection, prediction) and leverages them to address related challenges.
Strength-Based Approach to Social Awareness - This method involves identifying a student's strengths related to social awareness and using those strengths to address their challenges.
Strength-based guidance: recognizing and nurturing learners' inherent strengths rather than emphasizing deficits - The report recommends that schools taking a personalized approach to career guidance use strength-based guidance, which 'focuses on recognizing and nurturing the inherent strengths and skills that eac
Strengthen administrator induction by integrating it into a continuum of supports, mandating coach training and consistent coaching intervals, building program–district partnerships, and using CalAPA results to inform coaching - The report's policy recommendations aim to tighten induction's connection to other professional learning.
Strengthen all facets of teachers' SRL knowledge through sustained, theory-informed professional development - The review recommends that teacher education and professional development explicitly target all three TK-SRL dimensions, since AK-SRL and PCK-SRL are under-examined and teachers' knowledge is unevenly
Strengthen grantee strategic learning capacity through scoping support, provider matching, cohort learning activities, and thought partnership - An intermediary-led capacity-building strategy in which the intermediary helps grantees "scope projects in their area of need, matching grantees with providers that could help build organizational cap
Strengthen implementation scaffolding for new edtech rollouts with routines, guided practice, and change management grounded in observed workflows - The article's recommendation for district leaders rolling out new tools: "pair new feature rollouts with concrete routines, guided practice, and modest incentives when possible, such as preparing teac
Strengthen institutional policies, ethics education, verification, disclosure, and data protection to support ethical GenAI use - Based on the model's findings, the authors recommend a set of institutional actions: "strengthen clear institutional policies, integrate ethics education across the curriculum, promote critical verifi
Strengthen IVR eye-tracking validity through theory-driven metric selection, transparent data-quality documentation, and triangulation with complementary methods - The review recommends that future IVR eye-tracking studies select metrics based on established theoretical rationales rather than scanning vendor-provided indices, document data-quality control proced
Strengthen PK-20 partnerships through annual summits of policy makers, practitioners, and teacher education faculty - A specific implementable activity the article reports: New Hampshire state-level initiatives include "strengthening of PK-20 partnerships through annual summits of state-level policy makers, district-
Strengthen school-based mental health services, special educators and early-detection awareness programmes for depression and learning disorders - Based on 26 years of service data showing rising registrations for affective disorders and disorders of psychological development, the authors recommend that "Indian clinics may need to strengthen ser
Strengthen teacher pipelines and remove biased promotion barriers to build the principal pipeline - The brief recommends creating leadership opportunities for strong teachers, particularly teachers of color, since diversifying school leadership begins with diversifying the educator workforce.
Strengthen the evidence base on school-based law enforcement through rigorous experimental studies, including random assignment designs - The brief recommends improving the quality of available evidence on school-based law enforcement's effectiveness, noting that the U.S.
Strengthen the evidence base with comparative and longitudinal designs and include rural, underserved, and low-resource communities before presenting GenAI as democratizing - The review's forward-looking recommendation is that the field move beyond small exploratory studies: "Future research should use stronger comparative and longitudinal designs and directly include rura
Strengthen vocational mental health education through literacy, ecosystem, teacher development, and crisis networks - The article recommends a four-part strategy for secondary vocational schools: raising mental health literacy, improving the psychological growth environment, developing teachers' capacities, and build
Strengths Based Feedback - Feedback that identifies and builds on what learners are already doing well, using those strengths as the entry point for improvement rather than leading with deficits.
Strengths-Based IEPs - A shift in mindset where the Individualized Education Program (IEP) focuses as much on the learner's strengths as it does on their weaknesses, leveraging abilities to help address needs.
Strengths-Based Teaching - A teaching approach that identifies and leverages learners' existing strengths and talents to build engagement, confidence, and overall achievement rather than remediating deficits.
Stress inoculation training for crews operating without external support - The review recommends stress inoculation training, drawn from high-tempo operational domains, as a behavioral readiness strategy for crews who must operate without mission-control resolution.
Stress Management Routines - Regularly embedded practices — breathing, mindfulness, physical movement, and cognitive reframing — that help learners regulate stress so it does not consume working memory and attention needed for le
Structural supports for restorative practices: funding, people, time, discipline policy, and equity - The brief identifies structural supports that must be attended to for restorative practices to be implemented and sustained: rethinking success beyond fewer referrals, allocating or reallocating fundi
Structural, school-level approaches to address teachers' explicit immigration attitudes - The article recommends structural, school-level approaches over individual bias-awareness training alone, noting that "interventions that target only individual bias awareness rarely yield lasting cha
Structure adventure programs in two parts: preparation and training phase followed by the wilderness project - The paper recommends that programs using the empowerment method have two parts: preparation and training for the wilderness project, then the actual undertaking of the project.
Structure AI training as a preparatory phase followed by practical progression from guided to autonomous exploration culminating in critical reflection - The review found training generally comprised a preparatory phase followed by a practical phase, "progressing from guided to autonomous exploration of AI tools and culminating in critical reflection o
Structure AI-assisted grading to shift TA effort from routine low-judgment decisions toward conceptually rich responses - The article recommends that AI-assisted grading be structured so that teaching assistants spend their time on the responses that are most conceptually rich or require careful interpretation, rather th
Structure AI-focused professional development as a supported trajectory of planning, reflection, design autonomy, and embedded critical AI literacy - The article recommends that professional development move beyond tool demonstrations and technology-acceptance outcomes toward a supported developmental trajectory.
Structure data collection timing, capacity-building, and community engagement to enable climate data use - The report's implications section recommends that districts and states structure supports around the enabling conditions observed in the cases.
Structure EER design around the three basic psychological needs of self-determination theory - The review recommends designing EERs to support competence, autonomy, and relatedness, since the reviewed articles "explained how the implementation of EERs can support and enhance these needs, thus f
Structure evaluation technical assistance around funding and provision, utilization, benefits, and success factors - The article organizes its account of evaluation technical assistance around six topics: the grant programs, "details about ETA including its funding and provision," "details about the success and util
Structure GenAI curriculum development around functionality, cross-context applications, and ethical-legal dimensions - This strategy implements the student-identified priority areas as a planning structure for GenAI curriculum development: build student capability in "understanding and optimising GenAI functionality",
Structure GenAI integration in higher education around feedback-literacy curricula and reflective course design - The article draws a practical implication for universities: because the association between GenAI use and self-reported critical analytical skills runs mainly through feedback literacy and is stronges
Structure GenAI studio sessions as a two-phase create-then-edit design task linking open-ended ideation to context-sensitive refinement - A session recipe in which students first create imagery from scratch with text prompts (Phase A), then edit provided CAD-based visualisations or photographs using reference-image and hybrid in-paintin
Structure GenAI use guidelines as a scaffold progressing from what GenAI is, through affordances, to consequences and collective responsibilities - The article recommends that institutional GenAI guidelines be broader than academic-integrity rules and be layered to match students' mental models.
Structure group work to facilitate collaborative discussions and help-seeking behaviors among peers, particularly for low self-efficacy students - The authors recommend designing collaborative group work so that peer discussion and help-seeking occur, because their data show peer help was the experience most reported by students with lower initi
Structure OBC procurement around intentionality questions on learner goals, populations, outcomes, and stakeholders - The presentation offers a structured set of intentionality and collaboration questions districts should answer before contracting: what learner goals to explore and what the data says, which learner p
Structure one-to-one tutoring lessons around fluency, word skills, phonemic and orthographic awareness, scaffolded book reading, and progress monitoring - The review enumerates the lesson components of Reading Recovery's daily tutoring sessions: "fluency instruction, letter and word identification skills, phonemic and orthographic awareness instruction,
Structure online small group work to maximize meaningful exchanges, assign conversational roles, ensure question-and-answer opportunity, and provide instructor feedback - The article's implications section recommends that because text-based interaction is the entirety of communication in asynchronous classrooms, "educators and instructional designers should provide str
Structure opportunities for students to evaluate AI outputs using locally grounded criteria of relevance, harm, and usefulness - For computing educators, the paper recommends creating "structured opportunities for students to evaluate AI outputs using locally grounded criteria of relevance, harm, and usefulness, positioning AI
Structure principal preparation internships around mastery of leadership competencies and strengthen university-district partnerships - This implementable recipe from the Illinois reform redesigns the preparation internship so that candidates work toward mastery of defined leadership competencies rather than accumulating hours of obse
Structure R&D teams for student critical mass, processing time, and collaboration to dispel intimidation - A strategy for amplifying student voice in education R&D teams based on findings from the Young (2022) study.
Structure reflection after collaboration for both students and teachers using prompts, exit tickets, journals, rubrics, plus-and-delta, and gallery walks - The primer treats reflection as critical at the conclusion of collaborative activities, for both students and teachers.
Structure reform analyses so each chapter presents original analysis, discusses implications for practice, and ends with recommendations for community colleges - The volume organizes its contributions so that "Each chapter in the volume presents original analysis, discussing implications of the research for practice, and each ends with a set of recommendations
Structure simulator sessions as short introductions followed by repeated task performance with teacher circulation and feedback. - The article describes a session structure where the teacher gives a short introduction (supported by pre-session online platform content and a physical model of the forwarder), students then perform t
Structure synthesis work as a facilitator role plus dedicated synthesis weeks with individual artifacts feeding in-class group synthesis - The KS intervention's pedagogical design combined a 20-minute lecture on knowledge synthesis, a student "discussion facilitator" role in regular weeks, and two synthesis weeks without new readings.
Structure the curriculum around the language of reasons in each discipline - Siegel recommends that in all curriculum areas, education fostering critical thinking should emphasize the nature and role of reasons, the active consideration of alternative theoretical and critical
Structure varied exercises so that repetitive practice supports sense-making - The paper points to structuring varied exercises as a way to embed discovery opportunities in practice, citing work on variation in mathematics education: “For one comparison, see Watson and Mason (20
Structured Academic Controversy - A cooperative learning procedure in which pairs of students research and advocate opposing positions on an issue, then reverse perspectives, reach consensus, and report jointly.
Structured activity design and moderate realism benefit shared VR learning environments - The article recommends that shared VR learning environments employ structured activity design and moderate realism to benefit equity, adaptability, and cost-effectiveness.
Structured and Sustained Family Engagement Programs - School-wide programs that embed family participation in students' academic learning, sustained across years and evaluated for effectiveness.
Structured Discussion Techniques - Facilitating productive discussions through clear expectations, modeling, sentence starters, and repeatable talk routines so learners can sustain rigorous peer dialogue with minimal instructor supervi
Structured discussions that anchor new vocabulary in students' personal experience - A third-generation vocabulary strategy in which, after the teacher gives a word's meaning, students are asked "What experiences, thoughts or associations do you have with the term...
Structured Music and Dance Activities - Structured music and dance activities embed rhythm and movement into educational content, integrating academic, motor, and social goals — particularly for young learners.
Structured Observation Protocol - A structured observation protocol uses a template or guide to record factual details about a student's experiences without interpretation, opinion, or judgment.
Structured Peer Discussion Roles - Assigning learners distinct, interdependent roles (e.g., questioner, summarizer, skeptic) within small-group discussion to ensure equitable participation and deeper processing.
Structured post-screening discussion using amplification followed by moral case deliberation - The article proposes a concrete classroom procedure: screen a film with existential themes, then have students discuss trigger questions in pairs ('What triggered your attention?'; 'By which scenes we
Structured prompt framework for LLM-assisted inductive coding (role assignment, format specification, reasoning-based prompting) - The article's prompt engineering strategy specifies that prompts should meet "three core criteria: (1) clearly specifying the model's role, (2) defining input and output formats, and (3) incorporating
Structured Questioning for Pair Talk - Using structured questions with clear goals and timeframes provides focus and scaffolding for pair talk activities.
Structured reflection exercise for educators to situate their family engagement practice within the three engagement approaches - The brief concludes with a reflection exercise helping teachers and school leaders situate their family engagement practices within the three documented engagement approaches, "each of which reflect d
Structured/Segmented Instruction - Systematically teaching information that has been chunked into manageable pieces and sequenced so parts are mastered before being integrated into the whole.
Structuring Group Work - Designing collaborative tasks with defined roles, individual accountability, and explicit interaction protocols so group activity produces learning rather than mere activity.
Structuring Lessons - A lesson structure maps the teaching and learning that occurs in class.
Student Assessment Reports - Student assessment reports are structured, often visual documents that communicate learner progress and assessment results to students, parents, and other stakeholders.
Student Blogging - Students regularly publish written posts to an authentic audience, often with peer commenting, to support reflection, writing development, and learner autonomy.
Student Choice - Allowing learners to make meaningful decisions about their learning — what to work on, how to approach it, or how to demonstrate mastery — to build autonomy, motivation, and self-direction.
Student Demonstrations - Learners showcase their understanding of a topic or skill through a performance, presentation, or hands-on activity, typically as part of assessment.
Student Feedback on the Class - Systematically soliciting student feedback about instruction and using it to adjust teaching practice, course design, and classroom climate.
Student Game Design - Learners build their own game around a course topic or principle, designing mechanics, rules, and content that teach the material to an intended audience.
Student Hand Signals - Learners use pre-defined non-verbal hand cues to simultaneously indicate understanding, agreement, or readiness in response to a prompt.
Student Led Conferences - A conference format in which students prepare and deliver a presentation of their own learning, goals, and work samples to teachers and families, replacing the teacher-dominated report.
Student Led IEPs - Students with disabilities actively lead their Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings — presenting goals, reporting progress, and advocating for accommodations — rather than passively attendi
Student Led Math Conferences - One-on-one conferences in which students bring their own work and formative assessment data, reflect on their mathematical progress, and co-construct a specific learning goal with the teacher.
Student Models - Student models are examples of writing (or other work) produced by other students, typically curated and anonymized by instructors, made available for learners to study as reference points.
Student Portfolio Creation - Student portfolio creation involves students selecting and organizing their best work samples to demonstrate their progress, reflect on their learning, and set goals.
Student Presentation of Collaborative Work - After completing a collaborative problem-solving task, groups project their work and present their final responses to the class, explaining their reasoning and process.
Student Presentations All About Me - Learners prepare and deliver a short personal presentation ("All About Me") to build oral communication skills, classroom community, and self-knowledge.
Student Reflection (Responsible Decision-Making) - Uses structured student reflection on real and hypothetical decisions to build the CASEL competency of responsible decision-making — evaluating consequences, ethical standards, and social norms before
Student Self-Knowledge - Student self-knowledge involves helping learners understand their strengths, interests, and areas for growth as learners.
Student Shadowing - An adult (educator, administrator, or school leader) follows a student throughout their school day to observe their experiences, interactions, and environment firsthand.
Student Shadowing (For Educator Insights) - Educators spend a full or substantial portion of a school day shadowing an individual student to gather real-time qualitative data about the learner's lived experience.
Student Shadowing (for high school instructors) - A veteran teacher or coach shadows one or two students for a couple of days to gain insights into their experiences.
Student Shadowing (Qualitative Data Collection) - A school leader spends a full school day shadowing an individual student to gather qualitative data about their lived experience of school.
Student Shadowing (Teacher/Coach Observation) - A teacher or coach shadows a student to gain insights into their experiences and identify areas for improvement in teaching practices.
Student Voice In Curriculum Planning - Involving learners directly in decisions about what and how the curriculum covers — from topic selection and pacing to assessment design — rather than treating them as passive recipients of a fixed pl
Student-co-created acceptable/unacceptable behavior guides for conflict management - This strategy has students brainstorm and compile lists of unacceptable and acceptable methods of solving conflict, which are discussed, narrowed down, and typed up as a class behavioral guide.
Student-Created Magazines - Students research real-world applications of a subject area, read primary sources closely, and write and assemble articles into a collaborative magazine.
Student-designed community walks that flip teacher and learner roles to build cultural humility - As part of staff development, teachers become learners during community walks: student-designed and student-led visits to the neighborhoods where students live, often ending with a meal in a family ho
Student-Driven Classroom Transformation - Involving students in the design and transformation of their learning environment to promote ownership, engagement, and a sense of community.
Student-generated mapping exercise - Provide students with skeletal map templates and term lists and have them analyze and place concepts into the structure prior to assessment, individually or in small groups of 3-4.
Student-Generated Problems - Learners create their own problems based on concepts they are learning, share them with peers, and solve each other's problems.
Student-Generated Questions in PBL - Sparking engagement with student-generated questions involves encouraging students to investigate topics they care about and identify questions they want to answer.
Student-guided screen-share tour to elicit courseware perceptions - The interviewer asks the student to share their screen and guide the tour through the courseware and related course content.
Student-led after-school club creation and student senate structures to expand student voice and engagement - Roswell community schools shifted decision-making to students: at Sierra, all after-school clubs are determined by students, who brainstorm ideas, gather peer interest, recruit a paid teacher host, an
Student-led conferences in which students present their cumulative work, reflect, and set goals with families and advisors - Gateway holds student-led conferences midway through the school year.
Student-Pair Math Games - Pair-based games facilitate active learning through friendly competition, requiring students to recall and apply math skills in a dynamic setting.
Student-Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) - STAD is a cooperative-learning structure in which teams of 4-5 students study material together, then take individual tests, with grades based partly on each student's own improvement and the team's c
Students learn AI ethics through inquiry or design projects examining societal impact and bias - The article recommends that 'Students should likewise engage in ethical reflection through AI inquiry or design projects, critically examining societal impact, justice, privacy, and bias, supported by
Students should treat GenAI as a critical dialogue partner, using informed, iterative prompting rather than collecting ready-made answers - The article's proposition for students is to actively engage with the course literature and use GenAI as a conversational partner for self-regulated learning rather than as a collector or generator of
Studio Critique - A structured group feedback protocol in which learners present work-in-progress and receive facilitated peer and instructor critique to revise and improve it.
Study basic learning processes in stress-exposed youth to guide targeted prevention and intervention - The authors recommend that future research investigate how impaired learning mechanisms impact social development and how understanding these processes "can be used to guide the development of targete
Study cognition with methods that allow real-world AI use, including longitudinal designs tracking self-regulation formation - The article recommends that developmental research move beyond lab tasks forbidding external aid, since such conditions "does not reﬂect the manner in which cognition will be applied in the real world
Study creative metacognition in extended real-life processes rather than only in laboratory experiments - The article recommends that research on cognitive flexibility, metacognition, and creativity go beyond the laboratory: "these processes must be studied in extended processes of creativity and not only
Study curiosity broadly as information-seeking in ethological context rather than fixing a strict definition first - The article recommends that researchers "study it in its ethological context" and that "the definition stage follow a relatively solid characterization of curiosity, defined as broadly as possible".
Study dropout with designs and analyses that capture proximal precipitating events alongside long-term risks - The article recommends combining theoretical and methodological developments to study the interplay of early risks and proximal precipitants.
Study effort regulation in real-world, personally relevant contexts over longer timeframes, including via ecological momentary assessment - The commentary recommends moving beyond isolated laboratory tasks toward real-world learning situations where results matter to students' personal goals and engagement spans longer periods.
Study faculty advisors' and mentors' own views of their role in educating doctoral students about responsible research - The article describes a study designed with the Office of Research Integrity "to learn what role faculty advisors and mentors believe they play in educating doctoral students to conduct responsible re
Study learning dynamics through intensive, long-term, fine-grained repeated observation - The article recommends that research into the dynamics of complex systems be conducted through 'intensive, long-term, ﬁne-grained, and often-tedious examinations of agents and processes, usually with
Study learning with AI by varying the interactional arrangement and measuring process and delayed reduced-support outcomes - This strategy operationalizes Agentivism for research design.
Study natural methods of learning and run experiments to determine how learners pass from beginner's crude efforts to expert performance - The article recommends that instead of teaching expert methods at once, educators should make 'a study of natural methods of learning' and carry out experiments to find what methods best move learners
Study of Written Models - Learners analyze and imitate well-crafted written models to internalize genre conventions, structures, and stylistic moves before producing their own writing.
Study skills courses should build students' awareness of contextual demands such as grading practices - The chapter recommends helping students monitor and adjust to classroom task requirements and grading practices, noting that college freshmen often struggle because they fail to adjust their perceptio
Study the development of self-regulatory skills in naturalistic settings over longer periods of time - The editors propose that because experiments in CSCL are time-limited, the field should investigate how self-regulatory skills develop in naturalistic settings over longer time spans.
Study the relationship between learning time, recall time, and recall accuracy with better-controlled time measures - The article closes by calling for further study of the relation between time measures and recall outcomes.
Subitizing Activities - Brief, repeated activities that build learners' ability to instantly recognize small quantities without counting, forming a foundation for arithmetic.
Subject-matter faculty teach short lecture courses devoted entirely to teaching their subject in the secondary school - The department offers twelve short lecture courses in secondary methods taught by members of the faculty who teach the subjects themselves.
Submit intervention studies and replications to Educational Psychology Review's new intervention studies and replication categories - The editor's forward-looking recommendation for authors: educational psychology journals rarely publish intervention studies, so authors whose intervention research is difficult to publish should look
Success Criteria Co-Construction - Learners and teacher jointly develop the criteria that define quality in a task, before or during the work, so learners internalize what "good" looks like.
Successful districts pursue LRE through four coordinated courses of action: explicit policy decisions, new less restrictive alternatives, improved placement decisions, and attitude change - The report identifies a reusable district-level design pattern for achieving LRE.
Successful external partners act as staff advocates and buffers who reduce teacher vulnerability - This strategy holds that external partner organizations support school change by protecting staff rather than only providing technical support.
Successful LLM-assisted debugging sessions require investigating multiple root causes, patience, and student-led correction of the LLM - The article identifies what a successful Chat-Debugging session includes: "investigating multiple potential root causes proposed by the LLM, the patience and determination to eliminate root causes, an
Summaries and Recaps - Periodically restating key content in condensed, reworded, or re-represented form to consolidate understanding and support retention.
Summarize emerging value-added evidence in practitioner-accessible briefs - Because researchers have presented value-added evidence in varied ways, the brief's strategy is to highlight and summarize recent studies in a consistent format for practitioners.
Summarizing - Summarizing involves integrating important information from a text or problem to create a concise overview, including justifying solutions and explaining the strategies used.
Summative Assessment to Measure Learning Over Time - Interim and summative assessments measure learning over time — interims track individual progress toward standards, while summatives compare performance against standards at the end of an instructiona
Summer reading programs should provide books matched to students' reading levels, encourage oral reading practice, and include scaffolding - Based on its review of experimentally evaluated voluntary summer reading programs (e.g., Kim, 2006; Kim & White, 2008), the article identifies the program features found effective: "programs that prov
Supplement grant aid with academic or social supports, favor need-based over merit-only allocation, and avoid front-loading aid - The article's policy implications recommend three implementable moves for institutions, states, and funders: supplement grant aid with additional treatments, since "supplementing grant aid with additi
Supplement self-report questionnaires with process-oriented and online measures of motivation during learning - The review recommends alternatives to self-report questionnaires, which suffer from subjectivity, Jingle-Jangle conceptualization problems, inability to capture fluctuating states, developmental facto
Supplement task-based language teaching with grammar instruction and use communicative drills for automatization - The review recommends that analytical approaches such as Task-Based Language Teaching be supplemented by some type of grammar instruction, which can be implicit, explicit, inductive or deductive.
Supply Caddy - Consolidate learning supplies into a single portable, organized caddy so learners spend less time searching and more time learning.
Support adult self-directed learning by enabling self-paced, self-styled access rather than only removing barriers to taught classes - Drawing on Penland's finding that autonomy-related motives dominate adults' preference for learning alone, the review reports Cross's (1981) conclusion that "incentives to help adults participate in t
Support affective cohesion through positive atmosphere and empathy formation in chatbot dialogue - This strategy cultivates emotional bonds among team members through mutual comprehension and empathy.
Support belonging in AP classes through AP teachers of color, near-peer mentors, culturally sustaining curricula, and targeted supports - The brief argues that a sense of belonging is fundamental to success in advanced courses and that schools, not students, must create welcoming environments.
Support children with cochlear implants in school as if they were hard of hearing, with ongoing professional development and strong clinic-school communication links - The study recommends that educators treat children with cochlear implants as functionally similar to children with moderate or severe hearing loss, since even children with high spoken language profic
Support children's ecological active learning through explanation prompts, active control, and environment design rather than explicit strategy training - The article recommends supporting children's question asking and active learning through lightweight environmental and prompt-based interventions rather than extensive explicit training.
Support collaborative groups by raising awareness of the nature of their challenges and allowing sufficient time for negotiated interaction - Based on the finding that regulation strategies often did not match the challenges groups faced, the authors recommend that collaborative learning support go beyond keeping students on task.
Support collaborative learning activities through sharing, problem-solving scaffolding, social regulation, and immediate feedback - This strategy covers the chatbot's pedagogical support during collaborative learning: promoting sharing via visualization tools and real-time shared workspaces; enhancing collaborative problem-solving
Support college transitions by addressing college choice, institutional fit, and college support — not student preparation alone - The article concludes that efforts to promote attainment must attend not just to skills making students "ready for college," but also to college choice and the role colleges play in supporting student
Support community-connected project-based learning through PBL champions, collaboration time, and experience-tiered professional learning - LAUSD's CSI made community-connected PBL a cornerstone of its classroom-practice vision and supported it with a layered structure: professional development from several providers, a school-based PBL c
Support construction of actionable knowledge through post-VR mock performance and reified artefacts such as storyboards - To transform learning constructed in VR into practice, the article recommends accompanying VR sessions with activities that bridge knowledge 'on-action' to use 'in-action'.
Support coordinated enrollment across the mixed delivery system to ensure family choice and provider stability - The report recommends that states organize recruitment, outreach, and enrollment — "coordinated enrollment" — so families can find settings that meet their needs.
Support credit transfer with direct credit for bidirectional transfers plus small bridging modules targeting missing outcomes - The authors propose an alternative to conventional bridging programs that extend post-secondary education by a semester: a provincial prior assessment of learning outcomes identifying differences acro
Support curriculum implementation with initial multi-day training plus ongoing onsite consultation during the school year - In the evaluated implementation, intervention teachers received 2.5 full days of curriculum training before the preschool year began and had access to ongoing implementation support throughout the yea
Support Decoding of Text, Mathematical Notation, and Symbols - Providing strategies and tools so that written text, mathematical notation, and other symbol systems do not become a barrier to the learning goal.
Support deep CI implementation through capacity inventories, gradual-release coaching, structured collaboration opportunities, and student voice - The report's implications section recommends actions for intermediaries and school system leaders pursuing networked continuous improvement.
Support digital inclusion through onboarding processes, device lending and technical support when deploying digital learning programmes with older adults - The trial supported digital inclusion "through supporting onboarding processes and device lending": researchers provided initial training at the baseline visit, preloaded iPads, and made ad hoc techni
Support digitally fluent career pathways through ecosystems, educator training, work-based learning, convenings, and showcases - The article describes five support streams the Center for Learner Pathway Innovations uses to embed digital fluency in career pathways: building local, regional, and state education ecosystems around
Support district implementations of adaptive reading programs with a milestone-based implementation plan and ongoing data-informed coaching - The page describes an implementation model in which the vendor partners with the district on a plan with key milestones: a discovery meeting, plan development, integration meetings for technical readi
Support e-teachers' transition with professional development focused on reflecting on online-versus-F2F differences and the potential of the tools - Based on their findings, the authors recommend that e-teachers need opportunities to reconcile past and present forms of practice.
Support effortful strategy use by making students aware of the benefits of retrieval practice and providing hints - Because students experience retrieval practice as more effortful than restudy and tend to avoid it in self-regulated learning contexts for memory-based tasks, the editorial states that "interventions
Support employee professional learning about AI through onboarding, transparency, direct tool access, and job-embedded training - The brief recommends that employers support workers' professional learning amid new AI tools by providing "comprehensive onboarding and continuing education programs that enable workers to adapt to ev
Support engagement particularly in academic subjects by incorporating exploration and learning by doing - The authors' conclusion states that "engagement should be supported particularly in academic subjects which do not lend themselves as easily to exploration and learning by doing." Because lesson-to-le
Support English learners with sentence frames, graphic organizers, and word walls—but supplement frames with level-appropriate strategies because frames can limit the range of student responses - Teachers created sentence frames matched to each phase's language function to reinforce grammatical structures (e.g., "I think _____ because _____" for predictions), integrated graphic organizers to h
Support exclusion-reduction interventions with strong implementation strategies and whole-school engagement - Based on the qualitative synthesis, the review concludes that "targeted, context‐sensitive interventions supported by strong implementation strategies and whole‐school engagement are most likely to ac
Support facilitator uptake of co-regulation through in-person training plus biweekly coaching calls and classroom site visits - The study's support model paired initial and refresher in-person trainings for facilitators and program administrators with ongoing coaching: "The study team also held biweekly coaching calls to provi
Support faculty AI adoption by engaging beliefs about disciplinary thinking, not only access and technical training - The article recommends that efforts to support AI adoption "must help faculty concep- tualize and articulate how AI might support disciplinary thinking in their context, as well as constraints necessa
Support faculty AI literacy through needs assessment, targeted training, teaching resources, and communities of practice - The chapter treats faculty development as crucial to implementing the framework.
Support faculty UDL uptake through shared resources, discussion forums, responsive accessibility services, and recognition of accessible design work - The article recommends a bundle of institutional supports to improve the acceptability of UDL among professors: additional resources, forums to discuss common challenges, better support from accessibi
Support first-year adopters of a comprehensive curriculum with quick-start overviews, editable materials, and curated course plans - Because all interviewed teachers found the curriculum overwhelming in their initial adoption year, the report recommends that developers provide a "quick start" overview of key resources, emphasize th
Support freshman success for students with disabilities through attendance-boosting measures and study-habit support tailored to learning and mild cognitive disabilities - The report recommends that educators focus on freshman-year course performance for students receiving special education services and students two or more years below grade level, since helping them "p
Support future edtech OBC cohorts with readiness assessments, early planning, needs-assessment framing, and cross-cohort collaboration - The report offers role-specific recommendations for future OBC engagement: develop readiness assessments to prepare districts and providers; frame contract development as a needs assessment leveraging
Support gamified learning implementation with teacher training, technical preparedness, and regular tool evaluation - The review's challenges section recommends that institutions implementing gamified learning provide comprehensive training and support for students and teachers, ensure adequate technological infrastr
Support group cohesion by cultivating belongingness and interdependence through the chatbot - This strategy directs chatbot design toward reinforcing group cohesion by cultivating a sense of belonging and interdependence within teams.
Support high school selection by expanding school fit beyond programs to commute, safety, and family circumstances - An implementable advising strategy drawn from coordinators' high school application work: staff begin with a programmatic definition of fit and then broaden it to the student's real constraints.
Support implementation with asynchronous onboarding plus ongoing data coaching and scripted lessons - The program pairs digital lessons with teacher-facing supports: "a 3-hour asynchronous teacher onboarding and professional development session at no cost, monthly data coaching, bi-weekly health repor
Support implementation with initial Science of Reading training plus PLC-based lesson study and model lessons - Teachers attend an initial Science of Reading and Implementation Professional Development Session, followed by targeted support sessions during grade-level Professional Learning Communities where they
Support informal workplace learning by recognising and rendering visible the informal networks through which workers actually learn - The article argues that informal learning is often not acknowledged as learning within organisations, being regarded as 'part of the job', and that "there is value in rendering learning visible so tha
Support instructors during execution with predefined email templates and instructor notes - The authors recommend that designers "provide predefined email templates covering a range of possible replies to trainees" and provide instructor notes detailing actions and inputs requiring instructo
Support internet safety for teens with ASD through simple, frequent conversations and clear rules and limits on internet use - The brief recommends that adults support adolescents with ASD online by holding "simple and frequent conversations about internet safety" and by "establishing clear rules and limits to internet use."
Support intervention teachers with biweekly Teacher Learning Community meetings alongside scripted curriculum materials - During the study, "Researchers conducted biweekly Teacher Learning Community meetings with intervention group teachers", at which researchers facilitated discussion of practices that worked well in pr
Support language development in both languages during preschool since growth in either language supports reading in both - The article recommends that preschool programs support language development in both of a bilingual child's languages rather than immersing children solely in English.
Support learners in climbing the social and epistemic ladders together - Generalizing from the super-notes study of cross-class knowledge building, the editorial conveys the authors' conclusion that "learning designs should support people in 'climbing the social and episte
Support learners in making and being guided to make effective choices - Among the Table 1 assumptions, the paper holds that learners make, or can be guided to make, effective choices.
Support learners in monitoring and regulating their own learning using effective strategies - The review closes by drawing practical implications for situations in which learners must manage their own study.
Support learners to evaluate AI outputs by verifying sources, reporting errors, and overriding recommendations - Under Encourage Evaluation of Emerging Technologies, the framework recommends providing "opportunities to verify sources and cross-check information as well as opportunities for users to report errors
Support low-ability students in open inquiry with graduated scaffolds such as general procedures and worked examples - The review recommends adapting and modifying open inquiry for students with lower abilities rather than applying it as a direct, fully student-centered method.
Support Math 180 teachers with initial start-up training plus 2-3 coaching visits during the year - In the studied implementations, teachers received "an initial 2-hour to half-day start-up training and an average of 2-3 coaching visits during the year." This light-touch professional development mod
Support metacognitive awareness by providing time and place for reflection, regulation-practice tasks, and profile-sensitive support - The article's practical implications recommend that "students should be provided with the time and place for reflection", that students "need to practice regulation of cognition by planning, monitorin
Support novice online teachers by introducing them to a larger pedagogical framework within which design decisions can be located - Drawing on Goodyear et al.
Support parents in providing a rich home literacy environment during the early years to foster emergent reading skills - The article concludes that its findings "suggest potential for interventions which support parents in providing a rich home literacy environment to help their children with emergent reading skills".
Support peer-to-peer reading interventions, whole-school collaborations, and parent-teacher involvement to address peer problems in reading - Based on the finding that peer problems were the strongest behavioral correlate of reading comprehension, the authors urge education stakeholders to "focus on interventions to build social skills and
Support PowerUp implementation with layered professional development: customized planning, product training, and ongoing data coaching - The page describes a multi-part professional development model intended to equip educators to "implement PowerUp with fidelity to deliver successful student outcomes".
Support program implementation with curriculum-embedded professional learning: workshops, planning and classroom coaching, leadership walkthroughs, and student-work data analysis - The program embeds professional learning in its curriculum tools so teachers and administrators can enact continuous improvement cycles centered on learning from student work.
Support reading motivation through interesting goals, autonomy, interesting texts, and social interaction - The article identifies four features critical to increasing and maintaining students' motivation to read, citing Guthrie and Humenick (2004): "(1) providing interesting content goals for reading, (2)
Support REDI implementation with brief inservice training plus weekly coaching from local consultants - The article recommends a professional development model for REDI: two days of in-person training and 8 hours of online training (or four days of in-person), plus local coaches who "observe classrooms
Support school data use through intermediary instructional officers rather than directly - The report recommends that DRE's instructional support work "with school staff through the AIOs, who will serve as intermediaries," providing assistance from basic help understanding test score and ga
Support school leaders in low-satisfaction schools to develop coaching skills and implement evaluations in ways that encourage instructional improvement - Because teacher satisfaction with evaluation varies widely across schools, the researchers recommend targeting leadership support.
Support self-concept fit through asset-based and culturally sustaining pedagogies, identity-connection assignments, and affinity spaces - The review recommends that teachers and institutions foster belonging by supporting self-concept fit: asset-based and culturally sustaining pedagogies that "explicitly include and highlight the value
Support strategy decisions by having students repeatedly monitor perceived effort and perceived learning across time - The article's forward-looking recommendation is that strategy decisions can be supported by having students monitor their subjective experiences on multiple occasions during study, so that misleading
Support struggling advanced-course students with expanded learning time and intensive tutoring - To ensure advanced courses have a safe, equitable, positive learning environment, the brief recommends "Support for students who may need additional time to build skills for AP courses, such as expand
Support sustained teacher AI agent creation with protected creation time, tool selection agency, choice-based portfolios, and low-barrier peer sharing - The article's implications section gives administrators and designers concrete moves to prevent the autonomy deficits that drove 87% disengagement in Cycle 1.
Support teacher analytics adoption by providing success experiences, avoiding audit use, and offering individual options alongside team discussions - To promote adoption of analytics-informed teacher inquiry, the article recommends that TLA "should not become tools for auditing teachers' practices" and should provide "possibilities for teachers' se
Support teacher relationships with students, families, and communities through community events, home visits, and family voice - The brief recommends concrete leader actions to help teachers form meaningful relationships with students, families, and their communities as classrooms become more diverse.
Support teacher residency programs, which are associated with higher retention rates for teachers of color - The brief identifies teacher residency programs as a retention investment: "Colorado, Illinois, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas used funds to support teacher residency programs, which are
Support teachers to customize curriculum for local relevance and cultural responsiveness - The article outlines an example research project, Customizing OpenSciEd materials to students' local contexts, identities, and funds of knowledge, combining professional learning strategies with desig
Support teachers with sensemaking routines and training when deploying equity visualizations - The article's Notes for Practice state that "Teachers need support to engage in sensemaking when using visualizations of equity from their classroom to use them more frequently as compared to visualiz
Support teachers' relational pedagogy through reflection and corrective experiences to prevent conflict escalation and emotional exhaustion - The review recommends that teacher educators and school administrators attend to beliefs and feelings about classroom relationships, equipping teachers "with interpretative frameworks that promote con
Support the evolving instructor role with professional development beyond product training, articulated role expectations, and communities of practice - As technology shifts adult education toward student-centered learning, instructors need support that goes beyond vendor product training: opportunities to develop ideas and strategies, try them out, r
Support the shift from standardized testing toward diverse assessment strategies—performance-based assessments, portfolios, and experiential learning—with teacher training, resource allocation, and accountability flexibility - The brief calls for policies supporting "a more diverse set of assessment strategies— such as performance-based assessments, portfolios, and experiential learning" so students are evaluated on the ful
Support tutors with a 2-day initial workshop plus weekly per-child progress meetings - Galaxy Math's professional development model combines "a 2-day initial workshop" with ongoing support: tutors "participate in weekly meetings with project coordinators to review the progress of each c
Support youth as knowledge producers with rigorous intellectual criteria for evaluating their environmental decisions - The article's forward-looking recommendation for CCS education is to design projects that position youth as knowledge producers and to explicitly build their decision-evaluation capacity.
Support youth with confirmed slow processing speed through acceptance, advocacy, accommodations, extended time, time-management teaching, and assistive technology - The article recommends that youth whose evaluations confirm slow processing speed receive school-based supports centered on acceptance, advocacy, and accommodations.
Support youth with disabilities in transition through intensive case management, early work experiences, and a family focus - The article presents PROMISE's approach to supporting SSI youth during the transition to adulthood as a model for current initiatives: "intensive case management, facilitating early work experiences,
Supporting Self-Regulation - Identifying and supporting students who have learning strengths or challenges related to self-regulation.
Supportive practices for inclusive youth co-design: reach beyond usual voices, respect time, ensure accessibility, and compensate fairly - Alongside partnering with youth, the report recommends four supporting practices for co-design.
Supports teachers need to enact formative assessment for English learners - The brief lists supports teachers benefit from: professional development in formative assessment, asset-based instruction, and language development across pre-service, induction, and in-service; learn
Supports to Raise Teachers' Expectancy and Value and Lower Cost for AI Use - A set of support measures the paper recommends for teachers adopting AI applications, repeated across its expectancy, value and cost sections.
Surface best practices for crisis-era learning support from district, school, and teacher leaders' perspectives - This strategy gathers the perspectives of district, school, and teacher leaders — collectively termed local leaders — to identify practices for supporting student learning during system disruption.
Surround students with college-educated mentors and college-going peers to build college aspirations - Recommendation 3 describes how high schools can help students build college-going networks by "linking students to college-educated mentors, encouraging students to form academically oriented peer gro
Survey adult learners about devices and home access before choosing instructional technology - Briya's Digital Literacy Coordinator surveys adult learners each year "to determine the access and devices they have at home," finding most have a tablet and/or smartphone.
Sushi Monster App - A free math app with a playful interface and characters to help kids expand their math skills and knowledge.
Sustain a faculty community of practice for creative problem-solving pedagogy - The article recommends developing faculty capacity for creative problem-solving teaching through an ongoing faculty group.
Sustain alumni feedback loops through strategic planning integration, cross-functional interpretation teams, transparent value-exchanges, and phased data collection - The guide's recommendations for practice distill lessons from its multi-year study into four actions: integrate alumni surveys directly into district strategic planning; establish cross-functional tea
Sustain and deepen state investments in high-retention teacher pathways and streamline licensure requirements - The report recommends policymakers institutionalize investments in high-retention pathways such as service scholarships, teacher residencies, and Grow-Your-Own programs, which "produce well-prepared t
Sustain and expand California's teacher workforce investments: continued GSTG funding, residency sustainability, NBCT uptake studies, and better program data - The report's policy recommendations call for continuing the three flagship investments beyond their one-time appropriations.
Sustain and expand residency pathways through maintained state grant funding, financial aid, apprenticeship structures, and technical assistance - The report recommends that California policymakers maintain funding for the Teacher Residency Grant Program beyond its 2026–27 expiration, renew or replace the Golden State Teacher Grant Program's $20
Sustain and resource statewide PBIS scale-up with emphasis on advanced-tier implementation support - Based on finding that only a minority of trained schools implemented all three tiers with fidelity, the authors recommend that "statewide scale-up efforts need to continue to find ways to support PBIS
Sustain broadband and device access beyond grant funds by inserting permanent upgrade clauses in ISP contracts and adopting 'device as service' procurement models at state scale - The report recommends two sustainability strategies for states.
Sustain cross-agency collaboration through a dedicated district leader and monthly partner meetings - PUSD created or renewed community partnerships to improve delivery of school-based mental health services, using the Administrator on Special Assignment position to foster collaboration among state an
Sustain district mental health initiatives by braiding grant funding into annual plans, ongoing surveys, and reimbursement streams - The brief's sustainability approach embeds mental health in existing district structures so work continues after the grant ends: schools included mental health in their annual School Plans for Student
Sustain doctoral methodological competence through continued practice, feedback, and authentic application rather than isolated short courses - The article recommends that doctoral programs support durable methodological capabilities through ongoing opportunities for technical application, retrieval, and feedback, since a one-shot course prod
Sustain educator learning through schoolwide, network, and districtwide approaches that embed professional learning across the system - The report recommends that professional learning be part of a sustained approach at school, district, and network levels creating opportunities for learning, dialogue, and shared practices.
Sustain inquiry innovations through partnerships with business, universities, thought leadership, or institutional policy adoption - The chapter distinguishes scale (spreading a practice) from sustainability (keeping it in use), noting sustainability requires a mechanism for covering recurring costs.
Sustain paid residencies through strategic staffing that reallocates resident instructional support roles - The report describes strategic staffing as reconfiguring educator positions so that residents take on instructional support responsibilities such as substitute teaching or tutoring; the money saved wh
Sustain school mental health programs through multi-payer fee schedules and alignment with existing initiatives - The brief's sustainability approach is to move districts beyond one-time grant funds by aligning resources and partnerships.
Sustain school mental health services by blending one-time grants with ongoing reimbursement streams - SCOE's sustainability strategy combines one-time initiative funds with recurring reimbursement options.
Sustain statewide MTSS by staying the course: invest in district-level capacity and an integrated three-tier model - The evaluation's forward-looking recommendation is that Kansas "stay the course": continue investment in district-level capacity building, strengthen the Core Team, and adhere continually to the MTSS
Sustain teacher residencies through blended federal and state funding, including TQP grants, ESSER funds, and dedicated state investments - The report describes a range of funding sources states use to launch and sustain residencies.
Sustain the school mental health system through braided funding, LCAP indicators, and ongoing program mapping - The brief lists key strategies NHUHSD will use to sustain its school mental health system beyond Project Cal-Well, including "incorporating key mental health indicators from the CHKS into the Local Co
Sustain tutor quality through layered professional development: live and asynchronous learning, observations, coaching, and weekly office hours - The program sustains instructional quality through a multi-layered support system: teachers "participate in both asynchronous and live professional learning and are regularly observed through formal o
Sustain tutoring participation, schedule it close to testing windows, and align content with classroom instruction to preserve gains - Based on the null long-term findings, the authors recommend that future tutoring efforts "focus on ensuring continuous participation, extending tutoring so that it is closer to the testing window, and
Sustain whole-school reform through annual booster training and ongoing coaching - The article indicates that sustainability of SWPBIS depends on "strong leadership at the school and district levels, onsite and ongoing coaching to support high quality implementation, evidence that S
Sustainable block schedule with embedded planning and professional learning time to retain teachers - Oakland International uses an A/B block schedule with 55- or 105-minute blocks that gives teachers "approximately 90 minutes embedded in each school day and an additional hour after students are relea
Sustained classroom-embedded professional development through demonstration teachers - This strategy places experienced demonstration teachers inside classrooms for extended two-week residencies repeated throughout the year.
Sustained professional development model combining training days, site visits, observations, and ongoing coaching - The program's professional development model provides school staff with 10 days of professional development given over two years, plus 6-8 site visits offering tailored professional development, tutor
Sustained Silent Reading - A scheduled period in which all members of a class or school read self-selected material silently, with the goal of building reading volume, fluency, and voluntary reading habits.
Sustained teacher professional development with coaching and professional learning communities - The intervention's delivery strategy is multi-year, job-embedded teacher training: "Teachers participate in 46 hours of professional development per year, over the course of 2 years," and "Teachers ar
Sustained, coached professional development over up to two years for RA implementation - The RA models require long-duration professional development rather than one-off training: in whole-grade and whole-school variations, "Teachers receive ten day-long professional development sessions
Sustained, needs-based PBIS professional development with in-classroom coaching to build teacher capacity - The article describes a one-year professional development model in which eight self-contained ED teachers received 20 two-hour training sessions plus four classroom observations, with content guided b
Switch to written notes when verbal communication with a hearing-impaired patron breaks down - When repeated verbal exchanges with a hearing-impaired patron fail, the paper recommends written communication: "If, after several attemptsat verbalcommunication, the librarian is not understandingthe
Syllabication Instruction - Teach children the six basic syllable types and how they affect spelling and decoding of multisyllable words.
Syllable Division Instruction - Explicitly teaching learners to segment multisyllabic words into syllables using structural cues, so they can decode and spell long words independently.
Synthesized methodological recommendations for collecting and reporting HRV data in educational research - The review distills its 48-study synthesis into recommendations covering construct definition, participant control, device choice, data collection conditions, measurement duration, parameter selection
System leaders partner with external organizations to re-envision central office support for a system of schools - This strategy calls on district system leaders to embrace partnerships with local supporting organizations and jointly rethink the role of the central office.
System of Least Prompts: a four-step graduated scaffolding hierarchy ending in graceful exit with direct instruction - When a student struggles, the AI proctor employs the System of Least Prompts, "offering a strict hierarchy of scaffolding": a general nudge, a specific cue, a targeted scaffold, and finally direct ins
System-level adoption strategies: state officer collaborations, certified PD provider network, and district phased-implementation support - The paper describes three ways OpenSciEd works with district and state partners to align with system change models.
System-level strategies to build enabling conditions for Powerful Learning - Drawing on the Water of Systems Change framework (structural, relational, transformative dimensions), the report recommends system leaders build conditions intentionally.
Systematic drill in skimming for children who have mastered the mechanics of reading - The authors recommend that, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, systematic drill in skimming is desirable for children who have mastered the mechanics of reading and regularly use reading to a
Systematic Synthetic Phonics - Teaching letter–sound correspondences in a planned sequence, with learners blending graphemes to build and decode words from part to whole.
Systematically examine effects of specific EMME design choices for specific participant populations and task types in future research - The review's forward-looking recommendation is that "Future research should start to more systematically examine the effects of specific EMME design choices for specific participant populations and ta
Systemic, human-centred approach treating digital data use as a school-and-teacher system, with AI integrated into professional development - Following research on human-centred learning analytics, the authors suggest "the use of digital data in schools should be understood as a systemic issue that involves both school and teacher character